Research on the signaling pathway and the related mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine intervention in chronic gastritis of the "inflammation-cancer transformation".

Objective: The aim of this study is to uncover the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments for chronic gastritis and their potential targets and pathways involved in the "inflammation-cancer" conversion in four stages. These findings can provide further support for future research into TCM and its active components. Materials and methods: The literature search encompassed PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP, employing keywords such as "chronic gastritis", "gastric cancer", "traditional Chinese medicine", "medicinal herb", "Chinese herb", and "natural plant". Results: Herbal remedies may regulate the signaling pathways linked to the advancement of chronic gastritis. Under the multi-target and multi-pathway independent or combined reaction, the inflammatory microenvironment may be enhanced, leading to repair of damaged gastric mucosal cells, buffering the progress of mucosal atrophic degeneration via the decrease of inflammatory factor expression, inhibition of oxidative stress-induced damage, facilitation of microvascular neovascularization in the gastric mucosa and regulation of the processes of gastric mucosal cell differentiation and proliferation. Simultaneously, the decreased expression of inflammatory factors may impact the expression of associated oncogenes and regulate the malignant proliferation of cells, thereby achieving the treatment and prevention objectives of gastric cancer through the reduction of cell metastasis and apoptosis. Conclusion: Chinese medicine formulations and individual drugs can be utilised at various stages of the "inflammation-cancer" progression of chronic gastritis to prevent and treat gastric cancer in a multi-level, multi-targeted, and multi-directional fashion. This can provide guidance for the accurate application of medicines during different stages of "inflammation-cancer" transformation. New insights into the mechanism of inflammation-cancer transformation and the development of novel drugs for chronic gastritis can be gained through an extensive investigation of TCM treatment in this condition.

Relationship between Wound Age and Serum Marker Metabolites of Rats Skin Incised Wound / 法医学杂志

Objective To observe the metabolomics changes of serum after skin incision of rats and to determine the wound age of skin incision. Methods A rat skin incision model was established, 21 SD rats were divided into 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, 24 h after skin incision groups and the control group, then blood was taken from rats in the experimental groups at the corresponding time points after injury, and taken from the control group directly. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） technology was used to detect serum metabolites and screen marker metabolites, then orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） model was used to establish a regression model for the relationship between marker metabolite content and wound age to determine wound age of skin. Results GC-MS was used to detect the serum collected, and 21 marker metabolites were obtained through initial screening, and 4 marker metabolites were further analyzed and screened using multivariate statistical analysis methods. There was no correspondence between the change rule of the serum content and wound age, therefore it cannot be used directly to determine wound age. OPLS model could be used to obtain regression models of the content and wound age of 21 marker metabolites and 4 marker metabolites, both of which can determine wound age, but the prediction accuracy of the regression model of 21 marker metabolites was significantly higher. Conclusion Using metabolomics to establish a regression model of the metabolite content and wound age has the potential to be applied to skin incision wound age determination.

Sequential Changes of Serum Biomarkers after Skeletal Muscle Contusion in Rats / 法医学杂志

Objective To screen serum biomarkers after skeletal muscle contusion in rats based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） metabolomics technology, and support vector machine （SVM） regression model was established to estimate skeletal muscle contusion time. Methods The 60 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into experimental group （n=50）, control group （n=5） and validation group （n=5）. The rats in the experimental group and the validation group were used to establish the model of skeletal muscle contusion through free fall method, the rats in experimental group were executed at 0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 96 h, 144 h and 240 h, respectively, and the rats in validation group were executed at 192 h, while the rats in the control group were executed after three days' regular feeding. The skeletal muscles were stained with hematoxylin-eosin （HE）. The serum metabolite spectrum was detected by GC-MS, and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） pattern recognition method was used to discriminate the data and select biomarkers. The SVM regression model was established to estimate the contusion time. Results The 31 biomarkers were initially screened by metabolomics method and 6 biomarkers were further selected. There was no regularity in the changes of the relative content of the 6 biomarkers with the contusion time and the SVM regression model can be successfully established according to the data of 6 biomarkers and the 31 biomarkers. Compared with the injury time ［（55.344±7.485） h］ estimated from the SVM regression model based on the data of 6 biomarkers, the injury time ［（195.781±1.629） h］ estimated from the SVM regression model based on the data of 31 biomarkers was closer to the actual value. Conclusion The SVM regression model based on metabolites data can be used for the contusion time estimation of skeletal muscles.

