Prevention of Falls in Older Adults.

This JAMA Patient Page describes risk of falls in older adults and fall prevention recommendations from the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Interventions for High BMI in Children and Teenagers.

This JAMA Patient Page describes intensive behavioral interventions for high body mass index (BMI) in children and teenagers and the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation for provision of such interventions.

Understanding what leaders can do to facilitate healthcare workers' feeling valued: improving our knowledge of the strongest burnout mitigator.

AIM: Feeling valued is a striking mitigator of burnout yet how to facilitate healthcare workers (HCWs) feeling valued has not been adequately studied. This study discovered factors relating to HCWs feeling valued so leaders can mitigate burnout and retain their workforce. METHOD: The Coping with COVID-19 survey, initiated in March 2020 by the American Medical Association, was distributed to 208 US healthcare organisations. Of the respondents, 37 685 physicians, advanced practice clinicians, nurses, and other clinical staff answered questions that assessed burnout, intent to leave and whether they felt valued.Quantitative analysis looked at odds of burnout and intent to leave among the highest versus lowest feeling valued (FV) groups. Open-ended comments provided by 5559 respondents with high or low sense of FV were analysed to understand aspects of work life that contributed to FV. RESULTS: Of 37 685 respondents, 45% felt valued; HCWs who felt highly valued had 8.3 times lower odds of burnout and 10.2 lower odds of intent to leave than those who did not feel valued at all. Qualitative data identified six themes associated with FV: (1) physical safety, (2) compensation and pandemic-related finances, (3) transparent and frequent communication, (4) effective teamwork, (5) empathetic and respectful leaders, and (6) organisational support. CONCLUSION: This US study demonstrates that FV correlates with burnout and intent to leave, yet only 45% of HCWs feel valued. Six themes link to interventions leaders can follow to facilitate HCWs FV and potentially reduce burnout and increase retention for a challenged healthcare workforce.

Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment.

This JAMA Patient Page describes the pros and cons of primary care interventions to prevent child maltreatment in children and adolescents younger than 18 years without signs or symptoms of maltreatment.

Screening for Speech and Language Problems in Young Children.

This JAMA Patient Page describes the pros and cons of screening for speech and language problems in children aged 5 years or younger.

What Is Prediabetes?

This JAMA Patient Page describes the condition of prediabetes and its symptoms, diagnosis, and management strategies.

Dental Caries in Adults, Adolescents, and Children.

This JAMA Patient Page describes oral health, particularly care of the teeth and prevention of tooth and gum disease, and discusses the pros and cons of screening for dental caries by primary care clinicians.

Screening for High Blood Pressure Disorders During Pregnancy.

This JAMA Patient Page describes the pros and cons of screening for high blood pressure disorders during pregnancy, and who should be screened.

Folic Acid to Prevent Neural Tube Defects.

This JAMA Patient Page describes the pros and cons of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy to lower risk of fetal neural tube defects.

What Is Botulism?

This JAMA Patient Page describes botulism routes of infection, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention measures.

Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents.

This JAMA Patient Page describes lipid disorders, and the pros and cons of screening for them in children and adolescents.

Screening for Anxiety Disorders in Adults.

This JAMA Patient Page describes the pros and cons of screening for anxiety disorders in adults.

Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Adults.

This JAMA Patient Page describes the pros and cons of screening for depression and suicide risk in adults.

Screening for Latent Tuberculosis.

This JAMA Patient Page describes latent and active tuberculosis and discusses the pros and cons of screening for latent tuberculosis.

Screening and Prevention of Skin Cancer.

This JAMA Patient Page describes the pros and cons of screening for skin cancer, as well as skin cancer risk-reduction practices.

Borderline Personality Disorder.

This JAMA Patient Page describes borderline personality disorder, its signs and symptoms, possible causes, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Screening for Genital Herpes.

This JAMA Patient Page summarizes the US Preventive Services Task Force's recent recommendations on screening for genital herpes infection.

Rabies.

This JAMA Patient Page describes rabies and its symptoms, diagnosis, and prevention measures.

Trends in Clinician Burnout With Associated Mitigating and Aggravating Factors During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected clinician health and retention. Objective: To describe trends in burnout from 2019 through 2021 with associated mitigating and aggravating factors. Design, Setting, and Participants: Cross-sectional surveys were sent to physicians and advanced practice clinicians throughout 120 large US health care organizations between February 2019 and December 2021. From 56 090 surveys, there were 20 627 respondents. Exposures: Work conditions and COVID-19. Main Outcomes and Measures: Surveys measured time pressure, chaos, work control, teamwork, electronic health record use, values alignment, satisfaction, burnout, intent to leave, and in 2021, feeling valued. Multivariate regressions controlling for gender, race and ethnicity, years in practice, and role determined burnout, satisfaction, and intent-to-leave correlates. Results: Of the 20 627 respondents (median response rate, 58% [IQR, 34%-86%; difference, 52%]), 67% were physicians, 51% female, and 66% White. Burnout was 45% in 2019, 40% to 45% in early 2020, 50% in late 2020, and 60% in late 2021. Intent to leave increased from 24% in 2019 to more than 40% as job satisfaction decreased. Higher burnout was seen in chaotic workplaces (odds ratio [OR], 1.51; 95% CI, 1.38-1.66; P < .001) and with low work control (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.91-2.30; P < .001). Higher burnout was associated with poor teamwork (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.78-2.43; P < .001), while feeling valued was associated with lower burnout (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.18-0.27; P < .001). In time trends, burnout was consistently higher with chaos and poor work control. For example, in the fourth quarter of 2021 burnout was 36% (95% CI, 31%-42%) in calm environments vs 78% (95% CI, 73%-84%) if chaotic (absolute difference, 42%; 95% CI, 34%-49%; P < .001), and 39% (95% CI, 33%-44%) with good work control vs 75% (95% CI, 69%-81%) if poor (absolute difference, 36%; 95% CI, 27%-44%; P < .001). Good teamwork was associated with lower burnout rates (49%; 95% CI, 44%-54%) vs poor teamwork (88%; 95% CI, 80%-97%; absolute difference, 39%; 95% CI, 29%-48%; P < .001), as was feeling valued (37%; 95% CI, 31%-44%) vs not feeling valued (69%; 95% CI, 63%-74%; absolute difference, 32%; 95% CI, 22%-39%; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance: Results of this survey study show that in 2020 through 2021, burnout and intent to leave gradually increased, rose sharply in late 2021, and varied by chaos, work control, teamwork, and feeling valued. Monitoring these variables could provide mechanisms for worker protection.

Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

This JAMA Patient Page summarizes the US Preventive Services Task Force's recommendations on screening for, and treatment of, obstructive sleep apnea in adults.