Evaluation of the cross-protection of the Vero cell-derived attenuated influenza vaccines with compound adjuvant, through intranasal immunization.

This study was to evaluate the sufficient safety and effect of the novel influenza vaccine program. It prepared new reassortant influenza virus, with high yield on Vero cells. According to the plaque counting, one dose LAIV was composed with 105 PFU of H1, H3, BY, and BV, respectively. Then mixed this LAIV with compound adjuvant, containing 500 µg/mL of carbopol971P and 50 µg/mL of tetanus toxin. That vaccination was called catt-flu. And it employed the GYZZ02 vaccine (commercialized freeze-dried LAIV, listed in China) as cohort analysis control. All mice received two doses of the vaccine, administered on days 0 and 14, respectively. That catt-flu program could induce more cross-protection with neutralizing antibody against heterogeneous types of influenza virus, not only based on HA but also NA protective antigen, through convenient nasal immunization, which had non-inferiority titter compared with the chicken embryo-derived GYZZ02 vaccine on safe and effect. The Vero cell-derived vaccine (LAIV) combined compound catt adjuvant (contain carbopol971P and tetanus toxin) could provide another safety and protective program of influenza vaccine by intranasal administration, as catt-flu program.

A comparative study on calculation of intraocular lens power using different formulas between IOLMaster 700 and IOLMaster 500 in cataract eyes / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To compare the accuracy of IOLMaster 700 and IOLMaster 500 in intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.Two hundred and sixty-two eyes of 262 patients who underwent phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from November 2018 to November 2019 were enrolled.Preoperative biometry for cataract surgery was performed using IOLMaster 700 and IOLMaster 500.IOL power was calculated through the built-in formulas, Haigis, Holladay Ⅰ, Hoffer Q and SRK/T of the two devices.The difference in IOL power calculation between the two devices was analyzed through the prediction error of IOL power calculation using different formulas across different axial length (AL) ranges.This study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (No.2020-038-K-33). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before the surgery.Results:There was no significant difference in mean absolute error (MAE) between IOLMaster 700 and IOLMaster 500 using Haigis, Hoffer Q and SRK/T over the entire AL range (all at P >0.05). The MAE of IOLMaster 500 was 0.47 (0.24, 0.90) D, which was significantly lower than 0.50 (0.28, 0.99) D of IOLMaster 700 using Holladay Ⅰ formula ( Z=-3.120, P=0.002). When AL was <22.0 mm and ≥24.5 mm-<26.0 mm, there was no significant difference in MAE between the two devices using the four formulas (all at P >0.05). When AL was ≥22.0 mm-24.5 mm, there was no significant difference in the MAE between the two devices using Haigis, Hoffer Q and SRK/T (all at P >0.05), but 0.42 (0.18, 0.75) D from IOLMaster 500 was smaller than 0.45 (0.25, 0.79) D from IOLMaster 700 using Holladay Ⅰ, showing a statistically significant difference ( Z=-3.487, P <0.001). But the difference was negligible and therefore was of no clinical significance.When AL was ≥26.0 mm, there was no statistically significant difference in the MAE between the two devices using Haigis, Holladay Ⅰ and SRK/T, but 0.66 (0.38, 1.00) D from IOLMaster 500 was significantly smaller than 0.98 (0.62, 1.32) D from IOLMaster 700 using Hoffer Q ( Z=-3.046, P=0.002). Conclusions:The refractive prediction accuracy of IOLMaster 700 and IOLMaster 500 using Haigis, Hoffer Q and SRK/T is similar over the entire AL range.For patient with long AL, the IOL calculation from IOLMaster 700 using Hoffer Q is significantly larger than that from IOLMaster 500, which requires extra caution in clinical practice.The accuracy of IOLMaster 700 and IOLMaster 500 for IOL prediction is very similar.

