Funding map using paragraph embedding based on semantic diversity.

Maps of science representing the structure of science can help us understand science and technology (S&T) development. Studies have thus developed techniques for analyzing research activities' relationships; however, ongoing research projects and recently published papers have difficulty in applying inter-citation and co-citation analysis. Therefore, in order to characterize what is currently being attempted in the scientific landscape, this paper proposes a new content-based method of locating research projects in a multi-dimensional space using the recent word/paragraph embedding techniques. Specifically, for addressing an unclustered problem associated with the original paragraph vectors, we introduce paragraph vectors based on the information entropies of concepts in an S&T thesaurus. The experimental results show that the proposed method successfully formed a clustered map from 25,607 project descriptions of the 7th Framework Programme of EU from 2006 to 2016 and 34,192 project descriptions of the National Science Foundation from 2012 to 2016.

Effect of anesthetics on the self-sustained oscillation in an artificial membrane induced by repetitive conformational change of DOPH molecules between hydrophilic and hydrophobic phases.

PURPOSE: The mechanism of anesthesia was approached from a study of an artificial excitable membrane that well reproduced the active electrical properties of the nerve membrane. METHODS: Self-sustained oscillations of the membrane potential in a model membrane in which dioleyl phosphate (DOPH) was infiltrated into the pores of a millipore filter were utilized to investigate the effect of volatile anesthetic agents on the repetitive conformational change of DOPH molecules between hydrophilic multibilayers and hydrophobic oil droplets, while this process was coupled with diffusion of K+ across the membrane placed between KCl aqueous solutions. RESULTS: The period of the self-sustained oscillations increased due to the addition of volatile anesthetics to the aqueous solutions, and there were critical values of concentrations of volatile anesthetics above which the self-sustained oscillations disappeared. CONCLUSION: The volatile anesthetic agents affected the hydrophobic oil droplets of the DOPH molecules and impeded their repetitive conformational change between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic phases, just as local anesthetics had been reported to do.