Associations of oxidative balance score and visceral adiposity index with risk of ischaemic heart disease: a cross-sectional study of NHANES, 2005-2018.

OBJECTIVE: Evidence on the association of oxidative balance score (OBS) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) with risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is limited. We aimed to explore the association of OBS and VAI with risk of IHD, and then examined their potential interactive effects. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 27 867 individuals aged more than 20 years were included in this study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for the associations of OBS and VAI with risk of IHD, including coronary heart disease (CHD), heart attack and angina pectoris. RESULTS: Compared with those in the first quintile, participants with highest quintile of OBS had decreased risk of IHD (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.69), CHD (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.80), heart attack (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.66) and angina pectoris (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.82); meanwhile, those with highest quintile of VAI had increased risk of IHD (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.74), CHD (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.67), heart attack (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.94) and angina pectoris (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.87). Furthermore, we observed a stronger association between OBS and risk of IHD among participants with VAI ≥1.73 (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.62). CONCLUSION: Our study found the negative association between OBS and risk of IHD, and positive association between VAI and risk of IHD. In addition, we found the interactive effects between VAI and OBS on the risk of IHD, underlining the importance of OBS in IHD prevention among participants with high VAI level.

Level II lateral neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: For N1b papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients, lateral neck dissection encompassing levels Ⅱ-Ⅴ is generally recommended. However, routine level Ⅱ dissection is controversial given the low incidence of metastasis, and potential complications such as increased shoulder syndrome. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent lateral neck dissection at a single institution from January 2019 to April 2021 was performed. Clinicopathological features such as age, gender, tumor location, tumor size, TgAb and TPOAb levels, capsular invasion, multifocality and lymph node metastases were examined to evaluate the occurrence of metastatic Level Ⅱ lymph nodes. RESULTS: Overall and occult level Ⅱ metastases were observed in 51.83% and 34.84% of cN1b PTC patients. Multivariant analysis showed that primary tumor, location of primary tumor and positive level Ⅴ can serve as independent risk factors of metastasis in level Ⅱ. For cN1b PTC patients not suspected of level Ⅱ lymph nodes preoperatively, independent risk factors for predicting occult level Ⅱ metastases may include the location of primary tumor, positive level Ⅲ and positive level Ⅴ. CONCLUSION: A significant number of patients with PTC and lateral neck disease experienced Level Ⅱ metastasis, with the location of primary tumor and multilevel lymph node involvement being the independent risk factors. If the tumor is less than 1 cm and located at lower 2/3 lobe, there is minimal possibility of level Ⅱ lymph node metastasis.

National, regional, and global cardiomyopathy burden from 1990 to 2019.

