Identification of cultivated land change trajectory and analysis of its process characteristics using time-series Landsat images: A study in the overlapping areas of crop and mineral production in Yanzhou City, China.

Most studies have extensively evaluated the extent and direction of land-use change in coal mining areas; however, they did not adequately describe the time dimension of cultivated land changes at the pixel scale. In this study, we reconstructed the time-series of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) using best index slope extraction-wavelet transform (BISE-WT) filtering. The trajectory type of cultivated land change was identified based on the time-series curves of those original cultivated land pixels using the modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI), normalized differences building index (NDBI), and bare soil index (BSI). Additionally, the time nodes of cultivated land changes were detected based on the NDVI time-series data, MNDWI, NDBI, and BSI. The results showed that this clustering method had the highest overall accuracy (89.90%) and the highest kappa coefficient (86.36%) of those three methods. Moreover, the overall accuracy of different trajectory types, time node detection in cultivated land converted to other lands, and the restored cultivated land from other lands were 0.9005, 0.9438, and 0.9430, respectively, and the kappa coefficient were 0.8803, 0.9390, and 0.9371, respectively. The conversion from cultivated land to non-cultivated land mainly occurred during 1989-2005, while the reclamation of cultivated land mainly occurred in 2009, 2011, and 2013. Permanent cultivated land accounted for the highest proportion (56.26%) of the five trajectory types. The proportion of cultivated land converted to non-cultivated land to cultivated land was 18.51%, and the proportion of disturbed cultivated land that was not reclaimed was 25.23%. The proportion of cultivated land converted to the developed was the comparatively high (17.73%), and that of the restored cultivated land after conversion from cultivated land to waterbody was the lowest (0.53%). The results of this study provide a scientific basis for guiding land reclamation, ecological restoration, and evaluating sustainability in the overlapping areas of crop and mineral production.

Spatio-temporal variation of land use and ecosystem service values and their impact factors in an urbanized agricultural basin since the reform and opening of China.

The provision capacity of ecosystem services is affected by land-use/land-cover (LULC) change and biophysical and socio-economic characteristics. Studies related to ecosystem service values (ESVs) and their impact factors can provide a good reference for natural capital management. In this paper, the temporal and spatial dynamics of LULC and ESVs in the Nansihu Lake basin, China, since the reform and opening of China were analyzed by a combined method of spatial analysis and correlation analysis, and the factors that influence ESV changes were discussed. The results indicated that the main LULC changes were the enormous loss of cultivated land and rapid urban land expansion since the policy of reformation and opening in 1978. The ESVs in the basin decreased by 1.64% (1.70 × 108 US$) from 1975 to 2015, and the main impact factors of this temporal change in ESVs were the changes in waterbodies and cultivated land. Spatial patterns of ESVs were significantly influenced by socio-economic factors in the basin, such as population density and intensity of land use. This research provides alternatives and robust information for policy-making processes for the Nansihu Lake basin, and similar work can be conducted in other parts of the country.

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta inhibitor suppresses Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-induced CD40 expression by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B activation in mouse osteoblasts.

Bone-forming osteoblasts have been recently reported capable of expressing the critical co-stimulatory molecule CD40 upon exposure to bacterial infection, which supports the unappreciated role of osteoblasts in modulating bone inflammation. Recent studies highlight the anti-inflammatory potential of glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK-3ß) inhibitors; however, their effect on osteoblasts remains largely unclear. In the present study, we showed that treatment with SB216763, a highly specific GSK-3ß inhibitor, resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the mRNA and protein expression of CD40, as well as production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1ß, in the Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine osteoblastic-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of GSK-3ß remarkably represses the LPS-induced activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway by suppressing IκBα phosphorylation, NF-κBp65 nuclear translocation, and NF-κBp65 DNA binding activity. Closer investigation by immunoprecipitation assay revealed that ß-catenin can physically interact with NF-κBp65. The negative regulation effect of GSK-3ß inhibitor on CD40 expression is mediated through ß-catenin, for siRNA of ß-catenin attenuated the GSK-3ß inhibitor-induced repression of NF-κB activation and, consequently, the expression of CD40 and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated MC3T3-E1 cells. Thus our results elucidate the molecular mechanisms whereby GSK-3ß inhibitor prevents the LPS-induced CD40 expression on osteoblasts and provide supportive evidence of the potential role of GSK-3ß inhibitors in suppressing the immune function of osteoblasts in inflammatory bone diseases.

The investigation patients' general knowledge about artificial teeth prosthetics / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To get the information of patients' understand to the knowledge of artificial teeth prosthetics, provide reference for the propaganda of the prosthetic knowledge.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>500 patients were chosen as the research objects. The survey about patients' understand to the knowledge of artificial teeth prosthetics was made with a reasonable questionnaire designed by us. The questionnaire contained nine sections. The questionnaires were filled in by the patients, dispatched and received by special messengers. The information of the questionnaires was analyzed and summarized.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>477 effective questionnaires were received. Patients were more familiar with the knowledge of the opportunity to get the oral prosthetic and less familiar with the knowledge of common problems after the oral prosthetic, the curing process before the oral prosthetic and the visiting times of the ordinary cure. However, they were not familiar with the knowledge of the basic concepts of the oral prosthetic, prosthetic materials and construction of dental prosthetic restoration and announcements after the oral prosthetic. They were most unfamiliar with the knowledge of common problems in the oral prosthetic process.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The propaganda of the oral prosthetic should focus on the basic concepts of the oral prosthetic, prosthetic materials and construction of dental prosthetic restoration, common problems in the oral prosthetic process and announcements after the oral prosthetic. Meeting such problems, dentists should explain them to the patients patiently.</p>