Associations between serum uric acid and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Serum uric acid (SUA) may be involved in the development of cancer by inhibiting oxidative stress, but its relationship with breast cancer remains unclear. METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched systematically for studies on SUA levels in women with breast cancer and the effect of SUA levels on the risk of breast cancer. The Newcastle‒Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of all relevant studies included. RESULTS: A total of 19 studies were included, including 75,827 women with breast cancer and 508,528 healthy controls. A meta-analysis found that SUA levels were negatively correlated with breast cancer risk in women (HR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89 - 0.99, p = 0.003). SUA levels in female breast cancer patients were not significantly different from those in healthy controls (SMD = 0.49, 95% CI = -0.09 - 1.08, p = 0.10), while SUA levels were increased in female breast cancer patients in articles published after 2010, SUA concentration detected by spectrophotometry, and non-Asian populations, regardless of menopausal state and treatment state. CONCLUSION: High levels of SUA may reduce the risk of breast cancer in women, suggesting that SUA was a protective factor in women.

Potential correlations between asymmetric disruption of functional connectivity and metabolism in major depressive disorder.

OBJECTIVE: Previous research has suggested a connection between major depressive disorder (MDD) and certain comorbidities, including gastrointestinal issues, thyroid dysfunctions, and glycolipid metabolism abnormalities. However, the relationships between these factors and asymmetrical alterations in functional connectivity (FC) in adults with MDD remain unclear. METHOD: We conducted a study on a cohort of 42 MDD patients and 42 healthy controls (HCs). Participants underwent comprehensive clinical assessments, including evaluations of blood lipids and thyroid hormone levels, as well as resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) scans. Data analysis involved correlation analysis to compute the parameter of asymmetry (PAS) for the entire brain's functional connectome. We then examined the interrelationships between abnormal PAS regions in the brain, thyroid hormone levels, and blood lipid levels. RESULTS: The third-generation ultra-sensitive thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH3UL) level was found to be significantly lower in MDD patients compared to HCs. The PAS score of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) decreased, while the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (Bi-PCC) PAS increased in MDD patients relative to HCs. Notably, the PAS score of the left IFG negatively correlated with both TSH and total cholesterol (CHOL) levels. However, these correlations lose significance after the Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSION: MDD patients demonstrated abnormal asymmetry in resting-state FC (Rs-FC) within the fronto-limbic system, which may be associated with CHOL and thyroid hormone levels.

Machine learning-based diagnostic model for preoperative differentiation between xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis and gallbladder carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Background: Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) and gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) share similar imaging and serological profiles, posing significant challenges in accurate preoperative diagnosis. This study aimed to identify reliable indicators and develop a predictive model to differentiate between XGC and GBC. Methods: This retrospective study involved 436 patients from Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University. Comprehensive preoperative imaging, including ultrasound, Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and blood tests, were analyzed. Machine learning (Random Forest method) was employed for variable selection, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to construct a nomogram for predicting GBC. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and RStudio software. Results: The study identified gender, Murphy's sign, absolute neutrophil count, glutamyl transpeptidase level, carcinoembryonic antigen level, and comprehensive imaging diagnosis as potential risk factors for GBC. A nomogram incorporating these factors demonstrated high predictive accuracy for GBC, outperforming individual or combined traditional diagnostic methods. External validation of the nomogram showed consistent results. Conclusion: The study successfully developed a predictive nomogram for distinguishing GBC from XGC with high accuracy. This model, integrating multiple clinical and imaging indicators, offers a valuable tool for clinicians in making informed diagnostic decisions. The findings advocate for the use of comprehensive preoperative evaluations combined with advanced analytical tools to improve diagnostic accuracy in complex medical conditions.