Application of Chinese VF-11R questionnaire in presenting low vision cataract patients undergoing surgery / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To assess the applying value of Chinese shorter version of the Visual Function Index questionnaire (VF-11R-CN) for presenting low-vision cataract pre-operation and post-operation by using minimal clinically important difference (MCID) determined by combination of distribution-based with anchor-based methods, and to compare the improvement rate of vision-related quality of life (VRQol).Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed in this study.Ninety-eight patients with presenting low vision cataract were enrolled at Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from May 2018 to June 2019.All the patients received a phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation.A questionnaire survey was carried out with VF-11R-CN Scale before surgery and 1 month-3 months after surgery, and a complement anchor item was added during the questionnaire after surgery.The applicability of the scale was assessed by floor or ceiling effects, and score difference of the VF-11R-CN over time and effective size was determined.Distribution-based MCID was calculated using 0.5 standard deviation (SD) of score difference and 1.96 standard error of measurement (SEM). Anchor-based MCID was calculated using the slope of the linear regression analysis.In responder analysis, sensitivity and specificity of MCID was reported.The differences of postoperative VRQol improvement rate based-on MCID were compared between male and female, single eye disease and multiple eye diseases, pre-operative and post-operative scores.This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, and followed the Declaration of Helsinki.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to any medical examination.Results:A total of 85 patients completed the following up.The mean score difference was 399.51±234.92, and that of the presenting visual acuity (PVA) was 0.65±0.36.Both the minor floor and ceiling effects were 1.18% before surgery, and the ceiling effects were 22.35% after surgery.The score before surgery was significantly higher than that after surgery ( t=15.68, P<0.001). The effective size for the surgery was 1.63.The MCID was 122.23 and 123.10 according to 0.5 SD and 1.96 SEM.The linearity regression analysis showed that score difference reduced 106.17 if anchor item option increased 1.The average MCID estimate was 117.17.A total of 76 patients (89.41%) reported an improvement of VRQol.The sensitivity of MCID for the assessment of VRQol was 96.67% and specificity was 46.67%.No significant differences were found in VRQol improvement rate between gender, single cataract and multiple eye diseases or PVA (LogMAR 1.3 as cutoff value) ( P=0.73, 0.88, 0.27). Conclusions:VF-11R-CN scale is available for Chinese presenting low vision cataract patients undergoing surgery.The MCID value for the cataract surgery is 117.17 scores, with a high sensitivity and a relatively low specificity.

Three-Dimensional Morphology Study of Capsule in Pseudophakic Eyes with High-Speed Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography.

PURPOSE: To study the capsule morphology in pseudophakic eyes on the three-dimensional level using high-speed swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT). METHODS: This study collected patients with age-related cataract and divided them into two groups according to the anterior capsule and intraocular lens (IOL) optic relationship: total anterior capsule overlap (360°, Group-T) and partial anterior capsule overlap (<360°, Group-P). One standard SSOCT radial scanning was performed in all eyes at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Thirty-two eyes from 25 patients were enrolled in the Group-T and 17 eyes from 13 patients in the Group-P. No eyes achieved complete adhesion between IOL optic and posterior capsule at 1 day after the surgery. However, the rate of complete adhesion was low (15/49, 30.6%) even at 3 months postoperatively and there was no statistically difference between Group-T and Group-P (21.9% vs. 47.1%, P > 0.05). At 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after the surgery, the capsule bend index (CBI) in the Group-T was 0.02 ± 0.09, 1.35 ± 1.48, 3.60 ± 0.54, and 3.88 ± 0.19, respectively. CBI rises linearly during the first month and the rise goes stable relatively with the great reduction of standard deviation in the following 2 months (All P < 0.05). The anterior capsule opening area and diameter were both reduced in the first month, and then they both became stable. CONCLUSIONS: With square-edge IOL, posterior capsule opacification risk is still high in most eyes at 3 months postoperatively for the complete adhesion of posterior capsule and IOL was only achieved in 30.6% eyes. IOL-in-bag may be driven by the significant capsule bag changes especially in the first month postoperatively.

