Trends in the incidence of hospital-treated suicide attempts during the COVID-19 pandemic in Oviedo, Spain.

BACKGROUND: The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicidal behavior has generated predictions anticipating an increase in suicidal tendencies. The aim of this research is to study its influence on the incidence of hospital-treated suicide attempts throughout the year 2020 in Oviedo, Spain. METHODS: Data were collected on all patients admitted to the emergency department of Central University Hospital of Asturias in Oviedo for attempted suicide during 2020. Incidence rates were calculated for three lockdown periods. Suicide attempt trends in 2020 were compared with a non-COVID-19 year (2009) to avoid seasonal variations bias. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were performed. The influence of COVID-19 incidence in Oviedo was analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence rate of attempted suicide per 100,000 person-years was 136.33 (pre-lockdown), 115.15 (lockdown), and 90.25 (post-lockdown) in adults (over 19 years old), and 43.63 (pre-lockdown), 32.72 (lockdown), and 72.72 (post-lockdown) in adolescents (10-19 years old). No association was found with COVID-19 incidence rates (Spearman's rho -0.222; p = 0.113). Comparing the years 2020 and 2009, statistically significant differences were observed in adolescents (Fisher's exact test; p = 0.024), but no differences were observed in adults (chi-square test = 3.0401; p = 0.218). CONCLUSIONS: Hospital-treated suicide rates attempted during the COVID-19 outbreak in Oviedo, Spain showed a similar trend compared with a non-COVID-19 year. In contrast, the number of adolescents hospital-treated for attempted suicide increased during lockdown, suggesting more vulnerability to COVID-19 restrictions after the initial lockdown period in this age group.

Reasons for Attempted Suicide in Europe: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Risk of Repetition.

To examine the prevalence of specific reasons for attempted suicide, factors associated with them, and whether reasons for attempted suicide influence risk of repetition. As part of the Monitoring Suicide in Europe (MONSUE) project, data on 4,683 suicide attempters from nine European countries were collected. Independence tests were used to study the influence of age, gender, and other factors on reported reasons. We examined risk of repetition using logistic regression analysis. Interpersonal conflict was common for all patients except those widowed, living alone, or retired. Mental health problems were prevalent among over 45 year-olds, patients unable to work, and patients with a history of at least three suicide attempts. Financial difficulties were cited more often by patients who were 45-64 years old, divorced or separated, living with children only, and unemployed. Close bereavement/serious illness and own physical illness were associated with those over 65 years of age. Two reasons for suicide attempt, interpersonal conflict and mental health problems, were associated with increased risk of repetition independent of other factors. Suicide attempters have a multitude of problems of varying prevalence depending on age, gender, and other factors. They present a range of clinical profiles that require a multidisciplinary response.

Endofenotipos y conductas suicidas / Endophenotypes and suicide behaviour

Introducción. Estudios recientes sugieren que las conductas suicidas tendrían una predisposición genética independiente del aumento de riesgo suicida asociado al diagnóstico de enfermedades mentales como los trastornos afectivos, la esquizofrenia, o la dependencia de alcohol. Dada la heterogeneidad de las conductas suicidas y la complejidad de su herencia, parece necesario el uso de fenotipos intermedios demostrables que permitan establecer una ligazón entre los genes y las conductas suicidas (endofenotipos).El principal objetivo es revisar cuales son los endofenotipos candidatos para las conductas suicidas. Métodos. Se realiza una revisión no sistemática de la bibliografía publicada en MEDLINE en los idiomas inglés, francés y español. Los términos de búsqueda usados fueron endofenotipos y conductas suicidas. Conclusiones. Los principales endofenotipos candidatos provienen de áreas como la neuropsicología (toma de decisiones, funciones ejecutivas), los rasgos de personalidad(impulsividad, agresividad y neuroticismo), la neuroquímica(5-HIAA en líquido cefalorraquídeo) y los estudios de neuroimagen (el metabolismo de la amígdala cerebral medido a través de Resonancia Magnética Funcional y el metabolismo de la corteza pre-frontal medido a través de Tomografía por Emisión de Positrones) (AU)

