The effect of visfatin genotype on insulin pump therapy on quality of life in patients with type I diabetes.

Diabetes is associated with an increase in other chronic diseases and an increase in mortality. The individual differences influence the treatment of this disease in pharmacokinetics and clinical responses. One of the important factors related to individual differences includes genetic factors in transmission, metabolism, and drug function. On the other hand, this disease has a significant impact on the patients' quality of life and their family. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2110385) of the visfatin gene on insulin required to maintain glucose homeostasis and to evaluate the effect of insulin pump therapy on the quality of life in type 1 diabetic patients. In this regard, this study was performed on 47 patients with type 1 diabetes. The short form of the Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire (DQOL) was used to record information. Laboratory tests also included FBS, HbA1C, G2h, serum levels of visfatin, insulin, and adiponectin. Insulin resistance (HOMA) and insulin sensitivity (QUICKI) indices were calculated. The polymorphism of the studied genotype was performed by the PCR-RFLP method. The results showed that the scores of both dimensions of quality of life, including patient care behaviors and satisfaction with the disease control after the intervention increased significantly (P <0.001). There was a significant and direct relationship between the patient's age and the duration of the disease with the score of increasing patients' quality of life. No significant differences were found between HbA1C, G2h, FBS levels, fasting insulin concentration, HOMA, and QUICKI indices. The insulin dose used to maintain glucose homeostasis at the same levels was significantly lower in the GG genotype than in other genotypes. In general, the present study results showed that insulin pump therapy and its dimensions could improve the life quality of patients with type 1 diabetes. Also, genetic evaluation of individuals helps to provide the correct and accurate dose of insulin with the help of the insulin pump for these patients to increase their quality of life as much as possible.

Pathological evaluation of immune system in drug safety study / 药物评价研究

The immune system is a complex system involving multiple organs,and it is vulnerable to age,gender,environment and other factors.For a variation normal physiological range,it is a great challenge to evaluate drug-induced immunotoxicity in preclinical safety study.Histomorphologic assessment of the immune system is a recognized cornerstone in the identification of immunotoxicity at present.In this paper,the principles of pathological evaluation for immune system,and pathological evaluation for important immune organs including thymus,spleen,lymph nodes are discussed briefly,so that it is intended to assist toxicity pathologists in the accurate and consistent characterization of intended and unintended drug-induced alterations of the immune system.

Toxicological pathology in preclinical drug safety evaluation / 药物评价研究

Toxicological pathology is a morphological elucidatet ion of tissue damage caused by drug toxicity,including damage type,location,severity grade and prognosis.It provides objective and accurate data to support preclinical drug safety evaluation.Therefore,toxicological pathology plays an important role in drug safety evaluation,and the pathologic data or conclusion often determines the termination or continuation in many drug development projects.In this paper,the characteristic of toxicological pathology,standardized management,the development of new techniques including in situ hybridization,laser scanning cytometry and laser capture microdissection,and related problems in pathology are discussed briefly.