RESUMO
La educación para la salud (EpS) en el paciente trasplantado y su familia es fundamental dada la importancia de promover un adecuado autocuidado en esta nueva etapa de la vida. La unidad de cuidados intensivos ofrece múltiples oportunidades a la enfermera para la promoción activa de la salud ya que en esta se puede iniciar el proceso educativo donde la interacción enfermera-paciente-familia es constante. La EpS eficaz del paciente trasplantado engloba tres dimensiones: los conocimientos -información relacionada con el autocuidado para llevar a cabo un estilo de vida saludable y para reducir la ansiedad del paciente y familia; las habilidades relacionadas con el poder y saber hacer, donde adquiere importancia la familia; y por último, las actitudes-ambivalentes, vivenciadas por el paciente trasplantado. El objetivo del trabajo es conocer el nivel de desarrollo de la EpS en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos para los pacientes críticos trasplantados y sus familias. Para ello, se desarrolla una revisión bibliográfica no sistemática en Pubmed y CINHAL. Como conclusiones, se destaca que el desempeño de la competencia enfermera de EpS en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos es importante para promover estilos de vida adecuados a las necesidades cognitivas, afectivas y psicomotoras del paciente trasplantado. Su puesta en práctica conlleva efectos positivos en los resultados clínicos del paciente, en la disminución de la morbimortalidad, costes y recursos sanitarios
Health Education (HE) is extremely important in transplant patients and their families in order to promote suitable self-care in this new stage of life. Intensive Care Units offer various opportunities by nurses in order to improve their Health Education. This process could start in this unit where the interaction between nurse and family is constant. The HE of transplant patient includes three dimensions: Knowledge: information about self-care in order to have a healthy way of life, and getting some information on how to reduce anxiety in patients and their families; Skills: as regards the abilities to properly apply the Health Education, where the families are really important; and finally Attitudes: ambivalent attitudes that are experienced by transplant patients. The objective is to describe the level of development of HE for critical transplant patients and their families from Intensive Care Units. A non-systematic literature review was performed in Pubmed and CINHAL data bases. In conclusion, it is emphasised that the skill of the HE nurse in an Intensive Care Units is important to promote lifestyles appropriate to the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor needs of transplant patients. Its implementation entails positive effects on clinical outcomes of the patient, decreased morbidity and mortality, costs, and health resources
Assuntos
Humanos , Transplante de Órgãos/enfermagem , Autocuidado/métodos , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Educação em Saúde/métodos , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Relações Profissional-FamíliaRESUMO
Health Education (HE) is extremely important in transplant patients and their families in order to promote suitable self-care in this new stage of life. Intensive Care Units offer various opportunities by nurses in order to improve their Health Education. This process could start in this unit where the interaction between nurse and family is constant. The HE of transplant patient includes three dimensions: Knowledge: information about self-care in order to have a healthy way of life, and getting some information on how to reduce anxiety in patients and their families; Skills: as regards the abilities to properly apply the Health Education, where the families are really important; and finally Attitudes: ambivalent attitudes that are experienced by transplant patients. The objective is to describe the level of development of HE for critical transplant patients and their families from Intensive Care Units. A non-systematic literature review was performed in Pubmed and CINHAL data bases. In conclusion, it is emphasised that the skill of the HE nurse in an Intensive Care Units is important to promote lifestyles appropriate to the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor needs of transplant patients. Its implementation entails positive effects on clinical outcomes of the patient, decreased morbidity and mortality, costs, and health resources.
