RESUMO
Giant basal cell carcinomas (GBCCs) are a strange and aggressive variety of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs); they are characterized by deep tissue invasion, rapid growth, high risk of metastasis, and a poor prognosis. GBCCs represent 0.4%-1% of all BCCs. The pathogenesis of GBCC is sometimes linked to a spontaneous mutation in the PTCH gene, mapped to the q22.33 locus of chromosome 9. The key factor in the development of GBCC, in at least 30% of the cases, is the delay in seeking medical attention (7.5 ± 3.1 years). This is associated to a poor socioeconomic level, deficient hygiene, mental illness, advanced age, and the fact that BCCs are painless lesions. The authors present a Mexican female with a 2-year ulcer diagnosed as a GBCC in the year 2000, its initial therapeutic approach, and her follow-up during the next 12 years.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Basocelular/complicações , Neoplasias Faciais/complicações , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/complicações , Neoplasias Cutâneas/complicações , Úlcera Cutânea/etiologia , Adulto , Carcinoma Basocelular/patologia , Progressão da Doença , Enucleação Ocular , Face , Neoplasias Faciais/patologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Deformidades Adquiridas Nasais/etiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologiaRESUMO
Palm (Arecaceae) diversity and distribution in three humid forest fragments in Costa Rica. To determine the existing differences between species composition of palms in forest fragments with different disturbance regimes, three forest fragments at "El Zota", Cariari de Guápiles, Costa Rica, were chosen according to their disturbance level: 1) Disturbed primary forest (B1-i), 2) Secondary forest (B2) and 3) Primary forest (B1). A field survey was carried out in nested plots, where palms were identified and counted according to three size categories: i) 0.15 m to 1.35 m ii) 1.35 m to 5 m and iii) more than 5 m in height. The diversity found in B1 and B1-i is very similar, meanwhile the B2 has the lowest diversity. Palm abundance and distribution were influenced by the level of disturbance of the fragment. The B1-i presents the higher diversity in the first size categories, while B1 has the highest abundance of palms over 5 m tall. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (Suppl. 1): 83-92. Epub 2009 November 30.
Para determinar las diferencias existentes entre la composición de especies de palmas en fragmentos de bosque con diversos grados de alteración, se escogieron tres fragmentos en "El Zota", Costa Rica, según el grado de alteración: 1) Bosque primario alterado (B1-i), 2) Bosque secundario (B2) y 3) Bosque primario (B1). Se hizo un muestreo con parcelas anidadas donde se identificaron y contabilizaron las palmas según tres categorías de tamaño: i) 0.15 m a 1.35 m, ii) 1.35 m a 5 m y iii) más de 5 m de alto. Se observó que la diversidad de B1 y B1-i es muy similar, mientras que B2 posee la menor diversidad. La abundancia y distribución de las palmas estaba influenciada por el nivel de alteración del fragmento. El B1-i presenta una mayor diversidad de la primera categoría de tamaño, mientras que B1 tiene mayor abundancia de palmas sobre 5 m de alto.
