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1.
Farm Hosp ; 38(3): 231-47, 2014 May 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24951909

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the efficacy and safety of the new direct antiviral agents (DAA) that will become the new therapeutic arsenal for the treatment of hepatitis C. METHODS: We carried out a research in the electronic database with the following criteria: phase II and III clinical trials (CT) published until February 2014. The Mesh term used was "chronic hepatitis C" and "therapy".Studies with boceprevir or telaprevir were excluded. For the analysis of efficacy, we evaluated the rate of Sustained Viral Response(SVR), and for the safety, side effects and safety-related discontinuations were analyzed. RESULTS: We included 24 CT that include associations with ribavirine(RBV) with or without peginterferon (PegINF) and associations of several DAA. The results associated of daclatasvir with PegINF and RBV have not been very successful. On the contrary, sofosbuvir presents activity in all viral genotypes . Sofosbuvir may be administered in free PegINF regimens. Around 90% of naïve patients achieve sustained virological response (RVS) and 80% in previously treated. In relation to second wave of NS3/4A protease inhibitors, simeprevir has achieved RVS in 90% of naïve patients and close to 80% in previously treated.The main combination of DAA were sofosbuvir and daclatasvir and sofosbuvir and ledipasvir. Both have achieved SVR in 100% of patients who previously had virological failure after receiving a protease inhibitor regimen with boceprevir or telaprevir. CONCLUSIONS: The new generation of AAD for the treatment of hepatitis C will lead to higher response rates in all subtypes of patients with lower complexity regimens and better tolerated.


Objetivos: Analizar la eficacia y seguridad de los nuevos agentesantivirales directos (AAD) que formaran parte del arsenal terapéuticopara el tratamiento de la hepatitis C.Método: Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos electrónicaPubMed, de artículos publicados Febrero de 2014 quecumplieran los siguientes criterios: ensayos clínicos (EC) en faseII o III y cuyos objetivos fueran evaluar la eficacia y seguridad denuevas generaciones de inhibidores de la proteasa (IP) frente alVHC, excluyendo con boceprevir y telaprevir.Resultados: Se incluyeron de 24 EC que incluyen asociacionesde AAD con ribavirina (RBV) y con o sin peginterferon (PegINF)y asociaciones de varios AAD. Los resultados de daclatasvircon PegINF y RBV no han sido muy satisfactorios. Por el contrario,sofosbuvir es activo en todos los genotipos virales y permiteser administrado en regímenes libres de PegINF. Alrededordel 90% de los pacientes naïve alcanzan respuesta viralsostenida (RVS) , y no llegan al 80% en pretratados. En cuantoa la segunda generación de IP NS3/4A, destacar a simeprevir,con respuestas próximas al 90% en pacientes naïve y cercanasal 80% en pretratados. Entre las combinaciones de AAD evaluadas,sofosbuvir y daclatasvir y sofosbuvir y ledipasvir alcanzanel 100% de respuesta en no respondedores a triple terapiacon boceprevir y telaprevir.Conclusiones: Las nuevas generaciones de AAD frente al VHCvan a suponer un aumento de las tasas de curación en todoslos subtipos de pacientes, a través de regímenes más sencillosy mejor tolerados.


Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepacivirus/enzimologia , Humanos , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores
2.
Farm. hosp ; 38(3): 231-247, mayo-jun. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-125342

RESUMO

Objetivos: Analizar la eficacia y seguridad de los nuevos agentes antivirales directos (AAD) que formaran parte del arsenal terapéutico para el tratamiento de la hepatitis C. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos electrónica PubMed, de artículos publicados Febrero de 2014 que cumplieran los siguientes criterios: ensayos clínicos (EC) en faseII o III y cuyos objetivos fueran evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de nuevas generaciones de inhibidores de la proteasa (IP) frente al VHC, excluyendo con boceprevir y telaprevir. Resultados: Se incluyeron de 24 EC que incluyen asociaciones de AAD con ribavirina (RBV) y con o sin peginterferon (PegINF)y asociaciones de varios AAD. Los resultados de daclatasvir con PegINF y RBV no han sido muy satisfactorios. Por el contrario, sofosbuvir es activo en todos los genotipos virales y permite ser administrado en regímenes libres de PegINF. Alrededor del 90% de los pacientes naïve alcanzan respuesta viralsostenida (RVS) , y no llegan al 80% en pretratados. En cuanto a la segunda generación de IP NS3/4A, destacar a simeprevir, con respuestas próximas al 90% en pacientes naïve y cercanas al 80% en pretratados. Entre las combinaciones de AAD evaluadas, sofosbuvir y daclatasvir y sofosbuvir y ledipasvir alcanzan el 100% de respuesta en no respondedores a triple terapia con boceprevir y telaprevir. Conclusiones: Las nuevas generaciones de AAD frente al VHC van a suponer un aumento de las tasas de curación en todos los subtipos de pacientes, a través de regímenes más sencillos y mejor tolerados (AU)