Research progress on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine intervening in esophageal cancer by microRNA regulation / 中国药房

Esophageal cancer （EC） is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system with an extremely poor prognosis. MicroRNA （miRNA） is an important regulator in tumor occurrence and development， and can participate in malignant biological behaviors such as tumor cell proliferation， invasion， metastasis and apoptosis. Traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of accurate curative effects， wide range of effects， and few side effects. The review uses miRNA as the entry point to systematically elaborate on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine-mediated miRNA intervening in EC. The results showed that active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine （including curcumin， Tussilago farfara polysaccharides， Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharides and ophiopogonin B） and Dougen guanshitong oral liquid could up-regulate the expressions of miRNAs such as miRNA-532-3p （miR-532-3p）， miR-551b-3p， miR-99a， miR-34a， miR-199a-3p and miR-377； and the active ingredients/parts of traditional Chinese medicine （including chrysin and Actinidia arguta extract）， and Chinese herbal formulas （including Chaihu shugan san combined with Xuanfu daizhe decoction and Modified jupi zhuru decoction） could down-regulate the expressions of miRNAs such as miR-199a-3p， miR-451 and miR-21， which could regulate the expressions of signaling pathways （phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B， etc.） or their downstream protein（zinc-finger and homeobox protein 1， etc.） or enzymes（thymidine kinase-1， etc.）， inhibit the proliferation， invasion and metastasis of EC cells and induce apoptosis， thereby ultimately achieving the purpose of preventing the disease from aggravating.

Progress and prospect of inhaled biological agents in asthma / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

More than 300 million people worldwide suffer from asthma, and the incidence is increasing year by year. As one of the most common chronic diseases, asthma is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease with complex triggering mechanisms and strong heterogeneity. With the in-depth study of physiological and pathological mechanisms, therapeutic small molecule and hormone drugs have been introduced to control and treat most patients, but about 5% - 10% of patients still suffer from various subtypes of difficult to control and treat asthma, that is, severe asthma. In the past decade, with the rapid development of bio-pharmaceutical research, protein and antibody have become the key drugs for the treatment of severe asthma with high efficacy, high specificity and high safety. However, biological drugs are usually administered by injection, they cannot be noninvasive and directly delivered into the lung to quickly absorb and take effect. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the introduction of inhaled biologics with quick effectiveness, convenience, economy and safety in clinical. The review summarizes the existing small molecule, hormone and biological therapy drugs, and summarizes the development of inhalable biological agents of asthma, and analyzes the future prospects of the inhalable biological drugs, which is designed to deepen the perception of the direction of the inhalable biological drugs research, and update the information of the field, in order to provide reference for the development of more inhalable biologics.

Role of NF-κB Signaling Pathway in "Reflux Esophagitis-esophageal Cancer" and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention：A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Reflux esophagitis is an inflammatory disease of esophageal mucosa damage caused by the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. Its incidence is on the rise， and it has become an important precancerous disease of esophageal cancer. Studies have shown that the continuous inflammatory response stimulates the esophageal mucosa， causing abnormal proliferation of esophageal epithelial cells and damage to esophageal mucosal tissue， which eventually leads to the occurrence of heterogeneous hyperplasia and even carcinogenesis. The nuclear transcription factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway is one of the most classical inflammatory and cancer signaling pathways. It has been found that abnormal activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway is crucial to the development and prognosis of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer. It is widely involved in the proliferation， autophagy， apoptosis， and inflammatory response of esophageal epithelial cells and tumor cells， accelerating the transformation of reflux esophagitis to esophageal cancer and making it a potential target for the treatment of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer. Currently， there is no specific treatment for reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， and large side effects often appear. Therefore， finding a promising and safe drug remains a top priority. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine scholars have conducted a lot of research on NF-κB signaling pathway， and the results indicate that NF-κB signaling pathway is an important potential target for traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， but there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic elaboration. Therefore， this paper summarized the relevant studies in recent years， analyzed the relationship among NF-κB signaling pathway， reflux esophagitis， esophageal cancer， and transformation from inflammation to cancer， and reviewed the research literature on the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer.

