Enhanced and sustainable control of Myzus persicae by repellent plants in organic pepper and eggplant greenhouses.

BACKGROUND: Repellent plants (RPs), generally used to keep pests away from crops in integrated pest management, have been shown to reduce the need for synthetic insecticide sprays in various agroecosystems. However, few studies have evaluated the pest control efficiency of RPs over the entire growth period of crops. To evaluate the effect of RPs against Myzus persicae and explore the application and management modes of RPs in the field, we planted mint (Mentha haplocalyx), mung bean (Vigna radiata), celery (Apium graveolens) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) near the ventilation openings of commercial greenhouses. RESULTS: Five-month sampling results showed that mung bean and mint treatments significantly reduced M. persicae population levels over the entire growth period, whereas celery and coriander reduced aphid infestations during the main harvest period of eggplant. The four RP species showed the strongest repellence during their fast-growth periods. Mung bean and mint shortened the activity period of M. persicae in pepper by delaying the pest in reaching its peak activity. Celery and coriander reduced aphid density on eggplant during their main activity period. Mint, celery and coriander inhibited population growth in M. persicae in the laboratory, revealing the potential value of RPs in reducing M. persicae population levels in the field. CONCLUSION: Mint, mung bean, celery and coriander planted near ventilation openings could be used to control M. persicae infestations in commercial greenhouses. Early planting and timely replanting of RPs is a more effective, environmentally friendly and suitable method for organic pest control compared with chemical pesticides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Evidence of Microporous Carbon Nanosheets Showing Fast Kinetics in both Gas Phase and Liquid Phase Environments.

Despite the great advantages of microporous carbons for applications in gas phase separation, liquid phase enrichment, and energy storage devices, direct experiment data and theoretical calculations on the relevance of properties and structures are quite limited. Herein, two model carbon materials are designed and synthesized, i.e., microporous carbon nanosheets (MCN) and microporous carbon spheres (MCS). They both have nearly same composition, surface chemistry, and specific surface area, known morphology, but distinguishable diffusion paths. Based on these two types of materials, a reliable relationship between the morphology with different diffusion paths and adsorption kinetics in both gas phase and liquid phase environments is established. When used for CO2 capture, MCN shows a high saturated CO2 capacity of 8.52 µmol m(-2) and 18.4 mmol cm(-3) at 273 K and ambient pressure, and its calculated first-order rate constant is ≈7.4 times higher than that of MCS. Moreover, MCN shows a quick and high uptake of Cr (VI) and a higher-rate performance for supercapacitors than MCS does. These results strongly confirm that MCN exhibits improved kinetics in gas phase separation, liquid phase enrichment, and energy storage devices due to its shorter diffusion paths and larger exposed geometrical area resulting from the nanosheet structure.

Distribution of allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in Hebei villagers and Tianjin citizens / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the epidemiology of allergic rhinitis (AR) and the distribution of allergens in villagers who lived in Hebei Province (Hebei villagers) and the citizens who lived in the city of Tianjin (Tianjin citizens).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From April 2007 to May 2010, face to face investigation and serum specific IgE (sIgE) examination were conducted among Hebei villagers and Tianjin citizens by randomly multi-stage and cluster sampling, and the results were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 1524 cases were investigated, among them, 1024 cases in Hebei and 500 cases in Tianjin, the prevalence of the sIgE test was 27.2% (279/1024) and 21.2% (106/500), and the difference was of statistical significance (χ(2) = 7.13, P < 0.01). The prevalence of AR was 9.2% (94/1024) and 9.0% (45/500), the difference was of no statistical significance (χ(2) = 0.01, P > 0.05). The most common allergens were dog epithelium and cat epithelium, the next were dust mites, house dust mites, birch and forage grasses in rural areas of Hebei Province. The most common allergens in Tianjin city were dust mites and house dust mites, the next were dog epithelium, cat epithelium, birch and forage grasses. The prevalence of allergens between Hebei villagers and Tianjin citizens had significant difference, which from high to low were house dust mites, dust mites and dog epithelium (χ(2) value were 11.36, 9.14, 5.28, all P < 0.05). The incidence of AR caused by dog epithelium in Hebei was higher than that in Tianjin, however, the dust mites in Tianjin was higher than that in Hebei.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Allergen plays an important role in the prevalence of AR. The allergens have differences not only in areas but also in urban and village. The key factor is contact with allergens frequently.</p>

Analysis of the correlation of prevalence in allergic rhinitis and other allergic diseases / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To obtain the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) in different regions of northern China, to analyze the correlation and interaction between AR and bronchial asthma (BA) or atopic dermatitis (AD), and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases such as AR.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To obtain the indexes including age, occupation, atopic physical fitness, smoking, alcohol, lifestyle and so on. To explore the correlation between AR and BA or AD. From April 2007 to May 2010, the serum specific IgE (sIgE) was investigated in different regions (rural areas of Qingxian, Hebei; coastal fishing village of Bohai Bay, Huanghua; area of Wuling Mountain, Chengde; urban areas of Tianjin) by randomly multi-stage and cluster sampling, with total population of 1524.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of AR, BA and AD were 9.1%, 5.4% and 6.0%. The prevalence of BA and AD were 30.9% and 29.5% in AR patients, but were 2.9% and 3.7% in non-AR, and the differences were of statistical significance (χ(2) values were 192.97 and 148.40, respectively, all P < 0.01). The risk of people with BA suffering from AR was as 8.619 times as those free from BA, the risk of people with AD suffering from AR was as 1.817 times as those free from AD and, the risk of workers suffering from AR was as 2.320 times as farmers in terms of working factor by analysis of Logistic regression for AR and BA, AD, age, occupation, atopic physical fitness and other factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The prevalence of AR are correlated with BA and AD. It is greater between BA and AR than AD and AR in the strength of correlation.</p>

Research on prevalence and related factors in allergic rhinitis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To obtain the prevalence and related factors in allergic rhinitis (AR) and other allergic diseases in rural area in China through epidemiological investigation with large sample and multi-faceted survey data.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Face to face survey was conducted in different regions (rural areas of Cangzhou, Hebei, coastal fishing village of Bohai Bay, area of Wuling Mountain, Chengde, urban areas of Tianjin) from April 2007 to May 2009. In the same time, serum specific IgE (sIgE) was detected in the digits of every 0, 1or 5 in them. SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five thousand and ten cases were investigated. There were 823 cases with the symptoms or signs of AR (16.4%). Four hundred and two cases were found to have positive serum sIgE antibody in 1576 detected cases (25.5%). One hundred and fourty-six cases with nasal allergic symptoms or signs were diagnosed as AR. The incidence of AR was 9.3% (146/1576). The occurrence of allergic symptoms or signs had a significant statistical difference with factors such as age, occupation, atopic constitution (χ(2) value were 7.96, 9.73, 16.53, 8.95 respectively, all P < 0.05), and it was closely related to lower respiratory tract allergies (β = 2.544, P < 0.01). The most common allergens were dog and cat epithelium in rural areas and dust mites in city.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence of AR is higher whether in urban or rural areas, it should be taken seriously as the impact on human health. The occurrence is closely related to physical characteristics and environmental factors.</p>