Emergency endoscopic treatment in elderly patients with non-varicose upper gastrointestinal bleeding / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate endoscopic treatment and its effects on non-varicose upper gastrointestinal bleeding in elderly patients.Methods:From June 2018 to September 2019, 86 elderly patients with non-varicose upper gastrointestinal bleeding treated in our hospital were enrolled and underwent endoscopic hemostasis.They were divided into the observation group(n=45, receiving endoscopic hemostasis combined with somatostatin treatment)and the control group(n=41, only receiving endoscopic hemostasis treatment). Clinical effects were evaluated in the two groups.Results:The immediate hemostasis rate was higher and the rebleeding rate within 1 week was lower in the observation group than in the control group(95.6% or 43/45 vs.80.5% or 33/41, 11.1% or 5/45 vs.29.3% or 12/41, χ2=4.740 and 4.460, P=0.030 and 0.035). Arrhythmias, multiple organ failure, and death during treatment occurred in 1 case, 0 cases, and 0 cases in the observation group and 4 cases, 2 cases, and 1 case in the control group, respectively.The incidence of complications was lower in the observation group than in the control group(2.2% or 1/45 vs.17.1% or 7/41, χ2=5.608, P=0.018). Conclusions:Endoscopic hemostasis combined with somatostatin treatment can not only achieve satisfactory hemostatic effects, but also reduce the incidence of rebleeding in elderly patients with non-varicose upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and thus plays an important role in alleviating suffering and ensuring safety in elderly patients.

Quercetin promotes macrophage polarization and function recovery after spinal cord injury in mice / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the effects of quercetin with a special focus on their effect on macrophage po-larization after SCI.Methods Adult C57 mice underwent T10 spinal cord clip compression injury,then were ran-domly divided into SCI group and quercetin group.1-14 d after SCI received quercetin by intraperitoneal injection(once a day)in quercetin group,and received same normal saline in the SCI group.3,7 and 14 d after SCI, the lesion section of SCI group and Quercetin group stained by immunofluorescent:M1 macrophages pheno-type cell labeled with iNOS, and M2 macrophages phenotype cell labeled with Arg1.The mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in lesion site was detected by RT-PCR.The motor function was evaluated by Basso mouse scale(BMS)after SCI.Results Compare with SCI group,the expression of arginase-1(associated with M2 mac-rophage phenotype)significantly increased in quercetin group(P<0.05).The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase-iNOS(M1 phenotype marker)was down-regulated as demonstrated using immunohisto-chemistry(P<0.05).Furthermore,the production of NOS2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha was significantly reduced whereas the level of interleukin 10 and TGF-β were elevated in quercetin group(P<0.05).The time course of functional recov-ery revealed a gradual recovery in the subacute phase in quercetin group, little improvement was observed in SCI group(P<0.05).Conclusions It is found that quercetin may promote the shift of M1 to M2 phenotype and amelio-rate the inflammatory microenvironment.Furthermore,the roles of quercetin in immunity modulation may enhance neuroprotective effects and partially contribute to the locomotor functional recovery after SCI.

TIPE2 expression is increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

We investigated the changes in mRNA and protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) and PEST-containing nuclear protein (PCNP) in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 54 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the spleens of model mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) to generate new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Expression levels of both TIPE2 and PCNP were higher in RA patients and CIA mice than in their respective controls. They were also higher in the 32 patients with active RA than in the 22 with inactive RA (P < 0.001 for both). After comprehensively treating patients with active RA with anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic drugs for 6 months, they were stable, and there was no difference in TIPE2 levels between the treated patients and those with inactive RA (P = 0.85). In addition, TIPE2 mRNA levels in peripheral blood correlated positively with PCNP (R2 = 0.744, P = 0.001). The DAS28 score correlated positively with peripheral blood TIPE2 levels in the RA patients (R2 = 0.945, P = 0.001). These findings suggest TIPE2 expression increases with the severity of RA.

