Secondary antibody deficiency is associated with development of infection in kidney transplantation: Results of a multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: We performed a multicenter study to assess the association between secondary antibody deficiency (immunoglobulin G [IgG] hypogammaglobulinemia combined with low levels of specific antibodies) and development of infection in kidney transplantation. METHODS: We prospectively analyzed 250 adult kidney recipients at four centers. The assessment points were before transplantation and 7 and 30 days after transplantation. The immune parameters were as follows: IgG, IgA, and IgM and complement factors C3 and C4 tested by nephelometry; specific IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV) and IgG and IgG2 antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharide (anti-PPS) determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The clinical follow-up period lasted 6 months. The clinical outcomes were CMV disease and recurrent bacterial infections requiring antimicrobial therapy. STATISTICS: Multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: At day 7, IgG hypogammaglobulinemia (IgG levels < 700 mg/dL) combined with low IgG anti-CMV antibody titers (defined as levels < 10 000 units) was present in 12% of kidney recipients. IgG hypogammaglobulinemia combined with low IgG anti-PPS antibody titers (defined as levels < 10 mg/dL) at 1 month after kidney transplantation were recorded in 16% of patients. At day 7 the combination of IgG hypogammaglobulinemia and low anti-CMV titers was independently associated with the development of CMV disease (odds ratio [OR], 6.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-41.31; P = .033). At day 30 after transplantation, the combination of IgG < 700 mg/dL and IgG anti-PPS < 10 mg/dL, was independently associated with recurrent bacterial infection (OR, 5.942; 95% CI, 1.943-18.172; P = .002). CONCLUSION: In a prospective multicenter study, early immunologic monitoring of secondary antibody deficiency proved useful for the identification of kidney recipients who developed severe infection.

Rol del enfermero en las etapas de evaluación, valoración e intervención del dolor en niños / Role of the nurse in the evaluation, assessment and intervention of the pain in children

Introducción: La evaluación y el tratamiento del dolor es una parte esencial de la práctica pediátrica, que ha sido pobremente apreciada debido a que en esta etapa de la vida el paciente es incapaz de comunicar claramente su experiencia dolorosa y es uno de los problemas de salud más frecuentes con los que se encuentra la enfermera en los diferentes ámbitos de atención. Objetivo: Describir el rol del enfermero en las etapas de evaluación, valoración e intervención del dolor en niños. Desarrollo: El alivio del dolor y sufrimiento está considerado como uno de los principales derechos del paciente, y una de las responsabilidades fundamentales del ejercicio profesional de enfermería. Cada niño constituye una totalidad histórica, psíquica y sociocultural, esto hace que cada ser humano le atribuya una palabra que le ayude a describir la experiencia que identifique su dolor o sufrimiento y que el dolor físico en una o más partes del cuerpo la describan como una sensación desagradable y, por lo tanto, una experiencia emocional que modifica su estado de ánimo. La valoración y el tratamiento del dolor requieren que el personal de Enfermería genere confianza con la persona que experimenta dolor.Conclusiones: La adecuada valoración y evaluación del paciente pediátrico con dolor permitirá realizar una efectiva y personalizada intervención de enfermería, que incluya no solo el aspecto biológico, sino también el psicológico y social, lo cual ayudará al paciente a evitar y calmar el dolor(AU)

Introduction: The evaluation and the treatment of the pain is an essential part of the pediatric practice, that has been poorly treated due to in this stage of life the patient is unable to communicate clearly his painful experience and it is one of the more frequent health problems for the nursing staff in the different areas of work.Objective: to describe the role of the nurse in the evaluation, assessment and intervention of the pain in children.Development: Relief of pain and suffering is considered one of the principal rights of the patient, and one of the mail responsibilities of professional nursing practice. Each child is a historical, psychological and sociocultural whole, this makes every human being confers on it a word that helps describe the experience that identifies your pain or suffering and physical pain in one or more body parts describe it as an unpleasant feeling and, therefore, an emotional experience that changes your mood. The assessment and treatment of pain require nursing staff builds trust with the person experiencing pain. Conclusions: Nursing care in pediatric patients with pain is aimed at avoiding pain and soothe it with adequate measures to painful stimulus intensity should be part of the objectives of quality of nursing care(AU)

Isolation, characterization, and production of red pigment from Cercospora piaropi a biocontrol agent for waterhyacinth.

A red pigment produced by a Mexican isolate of Cercospora piaropi (waterhyacinth pathogen) has been isolated and identified as cercosporin. The kinetic of cercosporin production in culture media during dark/light regimes was evaluated. When C. piaropi was cultivated in continuous light and potato dextrose broth culture, a maximum of cercosporin production was observed (72.59 mg/l). Despite other reports, C piaropi Mexican isolate produce cercosporin in dark conditions (25.70 mg/l). The results suggest that production of cercosporin in C. piaropi-waterhyacinth pathogenesis is an important factor to take into account in biocontrol strategies.

Evaluation of toxicity of Cercospora piaropi in a mycoherbicide formulation by using bacterial bioluminescence and the Ames mutagenicity tests.

An evaluation of the potential hazards associated with mutagenicity and acute toxicity of a mycoherbicide formulation based on the fungal pathogen Cercospora piaropi was performed. Neither the mycoherbicide nor any of its components were mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 with or without metabolic activation. Both the C. piaropi and the mycoherbicide formulation were shown to be moderately toxic with a bacterial bioluminescence assay. No acute toxicity was found in water samples taken from tanks after treatment of water hyacinth with the mycoherbicide.