Quercetin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cardiac Inflammation via Inhibiting Autophagy and Programmed Cell Death / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#The aim of this study is to explore the potential modulatory role of quercetin against Endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced septic cardiac dysfunction.@*METHODS@#Specific pathogen-free chicken embryos ( n = 120) were allocated untreated control, phosphate buffer solution (PBS) vehicle, PBS with ethanol vehicle, LPS (500 ng/egg), LPS with quercetin treatment (10, 20, or 40 nmol/egg, respectively), Quercetin groups (10, 20, or 40 nmol/egg). Fifteen-day-old embryonated eggs were inoculated with abovementioned solutions via the allantoic cavity. At embryonic day 19, the hearts of the embryos were collected for histopathological examination, RNA extraction, real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical investigations, and Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#They demonstrated that the heart presented inflammatory responses after LPS induction. The LPS-induced higher mRNA expressions of inflammation-related factors (TLR4, TNFα, MYD88, NF-κB1, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, IL-10, p38, MMP3, and MMP9) were blocked by quercetin with three dosages. Quercetin significantly decreased immunopositivity to TLR4 and MMP9 in the treatment group when compared with the LPS group. Quercetin significantly decreased protein expressions of TLR4, IFNγ, MMP3, and MMP9 when compared with the LPS group. Quercetin treatment prevented LPS-induced increase in the mRNA expression of Claudin 1 and ZO-1, and significantly decreased protein expression of claudin 1 when compared with the LPS group. Quercetin significantly downregulated autophagy-related gene expressions (PPARα, SGLT1, APOA4, AMPKα1, AMPKα2, ATG5, ATG7, Beclin-1, and LC3B) and programmed cell death (Fas, Bcl-2, CASP1, CASP12, CASP3, and RIPK1) after LPS induction. Quercetin significantly decreased immunopositivity to APOA4, AMPKα2, and LC3-II/LC3-I in the treatment group when compared with the LPS group. Quercetin significantly decreased protein expressions of AMPKα1, LC3-I, and LC3-II. Quercetin significantly decreased the protein expression to CASP1 and CASP3 by immunohistochemical investigation or Western blotting in treatment group when compared with LPS group.@*CONCLUSION@#Quercetin alleviates cardiac inflammation induced by LPS through modulating autophagy, programmed cell death, and myocardiocytes permeability.

Association between allostatic load and mortality among Chinese older adults: the Chinese Longitudinal Health and Longevity Study.

BACKGROUND: Allostatic load (AL) has shown that high burden of AL is associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes, but little attention has been paid to China with largest ageing population in the world. OBJECTIVE: This study is to examine the association between AL and all-cause mortality among Chinese adults aged at least 60 years. DESIGN: Population-based prospective cohort study. SETTING: In 2011-2012, an ancillary study, in which a blood test was added, including a total of 2439 participants, was conducted in eight longevity areas in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. PARTICIPANTS: The final analytical sample consisted of 1519 participants (mean±SD age: men 80.5±11.3 years; women 90.2±11.8 years and 53% women). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: Cox models were used to examine the association between AL and mortality among men and women, separately. Analyses were also adjusted for potential confounders including age, ethnicity, education and marital status, smoking and exercise. RESULTS: Male with a medium AL burden (score: 2-4) and high AL burden (score: 5-9) had a 33% and 118% higher hazard of death, respectively, than those with a low AL burden (score: 0-1). We did not find significant difference between females with different levels of AL burden. CONCLUSION: Higher AL burden was associated with increased all-cause mortality among Chinese men aged at least 60 years. However, we did not find strong association among women. In conclusion, Intervention programmes targeting modifiable components of the AL burden may help prolong lifespan for older adults, especially men, in China.