The role of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB in the protective effect of ulinastatin on the intestinal mucosal barrier in mice with sepsis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB (Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor/nuclear factor kappa B) signalling pathway on the protective effect of ulinastatin on the intestinal mucosal barrier in mice with sepsis. METHODS: A mouse model of sepsis was established by classical caecal ligation and perforation. Forty-four SPF C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the following four groups with 11 mice in each group: the control group (Con group), ulinastatin group (Uti group), Uti + LPS (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) group (Uti + LPS group) and LPS group. Mice in the Con group and Uti group received saline or ulinastatin injected 2 h after modelling; Mice in the Uti + LPS group received LPS injected 0 h after modelling, other procedures were the same as in the Uti group; Mice in the LPS group received LPS only. At 48 h after surgery, the levels of TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α, TNF-α), IL-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6) and IL-1ß (interleukin-1ß, IL-1ß) in vein, and the expression of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB mRNA in small intestinal mucosa tissues using ELISA and RT‒PCR. RESULTS: The pathological specimens showed increased inflammatory injury in the Con and LPS groups, while these injuries and changes improved in the Uti group. The scores of intestinal mucosal injury at 48 h of Uti injection were significantly lower than those of the Con group (P < 0.001), while the scores of intestinal mucosal injury of Uti + LPS were significantly higher than those of the Uti group (P = 0.044). The expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1ß in the Uti decreased significantly at 48 h after surgery than that in the Con group (P = 0.001, P = 0.014, P = 0.004), while the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1ß in the Uti + LPS group increased significantly after surgery than that in the Uti group (P = 0.026, P = 0.040, P = 0.039). The expression of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB mRNA in the Uti group decreased significantly compared with that in the Con group (P = 0.001, P = 0.021, P = 0.007), while the expression of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB mRNA in the Uti + LPS group was higher than that in the Uti group (P = 0.023, P = 0.040, P = 0.045). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the protective effect of ulinastatin on the intestinal mucosal barrier against sepsis may be mediated through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.

Unipolar and bipolar electrograms to predict successful ablation site of premature ventricular contractions originating from the free wall of the tricuspid annulus.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to identify the characteristics of unipolar and bipolar electrogram (UniEGM and BiEGM) in guiding successful ablation of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) originating from the free wall of the ventricular aspect of the tricuspid annulus (TA). We hypothesized that the negative concordance pattern (NCP) on the onset of UniEGM and BiEGM, together with the least value of the difference between the earliest BiEGM and UniEGM dV/dTmax, might improve the accuracy of conventional mapping. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty consecutive patients who underwent successful catheter ablation from February 2018 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The BiEGM and UniEGM for successful ablation sites were compared with those for non-successful ablation sites. Among the 30 patients, 30 successful and 26 nonsuccessful ablation sites were compared. The earliest activation time of the BiEGM (BiEGMoneset-QRS) was 25 ± 6 ms for the successful ablation sites and 21 ± 6 ms for the nonsuccessful ablation sites (p = .47). The value of the difference in the earliest BiEGM and UniEGM dV/dTmax differed between successful and nonsuccessful ablation sites (6.4 ± 3.6 ms vs. 10.4 ± 6.8 ms). NCP was observed at 90.0% and 42.3% of the successful and nonsuccessful ablation sites, respectively. Alignment of NCP and BiEGMonset-UniEGM ≤6 ms was applied as the mapping criterion for successful PVC suppression (73.1% sensitivity and 87.7% specificity). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for this cutoff was 0.85. CONCLUSION: Mapping based on an NCP at the onset of the BiEGM and UniEGM and the least difference value of the earliest BiEGM and UniEGM dV/dTmax had an excellent predictive value for successful ablation. These strategies may reduce the number of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) applications for free-wall tricuspid annular PVCs.

Utility of Ultrasonography for Diagnosing and Differentiating Periapical Granuloma from Radicular Cyst.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the reliability and accuracy of high-resolution ultrasonography (US) for diagnosing periapical lesions and differentiating radicular cysts from granulomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 109 teeth with periapical lesions of endodontic origin from 109 patients scheduled for apical microsurgery. Ultrasonic outcomes were analyzed and categorized after thorough clinical and radiographic examinations using US. B-mode US images reflected the echotexture, echogenicity, and lesion margin, while color Doppler US assessed the presence and features of blood flow of interested areas. Pathological tissue samples were obtained during apical microsurgery and subjected to histopathological examination. Fleiss' κ was used to measure interobserver reliability. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic validity and the overall agreement between US and histological findings. The reliability of US compared to histopathological examinations was assessed based on Cohen's κ. RESULTS: The percent accuracy of US for diagnosing cysts, granulomas, and cysts with infection based on histopathological findings was 89.9%, 89.0%, and 97.2%, respectively. The sensitivity of US diagnoses was 95.1% for cysts, 84.1% for granulomas, and 80.0% for cysts with infection. The specificity of US diagnoses was 86.8% for cysts, 95.7% for granulomas, and 98.1% for cysts with infection. The reliability for US compared to histopathological examinations was good (κ = 0.779). CONCLUSION: The echotexture characteristics of lesions in US images correlated with their histopathological features. US can provide accurate information on the nature of periapical lesions based on the echotexture of their contents and the presence of vascularity. It can help improve clinical diagnosis and avoid overtreatment of patients with apical periodontitis.