Application of“enhanced recovery after surgery”in the perioperative period of total knee arthroplasty / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Fast track surgery, also cal ed enhanced recovery after surgery, is a series of optimal measures adopted during the perioperative period on the basis of evidence-based medicine, to reduce the physical and mental trauma brought to the patient and accelerate their recovery. It has become the research focus of orthopedic clinic as the surgery and anesthesia skil s are improved a lot in recent years, especial y the articular surgery, which has been widely used in clinics. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the clinical study of the application of optimal measures in joint replacement surgery both at home and abroad in recent years. METHODS:The first author searched related articles in PubMed and Chinese Journal Ful-text Database from January 1997 to September 2016. The key words were“joint replacement, enhanced recovery after surgery, multi-mode analgesia, diet management, steroid hormones”. 81 articles were found at last and one monograph was included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) We found that the recovery plan reduced the hospital stays of the patients from 4-12 days to 1-3 days, including pre-operative health education, shortening fasting and water-depriving duration before surgery, super-anesthesia before surgery and do not place catheter;adopting general anesthesia and appropriate adductor canal to relieve the pain, and stopping bleeding using tranexamic acid during operation;multi-mode analgesia, faster function exercise after anesthesia recovery, and drinking water in early phase after surgery during the perioperative period of joint replacement surgery conducted by the cooperation of surgeon, anesthetist, nurse and nutritionist. There were no significant improvements of postoperative complications rate and rehospitalization rate. (2) The research found that, enhanced recovery after surgery is suitable for most of the patients receiving joint replacement surgery, including those in advanced age, combined heart and lung disease before surgery, type 2 diabetes and smoking and drinking before surgery.

Preliminary analysis of miRNA expression profile of chemosensitivity for TPF regimen in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to analyze the screened miRNAs related to the chemosensitivity for the TPF regimen of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma by miRNA array, and provide a set of miRNAs that may be useful for the development of novel diagnostic markers and more effective therapeutic strategies from the screened miRNAs.METHODSA total number of 21 patients who underwent TPF induction chemotherapy for primary hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were recruited for miRNA array analysis. 12 patients are sensitive to chemotherapy, and 9 patients are not. Moreover, the selected putative regulated miRNAs were also validated by RT-PCR in another 24 patients (14 patients are sensitive to chemotherapy, and others are not).RESULTSThere were 24 miRNA significantly differencial to the sensitivity to chemotherapy, and 6 miRNAs were up-regulated in the TPF group while 18 miRNA were down-regulated (P<0.05). To identify typical miRNA, mirfocus 3.0 database selected four miRNAs hsa-miR-211-3p, hsa-miR-4253, hsa-miR-4443, and hsa-miR-193b-3p, which were significant down-regulated in TPF-sensitive group. QRT-PCR further validated that only three miRNA (hsa-miR-4253、hsa-miR-4443、hsa-miR-193b-3p) were under-expressed in TPF-sensitive group of another 24 tissue samples (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONMiRNA hsa-miR-193b-3p, hsa-miR-4253, hsa-miR-4443 were identified in TPF-sensitive tissues by microarrays, and further validated by RT-PCR. These down-regulated miRNAs may act as novel biomarkers to classify TPF sensitivity of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients and will contribute to the understanding of the molecular basis of the chemosensitivity in the disease.

Array profiling identified MiRNAs dysregulation in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze the screened miRNAs related to tumorigenesis using miRNA array in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and provide a set of miRNAs that may be useful for the development of novel diagnostic markers and/or more effective therapeutic strategies from the screened miRNAs in LSCC. METHODS A total number of 5 patients who underwent surgery for primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were recruited for miRNA array analysis. LSCC tissues compared with corresponding adjacent non-neoplastic tissues were analyzed by the Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA Array 3.0 to screen effective miRNAs, and the raw dataset had been submitted to Gene Expression Omnibus. Then mirfocus 3.0 database was adopted to analyze putative regulated miRNAs related to MCM4, a gene related to tumorigenesis we had studied previously in LSCC. Moreover, the selected putative regulated miRNAs were also validated by qRT-PCR in another 21 patients diagnosed as LSCC. RESULTS Analyzed by the miRNAs arrays, there were 127 miRNAs significantly related to tumorigenesis, and 78 showed a higher expression in tumor than in non-tumor tissue while 49 presented the contrasting pattern (P<0.01). Then analyzed by mirfocus 3.0 database, there were 2 putative regulated miRNAs, hsa-miR-24-3p and hsa-miR-183-5p, related to the expression of MCM4. Another miRNA we should focus on was hsa-miR-30a-5p, which was down-expressed obviously analyzed by the miRNA array. The expression of the 3 putative regulated miRNAs were also validated by qRT-PCR in another 21 patients, and the result was the same with that in miRNA array (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The 3 putative miRNAs based on miRNA array analysis, hsa-miR-24-3p, hsa-miR-183-5p and hsa-miR-30a-5p, could be considered as potential diagnostic and therapeutic markers in LSCC. The result will contribute to the understanding of the molecular basis of LSCC and help to improve the treatment.