Objective: To examine the incidence of cardiomyopathy including both alcoholic cardiomyopathy (AC) and other cardiomyopathy (OC) in 204 nations and regions over the 1990-2019 period. Methods: The present study was conducted using data derived from the GBD 2019 study coordinated by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). The GBD 2019 study included epidemiological data pertaining to 369 diseases/injuries, 286 causes of death, and 87 risk factors in 204 nations and regions. For this study, we adopt published estimates pertaining to the prevalence rates, mortality rates, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with cardiomyopathy. The Bayesian mixed-effects DisMod-MR 2.1 meta-regression tool, which was designed to analyze GBD data, was used to estimate the prevalence of OC and AC. The GBD data are subdivided into 21 global regions based on characteristics such as geographical proximity and epidemiological similarity. The overall burden of cardiomyopathy was assessed by combining AC- and OC-related data, 95% confidence intervals were calculated based on standardized error values determined based upon the width of the 95% UI divided by 1.96 × 2. Results: Globally, there were an estimated 0.71 million (95% UI: 0.55-0.92) AC cases and 3.73 million (95% UI: 2.92-4.72) OC cases in 2019. The age-standardized cardiomyopathy, AC, and OC prevalence rates (per 100,000 persons) in 2019 were 56.0 (95% CI: 43.82-71.17), 8.51 (95% UI: 6.6-11.01), and 47.49 (95% UI: 37.22-60.16), respectively. In total, the respective numbers of global deaths attributed to AC and OC were 0.07 million (95% UI: 0.06-0.08) and 0.24 million (95% UI: 0.19-0.26). The age-standardized mortality rate for cardiomyopathy in 2019 was 3.97 (95% CI: 3.29-4.39), with respective mortality rates of 0.86 (95% UI: 0.72-0.99) and 3.11 (95% UI: 2.57-3.4) for AC and OC. At the global level in 2019, 2.44 million (95% UI: 2.04-2.78) DALYs were attributed to AC, while 5.72 million (95% UI: 4.89-6.33) DALYs were attributed to OC. From 1990 to 2019, cardiomyopathy age-standardized prevalence rates declined by -0.49% (95% CI: -0.57 to -0.41), with those for AC and OC having respectively declined by -0.32% (95% UI: -0.36 to -0.28) and -0.17% (95% UI: -0.21 to -0.13). The age-standardized AC and OC mortality rates declined by -0.36% (95% UI: -0.5 to -0.26) and -0.39% (95% UI: -0.44 to -0.29), despite 24.8 and 30.2% increases, respectively, in the numbers of AC- and OC-related deaths during the same period. Conclusion: Previous studies have estimated the risk factors that influence the burden of multiple cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Among them, some studies related to the GBD database on cardiomyopathy data suggest that alcohol intake, gender are factors in the development of AC, and the burden of AC and OC is not limited to developed or less developed countries. Otherwise, this study mainly focused on cardiomyopathy, and analyzed multiple indicators from national, regional, and age-standard dimensions to identify potential risk factors including prevalence, deaths, years lived with Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) that influence the development of AC and OC. To our knowledge, this study is the first to have systematically assessed the burden of AC and OC as of 2019 at the national, regional, and global levels and calculated DALYs to achieve a better evaluation of disease risk and quality of life of the population. The number of cases, deaths and DALYs of cardiomyopathy showed an overall increasing trend and obvious geographical differences in the past three decades. The burden of cardiomyopathy remains a persistent threat to global public health. These results provide an epidemiological foundation that can guide public health efforts and policymakers.

Numerical Investigation of the Thermal Behavior of Cracked RP-3 in Rectangular Cooling Channels under Different Inclinations.

The pyrolysis effect of aviation kerosene is common in the regenerative cooling process of hypersonic aircraft scramjets. To find out the effect of inclination variation on the characteristics of aviation kerosene RP-3 considering thermal cracking in a regenerative cooling rectangular channel, a detailed chemical mechanism of RP-3 pyrolysis is introduced to construct a numerical model. The results indicate that the pyrolytic reaction begins at the junction of the heating wall and the side walls, and the main products of pyrolysis are light olefins and alkanes. The thermal cracking reaction slows down the velocity of the main flow on account of the increased density and increased viscosity resulting from the decrease in RP-3 temperature. With the decrease in inclination, thermal cracking is enhanced and the average heat transfer coefficient is decreased, which leads to an increase in wall temperature.

Comparison of Proteomics Profiles Between Xenografts Derived from Cell Lines and Primary Tumors of Thyroid Carcinoma.

Patient-consistent xenograft model is a challenge for all cancers but particularly for thyroid cancer, which shows some of the greatest genetic divergence between human tumors and cell lines. In this study, proteomic profiles of tumor tissues from patients, included anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma, and xenografts (8305C, 8505C, FRO, BAPAP and IHH4) were obtained using HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry and compared based on all proteins detected (3,961), cancer-related proteins and druggable proteins using pairwise Pearson's correlation analysis. The human tissue showed low proteomic similarity to the ATC cell lines (8305C, r = 0.344-0.416; 8505C, 0.47-0.579; FRO, 0.267-0.307) and to PTC cell lines (BCPAP, 0.303-0.468; IHH4, 0.262-0.509). Human tissue showed the following similarity to cell lines at the level of 135 cancer-related pathways. The ATC cell lines contained 47.4% of the cancer-related pathways (19.26%-33.33%), while the PTC cell lines contained 40% (BCPAP, 25.93%; IHH4, 28.89%). In patient tumor tissues, 44-60 of 76 and 52-53 of 93 druggable proteins were identified in ATC and PTC tumors, respectively. Ten and 29 druggable proteins were not identified in any of the ATC and PTC xenografts, respectively. We provide a reference for CDX selecting in in vivo studies of thyroid cancer.

