Hemorrhage in brain stem cavernoma presenting with torticollis.

Spasmodic torticollis due to an identified focal brain stem lesion is uncommon and abrupt-onset spasmodic torticollis due to midbrain lesions in humans is rarely reported. A 9-year-old female child who had fallen off a bicycle and had lost consciousness for 10 min, vomiting 2-3 times, developed acute torticollis immediately after the injury. Examinations suggested hemorrhage in brain stem cavernoma. A search of the literature written in English revealed that this type of presentation has not been reported previously.

Orbital floor dermoid: an unusual presentation.

Dermoid cysts are developmental abnormal arrangement of tissues and are often evident soon after birth. Its occurrence in the orbit is relatively rare. We report a case of orbital floor dermoid in an 18-year-old female patient who presented with progressive, painless swelling in the lower eyelid associated with mild proptosis of three months duration. The lesion was excised completely, and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of dermoid cyst.

Single stage complete excision of large thoracic dumbbell schwannoma by modified posterior approach.

BACKGROUND: Dumbbell-shaped thoracic neurinomas represent a distinct type of tumor and can involve both the spinal canal and the posterior thoracic cavity. Successful management of posterior mediastinal dumbbell tumors depends on complete resection with adequate exposure. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 40-year-old woman presented with history of progressive weakness of both lower limbs for 5 months and was bedridden for the last 23 days. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a dumbbell-shaped lesion at the D-6 level, extending through the intervertebral foramen between the D-6 and D-7. Through an elliptical incision on the right side of the D-6, hemilaminectomy was performed, and in addition, resection of the transverse processes of the D-6 and D-7 was performed to gain wide exposure. After initial internal decompression, tumor could be removed completely. CONCLUSIONS: The present method was easy to perform, secure, and less invasive, and was well tolerated by the patient.

Double breasting repair of urethral fistula in a patient with perineal abscess secondary to a large urethral stone.

We report here a case of urethral fistula managed successfully following incision and drainage for the urethral abscess secondary to a large urethral stone leading to a large diverticulum (another rare condition) by using the technique of double breasting, where we used the redundant urethra and overlying skin.

Ischemic stroke in a child mistaken as functional disorder.

Stroke is a rare but increasingly recognized disorder in children. Lack of published clinical trials and experience in most institutions has resulted in significant challenges for clinicians who manage children with stroke. We report a case of 16-year-old male child who was presented with history of sudden onset of weakness 2 months back and before he could consult the physician, the weakness improved significantly and a misdiagnosis of functional disorder was made at a peripheral hospital. Children with stroke may have subtle manifestations and to make an early diagnosis of stroke in children there is need of awareness about this entity in children.

Anterior urethral valves--a rare cause of urethral obstruction.

Anterior urethral valves is a very rare congenital anomaly of the anterior urethra. It produces symptoms of varied intensity with the most severe ones leading to Urosepsis and renal failure (similar to as in posterior urethral valves) to the milder ones which may not produce any obstruction at all. However unlike the Posterior urethral valves this anomaly has milder and reversible sequelae in majority of the cases. The clinical presentation is mainly in the form of obstructed stream of urine and UTI and the diagnosis depends essentially on Micturating Cystographic studies and on the awareness and a high level of suspicion of its existence among Paediatricians and General Practitioners.