RESUMO
Protecting and stimulating rural vitality is a critical step towards driving rural revitalization and development; This study outlined the application of a measurement system that indexes rural vitality levels at the township scale and evaluates rural vitality in terms of potential regeneration, survivability, and development. This study combined the CRITIC weighting method, the TOPSIS pros and cons solution-distance method, and a vertical-horizontal comparison method to evaluate the rural vitality of 30 townships in Wuxi County, Chongqing. Using these results, this study divided the townships according to their type of rural development. A natural breakpoint method was used to visualize the spatial pattern of rural development levels.The research showed that: (1) The average value of the composite score of rural vitality in Wuxi County is 0.342, and more than half of the townships' composite vitality values are lower than the average value of the overall vitality, which leads to the conclusion that the overall level of rural vitality is low; (2) the comprehensive level of rural vitality in Wuxi County decreased from southwest to northeast, and showed local variations; (3) the degree of development within the study area was categorized as either dominant, comprehensive, or polarized, developmental deficiency type. This research argued that promoting the development of rural vitality in different villages requires careful scientific planning, detailed knowledge of individual geographic characteristics, and a clear rural development path that spans a range of spatial scales. Specific and specialized rural development strategies are thus required for each type of development.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Kirsten rat sarcoma vial oncogene (KRAS) is one of the most prevalent oncogenes in multiple cancer types, but the incidence is different between the Asian and non-Asian populations. The recent development of KRAS G12C targeting drug has shown great promise. It is thus important to understand the genomic landscape of KRAS G12C in a specific population. METHODS: Sequencing data of 11,951 tumor samples collected from 11/2016 to 7/2019 from multiple centres in China were analyzed for KRAS mutation status. Concomitant genomic aberrations were further analyzed in tumors with KRAS G12C mutations, which were sequenced with comprehensive cancer panel including over 450 cancer-related genes. Smoking status and its correlation with KRAS were analyzed in 2,235 lung cancer cases within this cohort. RESULTS: KRAS mutations were identified in 1978 (16.6%) patient samples. Specifically, KRAS G12C accounted for 14.5% (n=286) of all KRAS mutations. G12C was most commonly seen in lung cancer (4.3%), followed by colorectal cancer (2.5%) and biliary cancer (2.3%). Almost all patients (99.6%) with G12C mutations had concomitant genomic aberrations. These were most commonly associated with the RAS/RTK pathway including BRAF and PI3KCA mutations. Moreover, KRAS mutation was positively correlated with smoking status in lung adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of KRAS G12C mutations remains low in the Chinese population. The most common tumor types harboring KRAS G12C mutations are in patients suffering from lung, colorectal and biliary cancers.