Navigation-Guided Nasal Endoscopy to Remove the Cavernous Venous Malformation of the Orbital Apex Through the Sphenoid Approach.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of navigation-guided sinus endoscopy to remove the cavernous vascular malformation of the orbital apex through the sphenoid approach. METHODS: A retrospective series of non-control cases were collected. From May 2012 to December 2019, patients with imaging findings of cavernous venous malformation in the orbital apex were collected at the Eye Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University. All patients underwent navigation guided sinusoscopy through the sphenoid approach to remove the cavernous venous malformation of the orbital apex. Analyze the changes of visual function and postoperative complications before and after operation. RESULTS: Twelve patients were collected, including 3 males and 9 females aged between 32 and 59. In 3 patients without visual impairment, the postoperative visual function was still normal. The remaining 9 patients all had visual impairment. Among them, 3 patients had fully recovered normal visual function after operation, 2 patients had improved visual function compared with preoperative, and 4 patients had no change in postoperative visual acuity. There were no complications in 3 of the 12 patients, and 9 patients had transient limited intraocular rotation with mild limitation of diplopia after operation, and all returned to normal within 1 month after surgery. CONCLUSION: Navigation-guided sinus endoscopy through the sphenoid approach to remove the cavernous venous malformation of the orbital apex is an effective and feasible surgical method.

Association between primary caregiver type and mortality among Chinese older adults with disability: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Socio-demographic transitions have dramatically changed the traditional family care settings in China, caused unmet care needs among older adults. However, whether different primary caregiver types have different influences on disabled older adults' health outcomes remain poorly understood. We aimed to examine the association between the type of primary caregiver (e.g., spouse and children) and death among community-dwelling Chinese older adults disabled in activities of daily living. METHODS: We used data from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. The analytic sample comprised 4278 eligible adults aged ≥ 80 years. We classified primary caregiver type into five categories: spouse, son/daughter-in-law, daughter/son-in-law, grandchildren, and domestic helper. We used Cox regression model to examine the association between primary caregiver type and all-cause mortality. Covariates included age, sex, residence, years of education, co-residence status, financial independence, whether living with children, number of ADL disability, number of chronic conditions, and self-reported health, cognitive impairment, and caregiving quality. RESULTS: Married older adults whose primary caregivers were son/daughter-in-law had a 38% higher hazard of death than those who had spouse as the primary caregiver. Married men who received care primarily from son/daughter-in-law or daughter/son-in-law had a 64 and 68% higher hazard of death, respectively, than those whose primary caregiver was spouse. The association between primary caregiver type and mortality among widowed older adults differed between urban and rural areas. Urban residents who had domestic helpers as the primary caregiver had an 16% lower hazard of death, while those living in rural areas had a 50% higher hazard of death, than those having son/daughter-in-law as the primary caregiver. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of care of the primary caregiver may be a risk factor for mortality of disabled older adults in China. Interventions are necessary for reducing unmet needs and managing care burden.

Prevalence and health correlates of anaemia among community-dwelling Chinese older adults: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the prevalence of anaemia among older adults in China by sociodemographic and geographical regions, and cross-sectionally examine the associations between anaemia and several geriatric outcomes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 6656 older adults aged at least 60 years with haemoglobin data from the 2015 to 2016 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. METHODS: We examined the prevalence of anaemia by sociodemographics (age, sex, residence, education, marital status) and geographical regions, adjusting for age. We investigated the associations between anaemia and geriatric conditions. RESULTS: The prevalence of anaemia was 20.6% among adults ≥60 years and was higher at advanced ages, among those who were females, living in rural areas, and those who were unmarried. The southern region of China had a higher burden of anaemia than the north. Anaemic adults had a higher age-adjusted prevalence of falls, activities of daily living (ADL) disability, instrumental ADL disability, lower extremely functional limitation, upper extremely functional limitation, low gait speed, low grip strength and low self-reported memory. CONCLUSIONS: Anaemia affected approximately one in five older adults in China, particularly in those with disadvantaged sociodemographics, and anaemia was associated with a higher burden of geriatric conditions. Huge geographical disparities of anaemia prevalence between northern and southern regions reflected the dietary variations in different regions. Efforts on preventing anaemia and reducing regional disparities of anaemia were needed to improve older adults' health in China.

