Policy analysis on the long-term care for disabled elderlies from the perspective of policy tools / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the focuses and shortcomings of the long-term care policy for disabled elderlies in China, for references to optimize such policies.Methods:The data came from the policy documents on long-term care for disabled elderlies published on respective official websites of various ministries and commissions from January 1, 2013 to April 20, 2022. Text quantitative analysis was used to extract policy clauses, and three types of policy tools(including 13 types of sub-tools) were used to analyze these provisions.Results:132 clauses were extracted from a total of 34 policy documents, of which the number of clauses of supply, demand and environmental policy tools were 28(21.21%), 25(18.94%) and 79(59.85%) respectively. There were few clauses on scientific and technological information support(5) and capital investment(3) in the supply-type policy tools; In terms of demand-based policy tools, there were only a few clauses for government purchase(5), pilot projects(3) and service outsourcing(2); In terms of environmental policy tools, there were only a few clauses for standard design(9) and supervision and management(7).Conclusions:The long-term care policy structure of the disabled elderly in China was not balanced, the supply-based policy tools had less scientific and technological information support, the demand-based policy tools were short and single, and the environment-based policy tools were widely used but lack of standard design. Relevant policy-making departments should further improve the accuracy of policy targets, optimize the internal structure of policy tools, pay attention to the application of scientific and technological information policies and clarify the relevant standards of care services.

Sensitivity and specificity of different staining methods to monitor apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in adherent cells / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the sensitivity and specificity of different staining methods to monitor apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in adherent cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sensitivity and specificity of several common methods for apoptosis determination were evaluated (Apo2.7-expression, Annexin V-binding, TUNEL-reaction, poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase-(PARP) cleavage and single-stranded-DNA (ssDNA) staining). Apoptosis was induced by oxidative stress generated by hydrogen peroxide in 3 cultured cells types growing as adherent monolayer (MiaPaCa-2, Hep-G2 and human skin fibroblasts), necrosis was induced by depletion of cellular ATP using sodium azide. Cells positively stained by the respective apoptosis assay were quantified and alterations of cell morphology were monitored by fluorescence microscopy. The date was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and significance test of correlation coefficient.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One hour after apoptosis induction significant cell fractions were positively stained for ssDNA (33% with MiaPaCa-2 cells, 35% with Hep-G2 cells, 56% with human skin fibroblasts). PARP-cleavage was less sensitive compared to the ssDNA-staining. Apo2.7-expression, Annexin V-binding and TUNEL-reaction were not applicable to detect early apoptosis induced by oxidative stress (below 2 hours), but were efficiently monitoring late apoptosis. Specificity of ssDNA-staining was complete with each cell type even 4 hs after induction of necrosis by the highest sodium azide concentration. In contrast, the same experimental conditions resulted in 50% - 90% positively stained necrotic cells by using Apo2.7-expression, TUNEL-reaction or Annexin V-binding. Surprisingly, specificity of PARP-cleavage was highly depending on the respective cell type.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our study prove that among the five methods investigated only ssDNA-staining allowed to completely differentiate apoptosis from necrosis, and is thus suitable to reliably detect early as well as late apoptosis. Therefore, the ssDNA-staining may be used as reference method to clearly identify apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in adherent cells. The TUNEL-reaction, annexin-V-binding and Apo-2.7-expression may be used to quantify the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells especially at later stages but without discrimination of apoptosis and primary or secondary necrosis.</p>

Combined Toxicity of Volatile Organic Compounds and Ammonia in Indoor Air / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To explore the combined toxicity of dominant volatile organic compounds(VOCs) and ammonia in indoor air of newly decorated rooms.Methods The gaseous mixture of several main components of VOCs and ammonia was prepared using their pure chemical reagents based on the percentage of mass proportion to each pollutant calculated by the medians of concentrations of formaldehyde,benzene,methylbenzene,dimethylbenzene,ethylbenzene and ammonia obtained from the in situ monitoring data on indoor air of 45 newly decorated apartments.The Kunming mice were exposed to the prepared gaseous mixture at doses of 3.93,8.47,18.24 and 39.35 g/m3 for acute toxicity test,and at doses of 3.935 g/m3(higher dose),1.970 g/m3(middle dose)and 0.393 g/m3(lower dose)for sub-acute toxicity test respectively.Results The LC50 of the prepared gaseous mixture was 26.84 g/m3 for Kunming mice.The sub-acute toxicity test showed that the lower levels of reticulocyte count of female mice in each dose group,the lower level of HCT of female mice dose group,the lower levels of PLT in serum of female and male mice in higher dose group,higher activity of ALT in serum of female mice in higher dose group showed significant differences compared with those of controls (P

Oxidative Damage in Cultured CHL Cells Induced by Joint Action of Benzene and Formaldehyde / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To investigate the joint action of benzene and formaldehyde for oxidative damage effects on cultured CHL cells.Methods Twenty-four hours after the cultured CHL cells exposed to formaldehyde(0,0,0,0.319 75,0.319 75,0.319 75,0.639 5,0.639 5,0.639 5 ?g/ml) or(and) benzene(0,0.392,0.784,0,0.392,0.784,0,0.392,0.784 mg/ml),the level of glutathione(GSH),malondialdehyde(MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) were determined.Results Twenty-four hours after formaldehyde or(and) benzene exposure,the level of GSH reduced,activity of SOD reduced significantly(P