Repeatability of corneal power measurements by Galilei Ⅱ dual Scheimpflug analyzer in post-LASIK eyes / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background The assessment of total corneal power is essential to both the prediction of intraocular lens power before cataract surgery and the diagnosis of corneal ectasia.Objective This study was to access the repeatability of corneal power measurements in post-laser assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) eyes with GalileiⅡ dual Scheimpflug analyzer.Methods In this cross-sectional study,68 eyes of 36 subjects who received LASIK surgery more than 3 months in Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were recruited from July to September in 2011.The mean preoperative spherical equivalent diopter was (-4.95±2.08) D in the subjects with the diopter range from-1.75 D to-10.00 D.The parameters of corneal power were measured by Galilei Ⅱ dual Scheimpflug analyzer,including SimK,Ka,Kp,KG and Kray.Three-time consecutive measurements were completed in every examined eye to obtain the data of SimK,Ka,Kp,KG and Kray,respectively.The coefficient of variation (CV),standard deviation (SD),Cronbach α coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated to evaluate the repeatability.Concordance between the different measurements was assessed using Bland-Altman agreement analysis.This study followed the Helsinki Declaration,all subjects signed informed consent.Results The CVs of three-time measured SimK,Ka,Kp,KG and Kray were 0.24％,0.28％,-0.37％,0.31％ and 0.32％,respectively,and the Cronbach α values were ＞0.9 and the ICCs were ＞0.982.The Bland-Altman analysis between different measurements showed that the maximum 95％ limits of agreement (LoA) were 0.37 D for SimK,0.46 D for Ka,0.09 D for Kp,0.45 D for KG and 0.49 D for Kray,respectively.Conclusions The Galilei Ⅱ dual Scheimpflug analyzer performed high repeatability and concordance on corneal power measurements in post-LASIK eyes.The differences between measuring results are clinically acceptable.

Automatically feeding strategy for 1,3-propanediol fermentation of Klebsiella pneumoniae LDH526 / 生物工程学报

1,3-propanediol is an important chemical used as building block for the synthesis of highly promising polyesters such as polytrimethylene terephthalate. A genetically modified Klebsiella pneumoniae LDH526 can use glycerol as sole carbon source and produce 1,3-propanediol with the titer above 90 g/L. A key factor affecting the production of 1,3-propanediol by the mutant K. pneumoniae is the accurate control of the feeding of glycerol. To generate a robust and reproducible fermentation process of 1,3-propanediol, we designed and optimized an automatically feeding strategy of glycerol based on fermentation kinetics. By coupling the substrate feeding rate with easily observed variables -pH and fermentation time, we have achieved self-starting glycerol feeding and dynamic control of the glycerol concentration during the fermentation process. This automated system allowed us to generate a reproducible, consistent and operator-independent process from lab-scale to production scale. The final concentration of 1,3-propanediol was above 95 g/L after 72 h.

Expression and bioactivity of staphylococcal enterotoxin O / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To clone the mature peptide gene of seo, construct two kinds of prokaryotic fusion expression vector, obtain recombinant staphylococcal enterotoxin O(SEO) and evaluate its biological activity. Methods The seo gene was amplified from ZNZ2-3 strain of Staphylococcus xylosus by designed primers and it was cloned into fusion vector pGEX-6P-1 and pET28a. The soluble recombinant protein(GST-SEO) was expressed in E. coli BL21 host cells, the purified GST-SEO was obtained by a single step of affini-ty chromatography using Glutathinione Sepharose 4B colume. Another fusion protein(P28-SEO) with his-tag was expressed in E. coli BL21 ( DE3), the purified P28-SEO protein was harvested by nickel chelate affinity chromatography method. The antigenicity of recombinant SEO was tested by Western blot. The stimulating effects of recombinant SEO on mouse lymphocytes was tested by MTT. The activity of Caspase 3 and the ap-optosis of DNA ladder were tested. Results The nucleotide sequence of the cloned seo gene was the same as that of reported in GenBank. The soluble recombinant protein GST-SEO was expressed at 25% expression level, and P28-SEO was 22%. The Western blot by GST-SEO-positive sera demonstrated that the recombi-nant SEO had good immunogenicity. The MTY assay of the enterotoxin activity showed that low dose of re-combinant SEO stimulated the proliferation of mice spleen lymphocytes, higher doses will lead to apoptosis. Conclusion Two of the recombinant SEO still have superantigen activity, and can lead to apoptosis of mice splenocytes.