Predictive Risk-scoring Model For Central Lymph Node Metastasis and Predictors of Recurrence in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

There are about half of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with the experience of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM), while the model to predict high-risk groups of CLNM from PTC patients is uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate candidate risk factors of CLNM and identify risk factors of recurrence to guide the postoperative therapeutic decision and follow-up for physicians and patients.A total of 4107 patients(4884 lesions) who underwent lymph node dissection in two hospitals from 2005 to 2014 were evaluated. CLNM risk was stratified and a risk-scoring model was developed on the basis of the identified independent risk factors for CLNM. Cox's proportional hazards regression model was used to investigate the risk factors for recurrence.CLNM was proved in 37.96% (1559/4107) of patients and 33.96% (1659/4884) of lesions. In the multivariate analysis, Male, Age ≤35 years, Tumor size >0.5 cm,Lobe dissemination (+), Psammoma body (+), Multifocality and Capsule invasion (+) were independent risk predictors of CLNM (P < 0.01). A 14-point risk-scoring model was built to predict the stratified CLNM in PTC patients and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve of the model for the prediction of CLNM was 0.672 (95% CI: 0.656-0.688) (P < 0.01). COX regression model showed that Tumor size >0.5 cm, Lobe dissemination (+), Multifocality and CLNM were significant risk factors associated with poor outcomes. The research suggested that prophylactic CLN dissection could be performed in patients with total score ≥4 according to the risk-scoring model, and more aggressive treatment and more frequent follow-up should be considered for patients with Tumor size >0.5 cm, Lobe dissemination (+), Multifocality and CLNM.

Preliminary screening and analysis of metastasis-related lncRNA and co-expressed papillary thyroid carcinoma mRNA.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA expression profiles that are associated with the invasion and metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Transwell invasion assays were used to screen three highly invasive sub-strains of the human PTC IHH4 cell line: IHH4-M1, IHH4-M2 and IHH4-M3. In addition, tumor-bearing nude mice were used to identify the invasive and metastatic capacity of the three sub-strains. Agilent lncRNA microarray chips were used to screen 795 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 788 differentially expressed mRNAs. A total of 10 lncRNAs and 10 mRNAs were randomly selected for RT-qPCR validation to confirm that the results were consistent with the microarray chips, suggesting that the results of the microarray chip analysis were relatively accurate. Gene ontology enrichment-based cluster analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly associated with steroid biosynthesis, bioadhesion, intercellular adhesion and other metastasis-associated biological processes. The results of the pathway cluster analysis identified that the differentially expressed genes were associated with tumor metastasis-associated signaling pathways, including the cholesterol metabolic signaling pathway, the sterol regulatory element-binding protein signaling pathway and the integrin signaling pathway, suggesting that lncRNA may regulate PTC metastasis through various signaling pathways. The present study screened and constructed PTC metastasis-associated lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles, and it provides a molecular basis for the future study of high-risk molecular markers of PTC.

Expression and prognostic significance of MCM-3 and MCM-7 in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.

This study sought to investigate minichromosome maintenance protein 3 (MCM3) and minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) expression in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) samples, and to evaluate the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. The expressions of MCM3 and MCM7 were evaluated using immunohistochemistry of tissue sections from SACC patients, and statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between MCM expression and clinicopathological variables and to analyze the disease-free survival (DFS) and prognostic factors. The positive expression rates of MCM3 and MCM7 in SACC were 98.8% and 96.6%, respectively. MCM3 expression correlated with T-stage and nerve invasion. MCM7 expression correlated with T-stage, adjacent tissue invasion, nerve invasion, and prognosis, and was negatively associated with DFS. However, there was no significant correlation between MCM3 expression and DFS. A kappa analysis demonstrated that MCM3 was closely associated with MCM7. MCM7 may be a favorable prognosis indicator in SACC.

The significance of Delphian lymph node in papillary thyroid cancer.

