Ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol attenuates depressive-like behaviour and neuroinflammation in chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive rats.

20 (S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) possesses a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, antifatigue and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was aimed to investigate the antidepressant-like effects of PPD and potential mechanisms in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model. Results showed that chronic treatment with PPD for 14 days ameliorated depressive-like behaviour, as indicated by the increase in sucrose preference in the sucrose preference test and decrease in immobility in the forced swim test and tail suspension test. In addition, PPD decreased the elevated levels of CORT and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1ß and TNF-α) in the serum and neurotransmitters (5-HT and NE) in the hippocampus and PFC induced by CUMS. PPD suppressed the microglial activation in the DG induced by CUMS. Furthermore, our results suggested that rats treated with PPD displayed decreased iNOS, COX2, cleaved-caspase3, cleaved-caspase9, Bax, Bcl-2, and ac-p65 levels and increased Sirt1 levels in the hippocampus. In conclusion, this study indicated that PPD exerts promising antidepressant-like effects in CUMS rats that are mediated in part through alterations in the dysfunction of the HPA axis, the normalization of the levels of neurotransmitters, and the suppression of neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation, possibly through the regulation of the SIRT1/NF-kB signalling pathway.

Antidepressant effects of DS-1226 on mouse models of depression induced by chronic sleep interruption / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To investigate the antidepressant effect of DS-1226, a hydrolysate of ginsenosides, on a mouse model of depression induced by chronic sleep interruption, and provide scientific evidence for the research and de?velopment of antidepressant drugs. Methods 72 male ICR mice were divided into control group, model group, positive control group (paroxetine hydrochloride, 10 mg/kg) and 3 treatment groups (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg of DS?1226). Except the control group, the other mice were put into a rotary roller (parameter settings:1 min/rev;rest 2 min af?ter 1 rev) for 3 days of drum adaptation, 3 h/d. Then making model for 14 days in the roller( parameter settings:1 min/rev;rest 2 min after 1 rev) . The antidepressant effects of DS?1226 were evaluated by weight monitoring, open?field test, tail suspension test, and forced swimming test. Results After 14 d sleep disturbance, compared with the control group,the body weight, immobility time in tail suspension test and forced swimming test were significantly decreased in the model group. Compared with the model group, DS?1226(40 mg/kg)significantly reversed the weight loss caused by sleep disturb?ance. Paroxetine significantly reduced the immobility time of tail suspension test. DS?1226 (40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg)signifi?cantly decreased the immobility time of tail suspension test, and DS?1226 (80 mg/kg) significantly decreased the immobil?ity time of forced swimming test. Conclusion The hydrolysate of ginsenosides DS?1226 shows antidepressant effect on mouse model of depression induced by chronic sleep interruption.