TRPV1 modulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation via calcium in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Neuroinflammation plays a key role in early brain injury (EBI) of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in the development of neuroinflammation after SAH, but the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation after SAH is still unclear. TRPV1 is a non-selective calcium channel that is involved in the pathology of neuroinflammation, but its role in SAH has not been revealed. Our study showed that TRPV1 was significantly upregulated after SAH and was predominantly expressed in microglia/macrophages. Antagonism of TRPV1 was effective in ameliorating neurological impairment, brain edema, neuronal damage, and reducing the inflammatory response (evidenced by reducing the number of CD16/32 positive microglia/macrophages, inhibiting the expression of CD16, CD32, CD86, IL-1b, TNF-a and blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation). However, this effect can be abolished by NLRP3 inflammasome antagonist MCC950. In vitro experiment confirmed that TRPV1 activated NLRP3 inflammasome by increasing intracellular calcium levels. In conclusion, TRPV1 mediates EBI after SAH via calcium/NLRP3, and TRPV1 is a potential therapeutic target after SAH.

Spatial dynamics and influencing factors of carbon rebound effect in tourism transport: Evidence from the Yangtze-river delta urban agglomeration.

Economic efficiency gains in tourism are considered a crucial approach to reducing carbon emissions in the tourism sector, especially in tourism transport. However, as a significant source of carbon emissions from tourism activities, the total carbon emissions from tourism transport have not decreased proportionally to the reduction in the intensity, despite China's overall improvement in the tourism economic efficiency. This phenomenon is commonly known as the "rebound effect", which means that although technological progress can achieve emission reductions by efficiency improvement, but it can also indirectly stimulate socio-economic growth and creates new energy demands, results in expected emission reductions being offset by the additional economic growth effect. Based on the multi-source data structure, this paper takes Yangtze-river delta urban agglomeration as an example, quantitatively evaluated the carbon rebound effect of tourism transport through the rebound effect measurement model; simulated the spatiotemporal dynamics evolution pattern of the carbon rebound effect in tourism transport through the spatial kernel density; extracted and identified the dominant factors of carbon rebound effect in tourism transport by the geographic detector. The conclusions summarized as follow: (1) The overall carbon emissions from tourism transport in the agglomeration primarily exhibit a weak rebound effect. (2) The carbon rebound effect is significantly influenced by spatiotemporal factors, which impact its development trend and interaction relations. (3) The level of tourism consumption exerts the greatest influence on the carbon rebound effect of tourism transport, while environmental regulation intensity is commonly employed as a measure to address the rebound effect. This paper aims to enhance the diversity of research on carbon emissions in tourism transport while addressing the existing limitations in spatial-temporal extension. The objective is to restrain the spread of the carbon rebound effect at the regional level, thereby providing a novel decision-making reference for the sustainable development of regional tourism.

Clinical Characteristics of Congenital Atresia of the Left Main Coronary Artery in 12 Children.

Background: Left main coronary artery atresia (LMCAA) is an extremely rare abnormality and only <100 cases have been reported worldwide. We describe the clinical manifestations, imaging features, prognosis, and treatments of LMCAA who were admitted in our department, which aimed to improve the clinical diagnosis and treatments of LMCAA in children. Methods: A retrospective study identified 12 patients diagnosed with congenital left coronary artery atresia at Pediatric Heart Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from June 2010 to June 2019. The clinical characteristics, imaging data, and treatment follow-up were analyzed. Results: Among the 12 cases, 8 were boys and 4 were girls; the age of onset was 2 months to 2 years old (median age 7 months); the age of diagnosis was 7 months to 6 years old (median age 2 years and 11 months). At the initial diagnosis, there were 4 cases of respiratory tract infection with cardiac murmur, 3 cases of cardiac shadow enlargement, 1 case of recurrent syncope, 2 cases of feeding difficulty with cardiac enlargement, and 2 cases of simple cardiac murmur. In 12 cases of electrocardiogram examination, 7 cases showed pathological Q waves of lead I, AVL and v4-v6; in 12 cases of chest X-ray examination, 8 cases showed cardiac shadow enlargement; in 12 cases of our hospital's first cardiac ultrasound examination, 4 cases were definitely diagnosed, and 8 cases showed the possibility of left coronary artery abnormality; in 5 cases of cardiac coronary CT angiography examination, 2 cases were confirmed, 2 cases reported suspected left coronary artery abnormality, and 1 case did not report abnormality; All cases were definitely diagnosed in 8 cases of angiography. Follow-up was performed from 1 to 8 years; one case died suddenly, one case of syncope after activity was treated by oral medication, 3 cases received open coronary angioplasty and mitral valvuloplasty, recovered well after operation, the rest of the children were treated by oral medication, and the symptoms are stable at present. Conclusions: Left main coronary artery atresia is difficult to diagnose and can result in heart failure early in life. Timely diagnosis and reasonable treatment are the keys to improve the prognosis.