Impact of long-term fertilization on phosphorus fractions and manganese oxide with their interactions in paddy soil aggregates.

One under-studied microelement, manganese (Mn), due to its potential to considerably interact, and limit labile, and moderately-labile soil phosphorus (P) pools, was studied in Nanchang (NC), and Qiyang (QY) under paddy conditions. The Hedley's P sequential fractionation procedure was utilized to extract, and quantify various P fractions at both surface (0-20 cm) and subsurface (20-40 cm) layers. Unfertilized control (CK), nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK), and NPK amended with animal manure (NPKM) were used as treatments. From both sites, the manure amended fertilizer (NPKM) compared to chemical NPK formed higher proportions of macro-aggregates (>2 and 2-0.25 mm) in both layers. Total P (TP) values of 842.1 (>2 mm), and 744.4 mg kg-1 (2-0.25 mm) from NC, and QY, respectively were accumulated by NPKM compared to NPK, and CK. Total P values of 806.4, and 350.4 mg kg-1 in the >2 mm aggregate size, respectively for NC, and QY were observed in the subsurface layer. Inorganic moderately labile P (NaOH-Pi) was the dominant fraction under all fertilizer treatments. Concentrations of 232.3 (<0.053 mm), and 202.1 mg kg-1 (0.25-0.053 mm) of NaOH-Pi were accumulated by NPKM, respectively for NC, and QY in the surface layer. In the subsurface layer, concentrations of NaOH-Pi (217.5 mg kg-1; <0.053 mm) from NC, and residual-P (57.3 mg kg-1; >2 mm) from QY were accumulated by NPKM. Similarly, NPKM in contrast to NPK contributed higher Mehlich-3 manganese (M3-Mn) oxide in all aggregate sizes from both sites. Generally, macro-aggregates contributed higher TP, fractions of P, and M3-Mn oxide than micro-aggregates. There was a positive relationship between P pools and M3-Mn oxide at both sites. Additions of animal manure were associated with increased P fractions, and Mn oxides in the paddy soil aggregates, which raises environmental concern.

Research Progress of β-Klotho in Energy Metabolism and Tumor Development / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

β-Klotho (KLB) is a member of the Klotho protein family, which is mainly distributed in organs and tissues such as the liver, fat, pancreas, and brain. KLB is a single-pass transmembrane protein whose structural characteristics determine that KLB acts as a co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19/21 targeting the activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFRs). KLB is involved in the regulation of blood glucose, lipids, body weight, bile acid circulation, and hepatocyte proliferation in the FGF21/19-KLB-FGFRs pathway. This paperwill review the structural characteristics and distribution of KLB, as well as the regulatory mechanism of material energy and its role in tumor formation in the FGF19/21-KLB-FGFRs pathways.

