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Introduction: The concept of "flow experience," characterized by a state of immersive enjoyment and profound engagement, pertains to individuals' deep involvement in intriguing and pleasant tasks. In the field of study, individuals are in a state of flow when encountering challenging tasks, which matters considerably in completing the tasks. Therefore, learning flow is considered a hotspot in education that may be related to improving academic performance. Nonetheless, there remains contention regarding the extent of learning flow's impact on academic performance. To this end, meta-learning was hereby used to provide evidenced on the relationship between them. Methods: A systematic review was conducted under the guidance of PRISMA to examine the evidence of learning flow and academic performance, check the potential mechanism and evaluate the current evidence. Clinical research or empirical research on the influence of learning flow on academic achievement was collected by searching four databases. The literature retrieval spanned from each database's inception until June 2023, specifically covering the PubMed (2000-2023.6), Embase (1974-2023.6), Cochrane Library (1993-2023.6), and the Web of Science (1807-2023.6), with particular attention to the period between 2000 and 2023. Results: Thirteen RCTs were included, the total sample size used in the study was 3,253. Using the NOS evaluation tool of queue study, the average evaluation score of the included literatures was 7.46, indicating that the overall literature was above average. Besides, the data software StataSE was used to test the heterogeneity of the data, and the correlation coefficient and 95% confidence interval effect were found to be 0.43 (0.28, 0.57). Discussion: Our research indicates a link between learning flow and academic performance, that is, students with high learning flow levels tend to have better academic performance. At the same time, this conclusion needs to be verified by more high-quality literature and larger sample data. Systematic review registration: https://inplasy.com, identifier INPLASY202360079.
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Objective To investigate if anesthetic sensitivity to propofol will be restored after biliary decompression.Methods Twenty-four adult male SD rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups:sham group (group S),irreversible obstructive jaundice group (group Ⅰ) and reversible obstructive jaundice group (group R).The serum total bilirubin (TBL) and total bile acid (TBA) concentratins were detected in the rat blood samples collected from the caudal vein before and after the operation,3,7,14,21 d respectively.Propofol was administered to measure the time of loss of righting reflex and recovery pre or 7th and 21th day post ligation.Results Serum TBL and TBA in group Ⅰ and serum TBA in group R were significantly higher than that in group S on 3rd,7th,14th,21th day post surgery(P＜0.05).Compared with group S,seum TBL in group R were significantly high on 3rd,7th,14th day post-surgery.Serm TBL and TBA in group R were significantly lower than group Ⅰ on 14th,21th day post-surgery (P＜0.05).Compared with group S,the time to loss of righting reflex in group I and group R were significantly shortened and the time to recovery were significantly increased on 7th day post-surgery (P＜0.05).Conclusion Obstructive jaundice could significantly potentiate the ability of propofol to induce a loss of righting reflex,and the increased anesthesia sensitivity will be restored after biliary decompression.
