The rate of clinically significant prostate cancer on repeat biopsy after a diagnosis of atypical small acinar proliferation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) is detected in approximately 5% of prostate biopsies. Current guidelines recommend a repeat biopsy within 3-6 months after the initial diagnosis. However, clinical significance and outcomes of repeat biopsy are conflicting. Based on this situation, we conducted a meta-analysis to report the rate of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) on repeat biopsy after a diagnosis of atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) to determine the safety and validity of deferring repeat biopsy. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases for articles published until July 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias for the included studies. Pooled ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Stata 17. RESULTS: Sixteen studies and 1,796 patients were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 553 patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer, and 204 had csPCa. The pooled rate of csPCa on repeat biopsy after ASAP diagnosis was 12.1% (95%CI: 0.09, 0.15), which is a relatively low progression rate. However, we observed heterogeneity among the 16 articles. Subgroup analysis was performed, and patients who underwent repeat biopsy within 6 months according to the guidelines had a lower csPCa incidence (effective size (ES)=0.09, 95%CI: 0.060, 0.120) than those who underwent biopsy after more than 6 months (ES=0.221, 95%CI: 0.094, 0.349). CONCLUSION: Repeat biopsy can be safely deferred for patients diagnosed with ASAP. We believe our results may help to improve management strategies and encourage clinicians to choose more patient-friendly or non-invasive diagnostic evaluations.

Knockdown of Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing-1 Inhibits the Proliferation and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells.

Collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (CTHRC1), a secreted glycoprotein, is frequently upregulated in human cancers. However, the functional role of CTHRC1 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the role of CTHRC1 in RCC. Our results demonstrated that CTHRC1 was upregulated in RCC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of CTHRC1 significantly inhibits the proliferation in RCCs. Furthermore, knockdown of CTHRC1 significantly inhibited the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in RCCs, as well as suppressed RCC cell migration and invasion. Mechanistically, knockdown of CTHRC1 inhibited the expression of ß-catenin, c-Myc, and cyclin D1 in RCC cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that CTHRC1 downregulation inhibited proliferation, migration, EMT, and ß-catenin expression in RCC cells. Therefore, CTHRC1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of RCC.

Thermal comfort and thermoregulation in manned space flight / 中国应用生理学杂志

Exposure to thermal environment is one of the main concerns for manned space exploration. By focusing on the works performed on thermoregulation at microgravity or simulated microgravity, we endeavored to review the investigation on space thermal environmental physiology. First of all, the application of medical requirements for the crew module design from normal thermal comfort to accidental thermal emergencies in a space craft will be addressed. Then, alterations in the autonomic and behavioral temperature regulation caused by the effect of weightlessness both in space flight and its simulation on the ground are also discussed. Furthermore, countermeasures like exercise training, simulated natural ventilation, encouraged drink, etc., in the protection of thermoregulation during space flight is presented. Finally, the challenge of space thermal environment physiology faced in the future is figured out.

[Observation on biological characteristics of wild Pseudostellaria heterophylla].

OBJECTIVE: To study the status and regular pattern in growing development of wild Pseudostellaria heterophylla. METHODS: Observed and studied on wild Pseudostellaria heterophylla during growth periods continuously. RESULTS: The growing development of Pseudostellaria heterophylla could be divided into three stages: asexual reproduction stage, coexistence of asexual and sexual reproduction stage. In the first two years of seed germination, there was only asexual reproduction, from which substitute tuberous root and cauline tuberous root were formed; Afterward flowering and fructifying sexual reproduction occurred to the plant that had developed from tuberous root while it continued with asexual reproduction; Only sexual reproduction existed during the last year of the Pseudostellaria heterophylla plant before its death. The Pseudostellaria heterophylla plant above ground grew from early spring to late autumn and over-wintered with tuberous root. There were two patterns of asexual reproduction: substitution with tuberous root in spring and expanding of adventitious root on stolon into cauline tuberous root in autumn. All tuberous roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla were originated from adventitious root; The existence of tuberous root was one year at most; The rapidly expanding period of tuberous root was during February and March. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide a reference for reformative cultivation of Pseudostellaria heterophylla.