Betulinic Acid Improves Cardiac Function in Septic Rats Through AKT / mTOR and AKT / AMPK -modulated Autophagy / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Betulinic acid (BA) exerts protective effects on organs in septic animals. However, whether BA can improve cardiac function in sepsis and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Here, male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with BA (25 mg/ kg/ d, i. g.) for 5 days and then intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/ kg). The rats were anesthetized to determine transthoracic echocardiography using a high-resolution imaging system for small animals after they were treated with LPS for 6 h. Histopathologic alterations were examined by HE staining. Myocardial injury markers (cTnI and CK-MB) and inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in the serum were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Autophagy-related proteins (p62 and LC3 Ⅱ) and AKT-modulated autophagy pathways in the myocardium were determined by Western blotting. Pretreatment with BA markedly improved left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and fraction shortening (FS) (P<0. 05), improved myocardial histomorphology, and significantly inhibited cTnI, CK-MB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 (P<0. 05) in the septic rat serum. BA markedly decreased p62 (P<0. 01), increased LC3 Ⅱ (P< 0. 001), and significantly down-regulated p-AKT (Thr308), p-AMPKα (Ser485/ 491), p-mTOR (Ser2448) and p-S6K (Thr389) (P<0. 05), while markedly up-regulated p-AMPKα (Thr172) and pULK1 (Ser317) (P<0. 01) in septic rat hearts. The findings indicate that BA can attenuate sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunctions associated with down-regulating autophagy inhibiting pathways mediated by AKT/ mTOR and AKT/ AMPK pathways.

Role and mechanism of DAPT in chronic social defeat stress-induced depressive-like behavior in mice / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the role and mechanism of DAPT in chronic stress-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Methods C57BL/6J mice were treated with the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) for 10 days to establish a depression model. Mice in the drug-treated group were injected intraperitoneally with 5 mg • kg

Demographic difference and influencing factors of motivations between whole blood and plasmapheresis donors: a comparative study / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the difference of demographics and influencing factors of motivations between whole blood donors and plasmapheresis donors, so as to provide scientific reference for effective recruitment strategy. 【Methods】 A total of 200 whole blood donors from Guangyuan Blood Center and 200 plasmapheresis donors from Jiange Plasmapheresis Station were selected in August 2021 for on-site questionnaire survey using the method of cross-sectional survey. Statistical analysis was performed by chi-square test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression. 【Results】 There were significant differences in gender, age, occupation, education level and annual family income between whole blood donors and plasmapheresis donors (P<0.05). Males accounted for a large proportion of whole blood donors(124/196, 63.3%), whereas females accounted for a large proportion of plasmapheresis donors(117/198, 59.1%). There was little difference in the number of whole blood donors in different age groups, while the age of plasmapheresis donors was concentrated in 40~59 years old (167/198, 84.3%). In terms of occupation, civil servants (including public institutions) accounted the highest proportion in whole blood donors (41/196, 20.9%), and farmers accounted the highest proportion (152/198, 76.8%) in plasmapheresis donors. The number of whole blood donors increased with the education level, and donors with college/university and above degree accounted the largest proportion (80/196, 40.8%). Plasmapheresis donors with junior middle school education and college/university and above accounted the largest and smallest proportion (49.5% vs 4.5%). The annual family income of whole blood donors ranged from 30 000 to 80 000 yuan accounted the largest proportion (109/196, 55.6%), and the annual family income of plasmapheresis donors less than 30 000 yuan accounted the largest proportion (132/198, 66.7%). 【Conclusion】 There were significant statistical differences in gender, age, education level, occupation and annual family income between whole blood and plasmapheresis donors. Therefore, targeted recruitment strategies should be formulated.

Analysis of the impact of setting up plasmapheresis station on the collection volume of voluntary blood donation based on panel vector autoregressive model / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the dynamic relationship between the setting up of plasmapheresis station and the volume of voluntary blood donation collected using panel vector autoregressive model, so as to provide scientific reference for the management policies of blood stations and plasmapheresis stations in China. 【Methods】 The data collected from blood stations in seven administrative regions of Guangyuan, Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2021, as well as plasma collection data from two plasmapheresis stations in the region within two years since their operation, were collected. A panel vector autoregressive model was constructed. Impulse response analysis and variance decomposition analysis were used to analyze the impact and time lag effects of simulated plasmapheresis station settings on the collection volume of voluntary blood donation. Covariance analysis was used to explore whether the establishment of plasmapheresis station had an impact on the volume of voluntary blood donation collected after excluding the impact of initial value differences. 【Results】 The pulse response results showed that after the plasmapheresis station was set up, there was a negative impact effect on the voluntary blood donation collection volume at the first stage, and its impact began to rise after the second stage, reached the highest value in the third stage, and then began to decline. After the seventh stage, it tended to be stable. However, within the 10 stage range, the confidence interval for the response strength of voluntary blood donation collection volume always included 0, indicating that the response of blood collection volume to the plasmapheresis station setting in the region was not statistically significant. The results of variance decomposition showed that the contribution of collection volume of voluntary blood donation to their own impact reached 94.3%. In terms of the contribution of plasmapheresis station factors, the number of plasma donors has a relatively greater impact on the volume of voluntary blood donation collected(2.2%). Covariance analysis showed that after removing the initial confounding factors, whether to establish a plasmapheresis station had no significant impact on blood donation volume in the two groups of regions (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 The establishment of a new plasmapheresis station will have a certain impact on blood collection volume of blood stations in the region in a short term, but in the long term, it may not directly affect the voluntary blood donation collection in the region.