Clinical research progress of Boston type l keratoprosthesis / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

?Boston Type l keratoprosthesis is currently widely used. ln this article, the indication, number of cases, best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , retention, and complications in all the international published case reports will be sum up; then the main post-operative complications and their respective treatments one by one, which include retrospective membrane, glaucoma, infection will be introduced.

Finite element analysis on unconfined compression of cartilage tissues / 医用生物力学

Objective To analyze the load-bearing mechanism and stress relaxation properties of the articular cartilage (AC) through finite element simulation and experimental validation. Methods By comprehensively considering the solid phase of the matrix, the liquid phase of the pore and the reinforced phase of the collagen fibrils in AC, as well as the dilatation dependent permeability of AC, a fibril reinforced poroelastic (FRPE) model was built including changes of void ratio with subsurface depth of the AC. Based on the proposed model, and by utilizing ABAQUS software and FORTRAN language, the finite element analysis (FEA) on unconfined ramp compression of AC was conducted. The equilibrium modulus of porcine cartilage tissues under unconfined compression was measured by a self-designed biomechanical property measuring system, and the results between the FEA and the unconfined ramp compression test of the AC were compared. Results The liquid pore pressurization could last about 80 seconds and contributed up to 90 % of the total stress at the middle point of the test specimen when it was compressed at a strain rate of 0.45%/s. Conclusions The FEA on the unconfined ramp compression of AC based on the FRPE model can quantitatively evaluate the load bearing capacity of the solid and liquid phase, respectively, changed with different strain and loading time. Simulation analysis combined with the unconfined ramp compression test results facilitates the evaluation on mechanics properties of the cartilage with more accuracy.

Effect of donor age on prognosis of living donor kidney transplantation / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To assess the impact of donor age on the outcome of living donor kidney transplantation.Methods A total of 217 patients undergoing living donor kidney transplantation during 2004 to 2011 were enrolled in our retrospective study.The recipients were divided into different groups according to their donors' age or the age gaps between donors and recipients.A follow-up survey was conducted to evaluate the serum creatinine level and the incidence of complications after transplantation.Results As the donors age grew,the recipients' serum creatinine increased.The serum creatinine levels of patients with older donors(age gap＞5 years) at 1 month[(143.5±42.1) μmol/L vs (114.4±30.4) μmol/L],3 months (139.9±36.6)μmol/L vs (110.6±33.3) μ mol/L],1 year [(132.1±22.1) μmol/L vs (105.5±35.9) μmol/L] and 2years (132.0±45.4) μmol/L vs (97.2±17.5) μ mol/L] after operation were significantly higher than those with younger donors(age gap＜-5)(P＜0.05).The incidence of acute rejection (19.4％ vs 9.7％,P＜0.05) and chronic rejection (9.7％ vs 1.4％,P＜0.05) was significantly higher in the group with donors older than 50 years old than those with donors younger than 50 years old.But no significant difference was observed in the survival of the grafts or the recipients.Age gap between the donor and recipient was an independent risk factor for abnormal serum creatinine level at 2 years after transplantation (OR=5.010,P＜0.05).Conclusions Donor age is an important impact factor on the outcome of living kidney transplantation.Recipients of older living donation have poorer Prognosis.

EFFECTS OF SOME SALT-TOLERANT FUNGI IN DISSOLBING PHOSPHATE ROCK UNDER DIFFERENT SALT AND ALKALINE / 微生物学通报

Four specific salt-tolerant fungi for dissolving phosphate rock (FM) w ere isolated from the coastal saline soils. It was found that the biomass and a b ility to release phosphate from the materials decreased with increasing of the N aCl content. During pH7.0～8.5, the biomass and ability of to release phospho rus from the materials of FM1 decreased sharply with pH rising, but the FM2 and FM4 decreased not considerably, optimal pH for FM3 was at pH8.5. At pH9.0, the bi oma ss and ability of to release phosphorus from the materials decreased quickly. F M2 was stable at alkaline and high salt content condition.