Industry 5.0 concepts and enabling technologies, towards an enhanced conservation practice: systematic literature review protocol.

Industry 4.0 has led to digitalization and an increase in industrial activity. However, it has recently been recognized as inadequate for achieving European goals by 2030. Therefore, a novel Industry 5.0 paradigm has emerged in response to the unexpected negative effects caused by its predecessor. Industry 5.0 is mainly based on three foundational ideas: i) human-centrism, ii) resilience, and iii) sustainability. Human-centric solutions and human-machine-interaction; bio-inspired technologies and smart materials; real time-based digital twins and simulation; cyber safe data transmission, storage, and analysis; artificial intelligence; and energy efficiency and trustworthy autonomy have been recognized as the enabling technologies of this transformative vision. This paper outlines the protocol adopted to conduct a systematic literature review with the aim of exploring how the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, Management, Operation, and Conservation (AECMO&C) industry can adapt and be better prepared to embrace novel Industry 5.0 principles and enabling technologies, ultimately resulting in enhanced conservation practices for the built cultural heritage environment. Registration: The protocol has been registered on Open Science Framework (24/02/2024) and follows the PRISMA-P guidelines.

The arrival of "Industry 4.0" has brought a lot of changes to the way industries work, making them more digital. However, it hasn't been enough to meet Europe's targets for 2030. As a result, a new concept called "Industry 5.0" has been created to fix some of the problems caused by Industry 4.0. Industry 5.0 is based on three main ideas. First, it focuses on people and how they interact with machines. Second, it aims to create systems that can recover from disruptions. Finally, it emphasizes the need to protect our environment while creating economic and social benefits. This new concept makes use of different technologies. These include solutions that focus on people and their interaction with machines, technologies inspired by nature, smart materials, virtual copies of physical systems that work in real time, secure data handling, artificial intelligence, and energy-saving measures. This paper outlines the method used to review a bunch of studies on how the industries of architecture, construction, engineering, management, operation, and conservation can adapt to Industry 5.0. The goal is to help these industries better preserve our cultural heritage buildings. The method used for this review has been officially registered and follows a set of guidelines called the PRISMA-P.

Adaptations of the flat jack test for its application in cob walls.

The single and double flat jack tests have been successfully applied for the first time in cob walls. This technique has been used for over 40 years in the field of cultural heritage conservation to investigate the levels of stress in different masonry and earthen wall typologies and to determine their mechanical properties [1]. Two standards [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7] have been developed for the application of the technique in masonry walls and this paper presents the adaptation of those methods for its application in cob walls.•The control points have been pinned to the material instead of glued to the surface which has facilitated its installation and speed the process.•A timber frame has been fabricated, to which the cutting device has been supported and strapped, to facilitate the cutting of the slot thus obtaining a better-quality cut and a safety increase for the ring saw operator.•The connection of the hydraulics system has been slightly modified by connecting the pressure transducer next to the flat jack's inlet, instead of just after the pump, thus avoiding the recording of pressure peaks while manually pumping the oil.