Investigation and analysis of characteristics and mobility of the overlapping population of voluntary blood donation and plasmapheresis donation / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the characteristics and mobility of the overlapping population of voluntary blood donation and plasmapheresis donation, so as to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of recruitment and retention strategies for blood donation and plasmapheresis donation, and to further propose a scientific reference for the decision-making of blood banks and plasmapheresis station management in China. 【Methods】 The basic information of blood donors and plasmapheresis donors in two counties in Guangyuan, Sichuan Province, which carried out whole blood collection and plasmapheresis collection from the establishment of the station to July 31, 2021 was statistically compared and analzed using the chi-square test and Post hoc testing test. 【Results】 As of July 31, 2021, a total of 50 658 people participated in blood donation and 63 375 people participated in plasmapheresis donation in Jiange County and Cangxi County, with a total overlap of 6 189 people. In the two regions, 16 458 (35.2%) people aged 40 to 50, and 35 558 people (56.1%) were over 50 years old. Among the overlapping population, 2 496 (40.3%) were 40 to 50 years old, accounted for the largest proportion, and 3 146 (50.8%) were males. Significant differences were noticed in age (P<0.001) and gender (P<0.001). There was a shift in dontion in 5 183, including 2 072 people from plasma to blood and 3 111 people from blood to plasma, among which 2 671 (51.5%) were men and 3 632 (70.1%) were over 50 years old, with significant differences in gender (P<0.05) and age (P<0.001). 【Conclusion】 There were a small number of donors donating both blood and plasma in Jiange and Cangxi, and men aged 40 to 50 were the majority, and people over 50 years old were more likely to shift the donation goals. The vast majority of donors have a single and fixed donation goal (blood or plasma), and are not easy to change.

Geographic Variations in the Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Dyslipidemia among Chinese Adults in 2018-2019: A Cross-sectional Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the spatial patterns of the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of dyslipidemia at the provincial level in China.@*METHODS@#A national and provincial representative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 178,558 Chinese adults in 31 provinces in mainland China in 2018-2019, using a multi-stage, stratified, cluster-randomized sampling design. Subjects, as households, were selected, followed by a home visit to collect information. Both descriptive and linear regression procedures were applied in the analyses.@*RESULTS@#The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 35.6%, and wide geographic variations of prevalence, treatment, and control rates of dyslipidemia were identified among 178,558 eligible participants with a mean age of 55.1 ± 13.8 years. The highest-lowest difference regarding the provincial level prevalence rates were 19.7% vs. 2.1% for high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 16.7% vs. 2.5% for high total cholesterol, 35.9% vs. 5.4% for high triglycerides, and 31.4% vs. 10.5% for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The treatment rate of dyslipidemia was correlated with the socio-demographic index ( P < 0.001), urbanization rate ( P = 0.01), and affordable basic technologies and essential medicines ( P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Prevailing dyslipidemia among the Chinese population and its wide geographic variations in prevalence, treatment, and control suggest that China needs both integrated and localized public health strategies across provinces to improve lipid management.