Objectives: To analyze the efficacy and safety of the new direct antiviral agents (DAA) that will become the new therapeutic arsenal for the treatment of hepatitis C. Methods: We carried out a research in the electronic database with the following criteria: phase II and III clinical trials (CT) published until February 2014. The Mesh term used was “chronic hepatitis C” and “therapy”. Studies with boceprevir or telaprevir were excluded. For the analysis of efficacy, we evaluated the rate of Sustained Viral Response(SVR), and for the safety, side effects and safety-related discontinuations were analyzed. Results: We included 24 CT that include associations with ribavirine(RBV) with or without peginterferon (PegINF) and associations of several DAA. The results associated of daclatasvir with PegINF and RBV have not been very successful. On the contrary, sofosbuvir presents activity in all viral genotypes . Sofosbuvir may be administered in free PegINF regimens. Around 90% of naïve patients achieve sustained virological response (RVS) and 80% in previously treated. In relation to second wave of NS3/4A protease inhibitors, simeprevir has achieved RVS in 90% of naïve patients and close to 80% in previously treated. The main combination of DAA were sofosbuvir and daclatasvir and sofosbuvir and ledipasvir. Both have achieved SVR in 100% of patients who previously had virological failure after receiving a protease inhibitor regimen with boceprevir or telaprevir. Conclusions: The new generation of AAD for the treatment of hepatitis C will lead to higher response rates in all subtypes of patients with lower complexity regimens and better tolerated (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Avaliação de Medicamentos/tendências , Aplicação de Novas Drogas em Teste , Inibidores de Proteases/farmacocinética
3.
Farm Hosp ; 38(2): 89-99, 2014 Apr 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24669892

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To describe the structure, process and outcomes with which hospital pharmacist performs health care activity, teaching and research about Pharmaceutical Care (PC) in HIV patients in Spain. METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional and multicenter study carried out between November 2011-February 2012 in spanish hospitals. The inclusion criteria were: hospitals pharmacy services that dispensed antiretroviral medication to HIV patients. The questionnaire had 41 questions structured in 9 groups: hospital type and person conducting the survey, structure and resources, health care activities, interventions, communication with the rest of the multidisciplinary team, adherence, and quality records, management and pharmacoeconomy and teaching and research. Descriptive analysis was performed. To analyze the existence of statistically significant relationships, we applied fisher test, chi-square or logistic regression. RESULTS: 86 hospitals completed the survey. In 93%, PC consultation was not classified by pathologies. 27.9% provided continuing PC to all patients. Adherence was determined regularly or when pharmacist suspected poor adherence (57.5 %). 20% of hospital s teaching had a program that allowed a high level of training in PC to HIV patient. 52,3% of participating centers had published scientific articles related to HIV. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmaceutical care to HIV patients in Spain need to adapt to a new situation. For this, hospital pharmacists have to consider several issues such as chronicity, comorbidity, incorporation of new technologies and the stratification of patients in order to make it more efficient.


Objetivos: Describir la estructura, proceso y resultados con la que se lleva a cabo la actividad asistencial, docente e investigadora en torno a la Atención Farmacéutica (AF) al paciente VIH en los hospitales españoles. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal, pragmático y multicéntrico realizado entre Noviembre 2011-Febrero 2012. Participaron servicios de farmacia de hospitales españoles que dispensaran medicación antirretroviral para pacientes VIH. El cuestionario presentaba 41 preguntas estructuradas en 9 bloques: tipo de hospital y persona que realiza la encuesta, estructura y recursos disponibles, actividad asistencial, intervenciones, comunicación con el resto del equipo multidisciplinar, adherencia, registros y calidad, gestión y farmacoeconomía y docencia e investigación. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se aplicó la prueba de fisher, Chi cuadrado o regresión logística para analizar la existencia de relaciones estadísticamente significativas. Resultados: 86 hospitales cumplimentaron la encuesta. En el 93%, la consulta de AF era compartida con el resto de patologías. El 27,9% proporcionaba AF continuada a todos los pacientes. El 57,5% determinaban la adherencia periódicamente o en casos de sospecha de mala adhesión. El 20% de los hospitales docentes tenían un programa que permitía un alto nivel de formación en AF al paciente VIH. El 52,3% de los hospitales no habían publicado artículos científicos relacionados con el VIH. Conclusiones: La AF al paciente VIH+ en España debe adaptarse a un nuevo escenario donde se han de considerar aspectos como la cronicidad, la pluripatología, la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías y la necesidad de estratificación de los pacientes para hacerla más eficiente.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Transversais , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Humanos , Farmacêuticos , Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar , Espanha/epidemiologia , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
Farm. hosp ; 36(5): 410-423, sept.-oct. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-105964