AIM: To investigate the clinical significance of the DLN metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). METHODS: A total of 231 PTC patients who underwent first surgical treatment in the Department of Hand and Neck Surgery of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from January 2013 to June 2014 were enrolled. The relationship between Delphian lymph node (DLN) metastasis and patient age, gender, tumor size, tumor number, unilateral or bilateral, capsular invasion, pretracheal and paratracheal node metastasis, and lateral node metastasis was analyzed. RESULTS: Within 231 cases, 69 showed DLN, but only 19 (8.23%) were found with metastasis. In the univariate analysis, DLN metastasis was significantly associated with tumor size (P = 0.023), capsular invasion (P = 0.001), pretracheal or paratracheal node metastasis (P = 0.003) and lateral node metastasis (P = 0.001), while there were no significant correlation between DLN metastasis and gender (P = 0.976), age (P = 0.976), tumor number (P = 0.234) and unilateral or bilateral (P = 0.724). In the multivariate analysis, capsular invasion was an independent risk factor of DLN metastasis (P < 0.05, odds ratio = 10.15). CONCLUSION: Capsular invasion is an independent risk factor of DLN metastasis and DLN metastasis could be used as a predictor of lateral node metastasis. The dissection of DLN in PTC patients is recommended and lateral lymph node should be evaluated for patients with DLN positive.

Characteristics of change in water quality along reclaimed water intake area of the Chaobai River in Beijing, China.

To reveal the basic characteristics and controlling factors of water quality change in the project Wenyu to Chaobai reclaimed water diversion, the water quality in the study area was monitored for one year at seven monitoring sites. Inverse geochemical models of the statistical groups were developed using PHREEQC to elucidate the hydrochemistry characteristics of reclaimed water and the factors. The monitoring results indicated that nitrogen and phosphorus contents were significantly reduced along the river mainly caused by seasonal and location variation. The pH ranged from 7.44 to 9.81. Photosynthesis of algae and denitrification in anaerobic microenvironment ultimately led to a sudden pH increase after the Jian River and the Chaobai River confluence. Mg2+ and SO42- levels dropped obviously in the summer and increased in winter seasons after intersection. Na+ and Cl- are relatively stable, and marked drop in the concentration only after the two rivers meet. And there is a decrease of Ca2+ and HCO3- and increase in CO32- during monitoring period. As a whole, the primary ions and nutrient components, including nitrogen and phosphorus, had high levels in winter. Algae's photosynthesis and respiration were observed to have an impact on the river water quality; there was precipitation-dissolution of minerals and denitrification from upstream to downstream. Inverse geochemical PHREEQC modeling confirmed that there was precipitation of aragonite or calcite, and gypsum or anhydrite in summer, and dissolution in winter; as well as precipitation of dolomite in winter, and cationic exchange and denitrification along the river.

miR-21 regulates tumor progression through the miR-21-PDCD4-Stat3 pathway in human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.

miR-21, which is a putative tumor onco-miR and frequently overexpressed microRNA in various tumors, has been linked to tumor progression through targeting of tumor-suppressor genes. In this study, we sought to determine whether miR-21 has any role on tumor progression of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) and the possible mechanisms. We found that the level of miR-21 expression was significantly higher in SACC than that in normal salivary tissues, and it is also higher in tumors with metastasis than that without metastasis. Using an anti-miR-21 inhibitor in an in vitro model, downregulation of miR-21 significantly decreased the capacity of invasion and migration of SACC cells, whereas a pre-miR-21 increased the capacity of invasion and migration of SACC cells. To explore the potential mechanisms by which miR-21 regulate invasion and migration, we identified one direct miR-21 target gene, programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), which has been implicated in invasion and metastasis. The suppression of miR-21 in metastatic SACC-LM cells significantly increased the report activity of PDCD4 promoter and the expression of PDCD4 protein. This subsequently resulted in downregulation of the p-STAT3 protein. The level of miR-21 expression positively related to the expression of PDCD4 protein and negatively related to the expression of p-STAT3 protein in SACC specimens, respectively, indicating the potential role of the STAT3-miR-21-PDCD4 pathway in these tumors. Dysregulation of miR-21 has an important role in tumor growth and invasion by targeting PDCD4. Therefore, suppression of miR-21 may provide a potential approach for the treatment of advanced SACC patients.