T cell immunotherapy mediated by dual-affinity aptamer targeted liposome / 药学学报

Redirecting immune cells to the tumor cells and enhancing its anti-tumor immune response is a very promising cancer treatment strategy. AS1411 aptamers have high affinity for malignant tumors with high nucleolin expression, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) aptamers can specifically bind to CTLA-4, which is expressed by T cells. In this study, a dual-affinity aptamer targeted liposome (Dat. Lipo) was constructed based on AS1411 aptamer and CTLA-4 aptamer, and its immunotherapeutic effect on T cells was studied. After the aptamer was modified with cholesterol, Dat. Lipo was prepared by instillation method; its effect of redirecting T cells was determined by confocal micrographs; its T cell immunotherapy effect was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and T cell penetration was evaluated by tumor spheroids. The results showed that compared with liposomes loaded with one type aptamer, Dat. Lipo could effectively promote the redirection of T cells to tumor cells; Dat. Lipo had good biosafety and immunotherapeutic effect on MCF-7 and HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner; Dat. Lipo could also promote T cells to infiltrate into the tumor spheroids and enhance the immunotherapy effect of T cells in different dimensions. In summary, Dat. Lipo can use the high affinity of aptamers to redirect T cells to tumor cells, enhance the effect of immunotherapy, and has a promising application prospect in tumor therapy. This study was approved by the Examination Committee of Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital.

Diagnosis of a case with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 5 through high-throughput sequencing and a literature review / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of a patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 5 (HPS-5).@*METHODS@#A child with HPS-5 who had attended the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University on October 3, 2019 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the child were collected. Genetic variant was analyzed through high-throughput sequencing. A literature review was also carried out.@*RESULTS@#The child, a 1-year-and-5-month-old girl, had nystagmus since childhood, lost of retinal pigmentation by fundus examination and easy bruising. High-throughput sequencing revealed that she has harbored compound heterozygous variants of the HPS5 gene, namely c.1562_1563delAA (p.F521Sfs*27) and c.1404C>A (p.C468X), which were inherited from his father and mother, respectively. Based on the guidelines from the American College for Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), both variants were predicted to be pathogenic (PVS+PM2_Supporting+PM3+PP4). Among 18 previously reported HPS-5 patients, all had had eye problems, and most of them had tendency for bleeding. Eight cases had carried compound heterozygous variants of the HPS5 gene, 8 carried homozygous variants, 2 carried double homozygous variants, and most of them were null mutations.@*CONCLUSION@#The c.1562_1563delAA(p.F521Sfs*27) and c.1404C>A (p.C468X) compound heterozygous variants of the HPS5 gene probably underlay the HPS-5 in this child. High-throughput sequencing has provided an important tool for the diagnosis. HSP-5 patients usually have typical ocular albinism and/or oculocutaneous albinism and tendency of bleeding, which are commonly caused by compound heterozygous and homozygous variants of the HPS5 gene, though serious complications have been rare.

Efficacy and safety of SIMPLE regimen in treatment of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of SIMPLE regimen in the treatment of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL).Methods:The clinical data of 11 patients with ENKTCL who were admitted to the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital from January 2012 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients received 4-6 courses of SIMPLE (cisplatin, gemcitabine, ifosfamide, etoposide, dexamethasone, and pegasparaginase) regimen chemotherapy, and stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients who also received local radiotherapy after 2 or 3 courses of chemotherapy. Patients were evaluated for mid-treatment and end-of-treatment outcomes, and the adverse effects of patients were evaluated in each treatment cycle. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the 11 patients.Results:All 11 patients were nasal type, with the median age of 41 years old (26-67 years old), including 5 males and 6 females, 3 relapsed cases and 8 newly treated cases. Of the 10 patients evaluated for efficacy, 9 achieved complete remission and 1 achieved at least partial remission (efficacy was assessed based on follow-up). All 11 patients were followed up for a median time of 50 months (15-72 months) and 2 relapsed patients died due to disease progression. The expected 5-year PFS rate and OS rate of 11 patients were both 90.0%, and the expected 5-year OS rate was 100.0% and 66.6% in newly treated and relapsed patients, respectively. Common adverse effects were hematologic adverse reactions, infections, gastrointestinal symptoms, elevated transaminases, and hypofibrinogenemia, all of which were curable. There is no treatment-related death.Conclusions:The SIMPLE regimen for the treatment of ENKTCL has a high remission rate, the patients have long survival time, and the regimen is moderately well tolerated.