Catalyst-free electrochemical sulfonylation of amines with sulfonyl hydrazide in aqueous medium.

An efficient electrochemical sulfonylation of amines with sulfonyl hydrazides under exogenous-oxidant-free and catalyst-free conditions in aqueous medium was developed. A wide variety of sulfonamides were prepared via a simple electrochemical process from various cyclic or acyclic secondary amines, as well as more challenging free primary amines with equivalent amount of aryl/heteroaryl hydrazides in air under mild conditions. This protocol was found to be excellent in terms of facile scale-up, and to show great potential in the modification/synthesis of bioactive compounds. The reaction mechanism was investigated by a series of control experiments and CV studies, which indicated that the reaction might have gone through a radical pathway. Also, n-Bu4NBr served both as a supporting electrolyte and a redox agent to yield sulfonyl radical species and sulfonyl cations from sulfonyl hydrazides.

An Empirical Analysis on the Impact of Innovation Network Structure on Crossover Innovation Performance of Emerging Technologies.

The crossover innovation springing up in emerging technologies has drawn wide attention from scholars. Innovation network, as an effective way for major innovation-driven entities towards less relevant risks and higher efficiency, can significantly affect the crossover innovation performance. This paper analyzes the evolution law of the innovation network of autonomous driving technology based on the Social Network Analysis (SNA) and by using the data on joint applications for invention patents of such technology during 2006-2020. Furthermore, the structural eigenvalues of the network evolution are calculated for the regression analysis of the relationship between network structure and crossover innovation performance. The empirical results show that network centrality, structural hole, and relationship intensity have a positive effect on crossover innovation performance of emerging technologies, while network clustering has a negative effect. Emerging technology enterprises should constantly improve their technological innovation ability, improve their status and influence in the innovation network, establish cooperation with appropriate innovation partners, further expand their own technical knowledge fields, and obtain innovation resources by optimizing the network structure so as to enhance the crossover innovation performance.

Effect of soaking and temperature process on the volatile compounds in soymilk made by soymilk maker.

ABSTRACT: The influence of different processing and storage conditions on the aroma and taste of soymilk were investigated. Volatile components in soymilk were made by soymilk machine, half soybeans produced by grinding soaked with water, the other half soybeans without soaking. Then the soymilk was stored in different conditions for 24 h. Dynamic headspace dilution analysis and aroma extract dilution analysis in conjunction and gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry were used to identify major aroma-active compounds. Sixteen odor-active compounds were identified in dry milling soymilk, while 21 odor-active compounds for wet milling one (smell was also more intense), among them, (E)-2-decanal (fatty, green), (E)-2-nonenal (sweet, fruity), 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (popcorn), having the highest FD factors in SDE extract, were regarded as the most important odorants in soymilk. Investigation of the volatile components was affected to a greater extent by hot soymilk compared with refrigerated or frozen storage. Sensory results showed that intensities of overall aroma, flower aromatic, flour were affected by the soaking and storage.