Circulating miRNAs is a potential marker for gefitinib sensitivity and correlation with EGFR mutational status in human lung cancers.

miRNA expression is deregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and some miRNAs are associated with gefitinib sensitivity. Here, we investigated if circulating miRNAs could be a useful biomarker for the prediction of EGFR mutation and the patient's prognosis. The differential miRNAs related to gefitinib sensitivity were screened and identified by microRNA array. Using Taqman-based real-time RT-PCR, we analyzed the expression of selected miRNAs in tumor tissues and plasma of 150 NSCLC patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to determine the association between miRNAs expression and survival. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was also performed. Compared with PC9 cell line, 41 microRNAs detected by microarray were significantly differentially expressed in A549 and H1299 cells. The 5 selected hsa-miRNAs were all found differently expressed between wild and mutant EGFR carriers (all P<0.01). Down-regulation of 5 selected miRNAs were independently associated with lymphatic invasion (all P<0.01) and clinical stage (all P<0.01), respectively. Both down-regulation of has-miR-195 (P=0.012) and has-miR-21 (P=0.004) were associated with poor differentiation. All up-regulation of 5 has-miRNAs were associated with smoking (All P<0.05). 5 hsa-miRNAs were up-regulated both in plasma and tissue samples. A model including 4 hsa-miRNAs may predict EGFR mutational status and gefitinib-sensitivity (both AUC: 0.869). Plasma levels of has-miR-125b expression were associated with disease-free survival (P=0.033) and overall survival in the patients (P=0.028). In a word, Circulating 5 selected miRNAs may especially be useful in predicting EGFR mutation, and circulating hsa-miR-125b may have prognostic values in NSCLC patients.

Abnormal Expression of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Related Genes, ATM and GammaH2AX, in Thyroid Carcinoma.

ATM and γH2AX play a vital role in the detection of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and DNA damage response (DDR). This study aims to investigate ATM and γH2AX expression in thyroid cancer and discuss possible relationship between thyroid function tests and DNA damage. The expression of ATM and γH2AX was detected by immunohistochemistry in 30 cases of benign nodular goiter, 110 cases of well differentiated thyroid cancer, 22 cases of poorly differentiated thyroid cancer, and 21 cases of anaplastic thyroid cancer. Clinicopathological features, including differentiation stages, distant metastasis, lymph node metastasis, T classification, TNM stage, and tests of thyroid functions (TPOAb, Tg Ab, T3, FT3, T4, FT4, TSH, and Tg), were reviewed and their associations with γH2AX and ATM were analyzed. γH2AX and ATM expressed higher in thyroid cancer tissues than in benign nodular goiter and normal adjacent tissues. γH2AX was correlated with ATM in thyroid cancer. Both γH2AX and ATM expression were associated with FT3. γH2AX was also associated with T classification, TNM stage, FT4, TSH, and differentiation status. Therefore both of ATM and γH2AX seem to correlate with thyroid hormones and γH2AX plays a role in the differentiation status of thyroid cancer.

Topo2A as a prognostic biomarker for patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.

Topoisomerase 2α (Topo2A) is a key enzyme in replication. It functions as a cell proliferation and cell cycle-specific marker and it is identified mainly in the interphase nuclei of proliferating cells. Many studies have shown that Topo2A protein expression is up-regulated in various cancers including esophageal cancer. However, to date, no studies have adequately addressed the prognostic value of Topo2A in patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Therefore, we conducted a large-scale retrospective study investigating the expression of Topo2A and the clinicopathological characteristics or prognosis of ESCC patients. Eight hundred and twenty-nine specimens of ESCC from patients who underwent complete esophageal cancer resection were evaluated using an immunohistochemical assay. Among them, 404 (48.7 %) cases with a score >2 were determined to be positive for Topo2A expression. Topo2A overexpression was significantly associated with poorer differentiation (P = 0.007) and perineural invasion (P = 0.046). The median progression-free survival (PFS) of 319 patients with Topo2A-positive expression and 336 patients with Topo2A-negative expression was 19.5 and 26.5 months, respectively (P = 0.000). The overall survival (OS) in patients with and without Topo2A expression was 34.0 and 44.5 months, respectively (P = 0.002). In the multivariate analysis, Topo2A overexpression was identified as an independent prognostic factor for PFS (P = 0.001) and OS (P = 0.009). We determined that Topo2A overexpression was not only associated with poorer differentiation and perineural invasion, but it could also act as an independent risk factor for ESCC.