Background. Recent studies have suggested that genetic predisposition to suicidal behavior may be independent of the risk of suicide associated to mental disorders, such as affective disorders, schizophrenia or alcohol dependence. Given the suicidal behavior heterogeneity and its hereditary complexity, the need to find demonstrable intermediate phenotypes that may make it possible to establish links between genes and suicide behaviors (endophenotypes) seems to be necessary. The main objective is to review which are the candidate endophenotypes of suicidal behaviors. Methods. We carried out a non-systematic review of all published literature in English, French and Spanish in MEDLINE. The search terms were endophenotypes and suicide behaviors. Conclusions. The main candidate endophenotypes of suicidal behaviors are neuropsychological (decision making, executive functions), personality traits (impulsivity, aggressiveness, and neuroticism), neurochemistry (5-HIAAin CNS) and neuroimaging (fMRI of cerebral amygdala or PET of prefrontal cortex metabolism) (AU)

Endophenotypes and suicide behaviour.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that genetic predisposition to suicidal behavior may be independent of the risk of suicide associated to mental disorders, such as affective disorders, schizophrenia or alcohol dependence. Given the suicidal behavior heterogeneity and its hereditary complexity, the need to find demonstrable intermediate phenotypes that may make it possible to establish links between genes and suicide behaviors (endophenotypes) seems to be necessary. The main objective is to review which are the candidate endophenotypes of suicidal behaviors. METHODS: We carried out a non-systematic review of all published literature in English, French and Spanish in MEDLINE. The search terms were endophenotypes and suicide behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: The main candidate endophenotypes of suicidal behaviors are neuropsychological (decision-making, executive functions), personality traits (impulsivity, aggressiveness, and neuroticism), neurochemistry (5-HIAA in CNS) and neuroimaging (fMRI of cerebral amygdala or PET of prefrontal cortex metabolism).

Valoración transversal tras quince años en una muestra de adictos a opiáceos en Asturias / A cross-sectional evaluation after fifteeen years of a sample of opioed addicts in Asturias

Se ha valorado la situación a los 15 años de una población de 215 pacientes adictos a opiáceos, todos los enrolados en Asturias durante los años 1980-83, en un programa de mantenimiento con metadona oral. Durante el período 1998-99 se procedió a la localización de los sujetos y recogida de los datos mediante un protocolo "ad hoc" y entrevistas telefónicas y/o revisión de historiales médicos. De la población inicial se ha podido localizar a un total de 74 pacientes, de los cuales el 35.1 por ciento había fallecido, siendo la causa de muerte más importante el SIDA, seguido de la sobredosis. El 64.9 por ciento restante permanecía vivo [edad media (SD) 38.7 (7.68); 82.4 por ciento varones]. La mayoría (68.8 por ciento) vivía en zonas urbanas y la convivencia fundamental era en pareja (52.1 por ciento), estando casados un 45.8 por ciento. El 41.9 por ciento había sido detenido y el 29.3 por ciento había estado en prisión en alguna ocasión. La mayoría eran politoxicómanos y la edad de inicio del consumo de heroína se situaba en los 18.4 años. El 41.7 por ciento era VIH+, el 54.2 por ciento VHB+ y el 41.7 por ciento VHC+. Se encontraron antecedentes familiares de adicción a drogas en el 50 por ciento de los sujetos, siendo la esposa/compañera la que más frecuentemente (45.8 por ciento) presentaba alguna adicción. Conclusiones: esta población de heroinómanos que iniciaron mantenimiento con metadona hace más de 15 años, se caracteriza por una elevadísima mortalidad, importante deterioro legal y un notable nivel de discapacidad (especialmente en la función laboral, familiar y restricción en la participación social) (AU)