The Association between Frailty and Healthcare Expenditure among Chinese Older Adults.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine whether frailty could explain variability in healthcare expenditure beyond multimorbidity and disability among Chinese older adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 5300 community-dwelling adults age at least 60 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. METHODS: Frailty was identified by the physical frailty phenotype approach that has been created and validated among Chinese older adults. Five criteria were used: slowness, weakness, exhaustion, inactivity, and shrinking. Persons were classified as "nonfrail" (0 criteria), "prefrail" (1‒2 criteria), or "frail" (3‒5 criteria). Healthcare expenditure was measured based on participants' self-report and was classified into 3 types: outpatient expenditure, inpatient expenditure, and self-treatment expenditure. The association of frailty and healthcare expenditure was analyzed using a 2-part regression model to account for excessive zero expenditures. RESULTS: Frailty was associated with higher odds of incurring outpatient, inpatient, and self-treatment expenditure. Among persons with non-zero expenditure, prefrail and frail persons, on average, had US $30.62 [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.41, 52.82] and US $60.60 (95% CI 5.84, 115.36) higher outpatient expenditure than the nonfrail, adjusting for sociodemographics, multimorbidity, and disability. After adjustment for all covariates, prefrail persons, on average, had US $3.34 (95% CI 0.54, 6.13) higher self-treatment expenditure than the nonfrail. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Frailty is an independent predictor of higher healthcare expenditure among older adults. These findings suggest that timely screening and recognition of frailty are important to reduce healthcare expenditure among older adults.

Meta-analysis of the efficacy of Rituximab in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of rituximab in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy by using a Meta-analysis of the literature. <p>METHODS: Databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu, China Biomedical, PubMed, Web of Science, OVID, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrial.gov were searched. From the establishment of the database to December 31, 2019 on rituximab clinical studies on the treatment of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy. The clinical activity score of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy before and after treatment was used as the main judgment index of curative effect. The retrieved clinical studies were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 statistical software. <p>RESULTS: Six studies were included, two were randomized controlled trials, and four were cohort studies. Meta analysis showed that the application of rituximab in the treatment of moderate to severe thyroid associated ophthalmopathy can significantly reduce the clinical activity score of patients, and has statistical significance \〖<i>SMD</i>=-5.04, 95% <i>CI</i>(-7.08 to -3.01), <i>P</i><0.00001\〗. <p>CONCLUSION: Rituximab can significantly reduce the clinical activity score of patients with moderate to severe thyroid associated ophthalmopathy, and has a good effect on disease control.

A Meta-analysis of complications of orbital blowout fracture by surgical approaches / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To investigate the effect of conjunctival approach and skin approach on postoperative complications in orbital blowout fracture through Meta-analysis.<p>METHODS: Search literatures in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, OVID, Chinese biomedical literature database, Weipu, Wanfang and CNKI database from the establishment of the database to May 30, 2018. The main contents included randomized controlled trials and cohort studies about comparing the postoperative complications of orbital blowout fracture through the transconjunctival approach and subciliary approach. Meta-analysis of the incidence of complications was performed using Review Manager 5.3 statistical software.<p>RESULTS: A total of 7 cohort studies were included. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale(NOS)score showed that the quality of the included literature was above 6 points. Meta-analysis showed no significant difference in odds ratio(OR)between the transconjunctival approach group and subciliary approach group \〖<i>OR</i>=0.74, 95% <i>CI </i>(0.44-1.24),<i> P=</i>0.25\〗. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results of the Meta-analysis were stable and reliable. Funnel plot analysis showed that there might be publication bias in the included literature.<p>CONCLUSION: The effect of skin approach and conjunctival approach on the incidence of postoperative complications of orbital blowout fractures is not significant. The two approaches have their own advantages and disadvantages. It is necessary to combine the clinical practical considerations to select the most suitable surgical approach.