[Simulation of nitrate pollution in groundwater using pump-and treat optimization method].

To study the groundwater polluted by nitrate in a landfill site in Beijing, with the pump-and-treat technology, genetic algorithms (GA) and simulated annealing (SA) were used to optimize the cases of 18 planned pumping wells in the groundwater nitrate plume. The optimization method was run to determine the minimum total costs, as a result of the optimal number of wells with the optimal locations and pumping rates. The results of optimization showed that, both GA and SA optimization conditions could reach the desired results, which means that the concentration of nitrate could be reduced to 10 mg x L(-1) after 100 days pumping. However, under the GA optimization conditions, the pumping rates of well 8 and well 14 were 155 m x d(-1) and 10 m3 x d(-1), respectively. In contrast, under the SA optimization conditions, the pumping rate of well 8 was 82 m3 x d(-1), and that of well 14 was 39 m3 x d(-1). Based on the GA and SA optimized pumping rate, the total mass removal rates of nitrate were 76.89% and 84.92%, respectively. The results showed that the best location of the well was in the central axis of either midstream or downstream of the nitrate contamination plume. The pumping rate of midstream was larger than downstream. Comparison of the two optimization algorithms showed that the optimized system management cost of SA was 6.8%, which was lower than that of GA. Meanwhile, SA was easily convergent with smaller volatility.

Clinical Characteristics Related to Central Lymph Node Metastasis in cN0 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study of 916 Patients.

Background. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a form of thyroid cancer with high risk of cervical lymph node metastasis. Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and the predictive factors for occult ipsilateral central lymph node (CLN) metastasis in the patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Methods. A total of 916 PTC patients (1017 lesions) undergoing central lymph node dissection in our hospital from 2005 to 2011 were enrolled. The relationship between CLN metastasis and clinical factors such as gender, age, tumor size, tumor number, capsule invasion, and tumor location was analyzed. Results. Occult CLN metastasis was observed in 52.41% (533/1017) of PTC lesions, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age ≤ 35 years, tumor size > 1.5 cm, present capsule invasion/extracapsular invasion, and tumor located in upper/middle pole/whole lobe were risk factors of CLN metastasis. Conclusions. Tumor located in upper/middle pole/whole lobe, less than 35 years old, tumor size > 1.5 cm, and present capsule invasion/extracapsular invasion were risk factors of CLN metastasis. We recommend performing ipsilateral prophylactic CLN dissection in cN0 PTC patients.

Pim-1 acts as an oncogene in human salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Pim-1 (Provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1) belongs to the Ser/Thr kinase family and plays a pivotal role in occurrence and development of oncogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that Pim-1 phosphorylates RUNX3 and alters its subcellular localization. However, few studies have concerned the implications of Pim-1 in the salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). In this study, we aimed to clarify the function of Pim-1 in ACC in vitro. Meanwhile, we measured the levels of Pim-1 and RUNX3 in the ACC tissues. The correlations between Pim-1/RUNX3 levels and clinical parameters were also analyzed. METHODS: SACC-83 and SACC-LM cells were transfected with the Pim-1 siRNA. Pim-1 mRNA and protein expression were measured using real-time PCR and immnuoblot, respectively. Cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. Cell cycle, apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry. Effects of Pim-1 on cells' invasion were evaluated by transwell migration assay. Pim-1 and RUNX3 levels in ACC tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Pim-1 siRNA reduces cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, causes cell cycle arrest through cell cycle related proteins (Cyclin D1 and CDK4), mitochondrial depolarization, and decreases invasive ability in SACC-83 and SACC-LM cells. Pim-1 and RUNX3 levels are significantly relevant and associated with T-stage and nerve invasion in the ACC tissues. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the oncogenic role of Pim-1 in ACC. The findings also suggest that Pim-1 may serve as a neoteric therapeutic target and potential prognostic marker for ACC cancer.