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1.
Sci Rep ; 10(1): 11318, 2020 07 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32647368

RESUMO

Labile organic carbon (LOC) fractions and related enzyme activities in soils are considered to be early and sensitive indicators of soil quality changes. We investigated the influences of fertilization and residue incorporation on LOC fractions, enzyme activities, and the carbon pool management index (CPMI) in a 10-year field experiment. The experiment was composed of three treatments: (1) no fertilization (control), (2) chemical fertilizer application alone (F), and (3) chemical fertilizer application combined with incorporation of wheat straw residues (F + R). Generally, the F + R treatment led to the highest concentrations of the LOC fractions. Compared to the control treatment, the F + R treatment markedly enhanced potential activities of cellulase (CL), ß-glucosidase (BG), lignin peroxidase (LiP), and manganese peroxidase (MnP), but decreased laccase (LA) potential activity. Partial least squares regression analysis suggested that BG and MnP activities had a positive impact on the light-fraction organic carbon (LFOC), permanganate-oxidizable carbon (POXC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fractions, whereas laccase activity had a negative correlation with those fractions. In addition, the F + R treatment significantly increased the CPMI compared to the F and control treatments. These results indicated that combining fertilization with crop residues stimulates production of LOC and could be a useful approach for maintaining sustainable production capacity in lime concretion black soils along the Huai River region of China.

2.
RSC Adv ; 9(64): 37630-37641, 2019 Nov 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35542276

RESUMO

Wastewater purification using fibrous adsorbents has received much attention due to their high efficiency, low cost, and recyclability. In this work, phosphate modified polyacrylonitrile fiber (B-PANEAPF) was prepared and used to remove cationic dyes. The B-PANEAPF showed the best adsorption capacity for crystal violet (CV) when compared with rhodamine B, methyl green, Victoria blue B, methylene blue, and neutral red. The adsorption tests revealed that the fiber possessed high adsorption efficiency and achieved semi-saturated adsorption within 15 min. The maximum adsorption capacity of 354.46 mg g-1 as calculated by the Langmuir adsorption model was higher than many other adsorbents. Furthermore, the B-PANEAPF was used to remove 210 mL of CV in a continuous-flow process with a high removal efficiency over 90%. Besides, the phosphate functionalized fiber could easily decrease the concentration of CV to below 0.5 mg L-1 which is below the maximum effluent discharge standard of 15 mg L-1 prescribed in China. It could also be fully recovered and easily separated from the solution to achieve re-use 10 cycles. Moreover, the adsorption mechanism indicated that the adsorption process of the fiber for CV was mainly attributed to electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding. In conclusion, the results suggested that the B-PANEAPF characterized by its simplicity, efficiency, eco-friendliness, and reusability, could be a promising candidate for CV removal.

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