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1.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 57(1): 34-42, mar. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003675

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: Los trastornos del lenguaje constituyen uno de los síntomas esenciales de las esquizofrenias y tienen gran relevancia clínica. Entre las dificultades para su delimitación y evaluación se encuentra su parcial solapamiento con los trastornos formales del pensamiento y la heterogeneidad de modelos y métodos para su estudio. El objetivo del presente artículo es revisar y comparar las pruebas de evaluación psicopatológica del lenguaje en las esquizofrenias, tanto de tipo objetivo como subjetivo. Método: Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica de tipo no sistemático. Entre las variables recogidas se incluyen: tipo y estructura de la prueba, modo de administración, tipos de trastornos del lenguaje. Resultados: Se analizan tres tipos de pruebas: 1. Pruebas generales objetivas, como el sistema AMDP: exploración psicopatológica, y la Escala de los Síndromes Positivo y Negativo. 2. Pruebas generales subjetivas, como el Inventario Psicopatológico de Frankfurt, Escala de Bonn para la Evaluación de Síntomas Básicos y Self-Evaluation of Negative Symptoms. 3. Pruebas específicas: Escala para la Evaluación del Pensamiento, Lenguaje y Comunicación, Formal Thought Disorder Scales (para cuidadores y pacientes) y escala Thought and Language Disorder. Conclusiones: Existe una notable variabilidad en dichas pruebas. La escala TLC es la principal prueba de tipo específico. La mayor parte de las pruebas disponibles actualmente son heteroaplicadas y se centran en el formato oral, función expresiva y método objetivo. Las pruebas que utilizan el método subjetivo pueden complementar el método objetivo tradicional en la evaluación psicopatológica del lenguaje en las esquizofrenias.


Introduction: Language disorders are one of the essential symptoms of schizophrenia and have great clinical relevance. Difficulties for their delimitation and evaluation include partial overlap with formal thought disorders and the heterogeneity of models and methods used to study them. The objective of this paper is to review and compare the tests of language psychopathological evaluation in schizophrenias, both objective and subjective. Method: A non-systematic literature review was performed. The collected variables included: type and structure of the test, mode of administration, types of language disorders. Results: Three types of tests were analyzed: 1. Objective general tests, such as the psychopathological exploration of the AMDP system, and the Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale. 2. Subjective general tests, such as the Frankfurt Complaint Questionnaire, Bonn Scale for the Evaluation of Basic Symptoms and Self-Evaluation of Negative Symptoms. 3. Specific tests: Scale for the Evaluation of Thought, Language and Communication, Formal Thought Disorder Scales (for carers and patients) and Thought and Language Disorder scale. Conclusions: There is a remarkable variability across these tests. The TLC scale is the main specific test. Most of the tests currently available are hetero-applied and focus on the oral format, expressive function and objective method. The tests that use the subjective method can complement the traditional objective method in the psychopathological evaluation of language in schizophrenia.


Assuntos
Humanos , Psicopatologia , Esquizofrenia , Comunicação , Idioma , Transtornos da Linguagem
6.
Rev Esp Fisiol ; 51(2): 101-4, 1995 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8532949

RESUMO

The effect of muscle tissue from rats trained by swimming on the extracellular degradation of triglyceride (TG) rich particles has been studied in vitro. During incubation, there is a progressive decline of the TG concentration in the incubation medium. At the end of the incubation period (90 min), a significantly reduction in the TG levels (p < 0.05) is associated with a significant increase in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level (p < 0.005). There are no significant changes in total cholesterol levels. The correlation of the TG decline with the HDL-cholesterol increase is significant (r = 0.695, p < 0.05, n = 25). The experimental model used here could be of great interest for the in vitro study of factors affecting lipid levels in plasma.


Assuntos
HDL-Colesterol/metabolismo , Músculos/metabolismo , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Triglicerídeos/metabolismo , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Animais , Biópsia , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Natação
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