New octadecanoid derivatives from the seeds of Ipomoea nil / 中国天然药物

Four new octadecanoid derivatives (1-4) including a pair of enantiomers (1/2), along with 12 known analogues (5-16), were isolatedfrom the seeds of Ipomoea nil. Their structures were determined by detailed spectroscopic analyses and comparison with reported data of structurally related compounds, with the absolute configurations of 1 and 2 being assigned by an in situ dimolybdenum ECD method. Our bioassays revealed that these isolates did not show ABTS radical scavenging activity while 10 and 13 displayed better α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than the positive control acarbose (IC 167.7 ± 1.55 μmol·L), with IC of 92.73 ± 3.12 and 11.39 ± 2.18μmol·L, respectively.

Multimordality of cluster treatment strategy for early postoperative inflammatory small bowel obstruction / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the application of multimordality of cluster treatment strategy in early postoperative inflammatory small bowel obstruction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 31 cases of early postoperative inflammatory small bowel obstruction in our department from July 2007 to July 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. Multimordality of cluster treatment strategy was used in 13 cases (treatment group), and other non-surgical treatment was applied in 18 cases (control group). Efficacy and prognosis were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four-day improvement rate was 76.9% (10/13) and 44.4% (8/18), and 7-day cure rate was 92.3% (12/13) and 77.8% (14/18) in the treatment group and the control group, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05). The recovery time of bowel sounds and flatus, defecation time, bloating-free time, oral intake time, abdominal CT intestine improvement time, and hospital stay were all significantly shorter in the treatment group as compared to the control group (all P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Multimordality of cluster treatment strategy can effectively shorten the healing time of early postoperative inflammatory small bowel obstruction, which possesses a good clinical application prospect.</p>

Thinking of laparoscopic anatomy of laparoscopic distal D2 radical gastrectomy / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss laparoscopic assisted radical D2 resection of distal gastric anatomy application ideas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Collected the clinical data from January 2009 to January 2012 who underwent laparoscopic distal gastric resection in patients with D2 349 cases. There were 180 male and 169 female patients, and the age were (57 ± 3) years old (range 29-86 years), the body mass index of patients were (26.0 ± 2.0) kg/m(2) (range 20.5-32.8 kg/m(2)). The relevant surgical anatomy ideas had summarized.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In addition to 5 cases of obese patients with conversion to open, the remaining patients underwent laparoscopic distal gastric D2 resection. The operation is divided into 7 operating anatomical view. The operation time were 120-210 minutes and the blood loss were 50-200 ml. Postoperative complications occurred in 11 cases, including 5 cases of duodenal stump leakage, 2 cases of gastroparesis, 3 cases of small bowel obstruction, and abdominal bleeding in 1 case. All patients were discharged.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Use zoning, exterior to interior of the anatomy, more conducive to master the operation of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy and standardized cleaning, to improve the operation efficiency and shorten the surgical learning curve and improve the quality of surgery has an important role.</p>

Use of laparoscope complete mesocolic excision in the surgical treatment of right colon cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy of laparoscope complete mesocolic excision (CME) for right colon cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 49 cases of right colon cancer without metastasis and intestinal obstruction who underwent elective laparoscope CME by the same group of surgeons between October 2009 and June 2011 at the First Hospital of Jilin University were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 49 cases with CME, the median number of total lymph node retrieved was 22. The positive rate of lymph node in patients with stage III disease was 16.3%. The median operative time of all the cases was 145 min. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 75 ml. The median time to flatus passage and defecation was 3 days and 6 days respectively. The median hospital stay was 12 days. The overall postoperative complication rate was 12.2% (6/49).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Laparoscope complete mesocolic excision for right colon cancer is safe and feasible.</p>