RESUMO

Objetivo: Analizar la perspectiva de médicos, farmacéuticos y enfermeros sobre la importancia de diferentes actividades de apoyo a la adherencia antirretroviral e identificar las dificultades que se encuentran para poder incorporar las recomendaciones establecidas. Método Estudio observacional, transversal y con componente analítico. A partir de las recomendaciones 2008 de GESIDASEFH-PNS sobre mejora de la adherencia se diseñaron 3 cuestionarios: «Medidas ideales» (MI), «Medidas reales» (MR) y «Problemas de apoyo a la adherencia» (CPA). Se determinó el índice alfa de Cronbach para analizar la fiabilidad de los cuestionarios, así como coeficientes de concordancia entre las escalas MI y MR. Se aplicaron las pruebas de chi cuadrado o Montecarlo para analizar la relación entre proveedores de salud y los ítems de los 3 cuestionarios. Resultados Participaron 58 profesionales sanitarios. El porcentaje de respuesta obtenido fue del 76,3%. El índice alfa de Cronbach para los cuestionarios MI, MR y CPA fueron 0,852, 0,933 y 0,818, respectivamente. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase obtenido fue 0,280. Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en las comparaciones múltiples de los cuestionarios MI y MR entre médicos y farmacéuticos. En el estudio de relaciones también se encontraron diferencias significativas en una de las respuestas al cuestionario MI, 3 al MR y 5 al CPA, principalmente debidas a la falta de tiempo y de formación. Conclusiones Se encontraron diferencias en la perspectiva que los diferentes proveedores de la salud tienen sobre las medidas de apoyo a la adherencia, siendo la falta de tiempo y de formación las principales causas que justifican esta desigualdad (AU)


Objective: To analyse physicians’, pharmacists’ and nurses’ perspectives on the importance of different antiretroviral treatment adherence support activities and identify the main obstacles to meeting established recommendations which health professionals encounter. Method: Cross-sectional observational and analytical study. Three questionnaires were designed based on 2008 GESIDA/SEFH/PNS recommendations for improving treatment adherence: ‘‘ideal measures’’ (IM), ‘‘real measures’’ (RM) and ‘‘adherence support problems’’ (ASP).Cronbach’s Alpha index was determined to analyse questionnaire reliability and correlation coefficients between the MI and MR scales. We applied the Chi-square test or Monte Carlo method to analyse the correlation between health providers and items on the three questionnaires. Results: Participants consisted of 58 health professionals. The response rate was 76%. The Cronbach Alpha indices for the IM, RM and ASP questionnaires were 0.852, 0.933 and 0.818respectively. The resulting intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.280. Significant differences were found for multiple comparisons of IM and RM questionnaires among physicians and pharmacists. The analysis of relationships between providers also found significant differences for one of the answers on the IM questionnaire, three on the RM and five on the ASP. Conclusions: We observed that several health professionals have different perspectives on measures of support for treatment adherence, with differences arising mainly due to lack of time and training


Assuntos
Humanos , Antirretrovirais/uso terapêutico , /estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Cooperação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos
5.
Farm Hosp ; 36(5): 410-23, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22440519

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyse physicians', pharmacists' and nurses' perspectives on the importance of different antiretroviral treatment adherence support activities and identify the main obstacles to meeting established recommendations which health professionals encounter. METHOD: Cross-sectional observational and analytical study. Three questionnaires were designed based on 2008 GESIDA/SEFH/PNS recommendations for improving treatment adherence: "ideal measures" (IM), "real measures" (RM) and "adherence support problems" (ASP). Cronbach's Alpha index was determined to analyse questionnaire reliability and correlation coefficients between the MI and MR scales. We applied the Chi-square test or Monte Carlo method to analyse the correlation between health providers and items on the three questionnaires. RESULTS: Participants consisted of 58 health professionals. The response rate was 76%. The Cronbach Alpha indices for the IM, RM and ASP questionnaires were 0.852, 0.933 and 0.818 respectively. The resulting intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.280. Significant differences were found for multiple comparisons of IM and RM questionnaires among physicians and pharmacists. The analysis of relationships between providers also found significant differences for one of the answers on the IM questionnaire, three on the RM and five on the ASP. CONCLUSIONS: We observed that several health professionals have different perspectives on measures of support for treatment adherence, with differences arising mainly due to lack of time and training.


Assuntos
Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/normas , Adesão à Medicação , Adulto , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Farmacêuticos , Médicos , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários
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