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2.
Front Psychol ; 12: 709899, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35401288

RESUMO

The impact of stress and other psychological variables on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) prognosis, treatment response, and functional level is well-established; however, typical IBD treatment focuses on the physiological pathology of the disease and neglects complementary stress-reducing interventions. Recent pilot studies report the benefits of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in people living with IBD, but are limited by small sample sizes. Recruitment challenges to in-person studies may be in part due to the difficulty IBD patients often have adhering to fixed schedules and travel as a result of IBD symptoms such as pain, fatigue, and incontinence. The current study aimed to address this barrier by offering participants access to online mindfulness training, allowing individuals to engage with intervention materials to fit their own schedule. Online mindfulness programs have gained popularity in recent years, as they increase access and flexibility and decrease cost to the user; however, the dropout rate tends to be high. The current study compared the rate of adherence and efficacy of mindfulness training as a function of level of support: self-guided versus supported. Analysis revealed no significant difference in the benefits received between participants in the two groups; however, a significant difference group (χ2 = 15.75; p = 0.000, r = 0.38) was found in terms of rate of completion, with 44.1% of the supportive group completing the protocol compared to 11.7% of the self-guided. Common challenges to meditation were measured, but did not significantly predict adherence to the intervention, and experience of these challenges did not significantly change (increase or decrease) over the duration of the study. Implications of the current research, future directions for the use of MBI for IBD patients, and a discussion of methodological considerations are provided.

4.
J Altern Complement Med ; 16(8): 867-73, 2010 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20666590

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Although long-term meditation has been found to reduce negative mood and cardiovascular variables, the effects of a brief mindfulness meditation intervention when compared to a sham mindfulness meditation intervention are relatively unknown. This experiment examined whether a 3-day (1-hour total) mindfulness or sham mindfulness meditation intervention would improve mood and cardiovascular variables when compared to a control group. METHODS: Eighty-two (82) undergraduate students (34 males, 48 females), with no prior meditation experience, participated in three sessions that involved training in either mindfulness meditation, sham mindfulness meditation, or a control group. Heart rate, blood pressure, and psychologic variables (Profile of Mood States, State Anxiety Inventory) were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS: The meditation intervention was more effective at reducing negative mood, depression, fatigue, confusion, and heart rate, when compared to the sham and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that brief meditation training has beneficial effects on mood and cardiovascular variables that go beyond the demand characteristics of a sham meditation intervention.


Assuntos
Afeto , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Cardiovasculares , Meditação/métodos , Terapias Mente-Corpo , Efeito Placebo , Adulto , Ansiedade/prevenção & controle , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Depressão/prevenção & controle , Fadiga/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Estresse Psicológico/prevenção & controle , Adulto Jovem
5.
Conscious Cogn ; 19(2): 597-605, 2010 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20363650

RESUMO

Although research has found that long-term mindfulness meditation practice promotes executive functioning and the ability to sustain attention, the effects of brief mindfulness meditation training have not been fully explored. We examined whether brief meditation training affects cognition and mood when compared to an active control group. After four sessions of either meditation training or listening to a recorded book, participants with no prior meditation experience were assessed with measures of mood, verbal fluency, visual coding, and working memory. Both interventions were effective at improving mood but only brief meditation training reduced fatigue, anxiety, and increased mindfulness. Moreover, brief mindfulness training significantly improved visuo-spatial processing, working memory, and executive functioning. Our findings suggest that 4days of meditation training can enhance the ability to sustain attention; benefits that have previously been reported with long-term meditators.


Assuntos
Cognição , Negociação/psicologia , Afeto/fisiologia , Atenção/fisiologia , Conscientização/fisiologia , Cognição/fisiologia , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia , Testes Psicológicos , Adulto Jovem
6.
J Health Psychol ; 15(3): 351-61, 2010 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20348356

RESUMO

Medically unexplained syndromes, including chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), have been associated with victimization in childhood and adulthood. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of victimization experiences in childhood and adulthood with functional status and illness severity in a sample of patients with CFS using longitudinal data. In the sample of 93 patients with CFS, childhood abuse and neglect had greater impact than adulthood victimization. Overall, victimization experiences in childhood demonstrated modest associations with clinical outcomes in CFS, although several victimization experiences were in the opposite direction of expectations. Victimization predicted worse outcomes, but not worsening outcomes over time.


Assuntos
Vítimas de Crime , Síndrome de Fadiga Crônica/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Síndrome de Fadiga Crônica/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
7.
Arch Clin Neuropsychol ; 23(2): 189-99, 2008 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18053682

RESUMO

The neurobehavioral sequelae of multiple sclerosis (MS) consistently include fatigue, depression and cognitive dysfunction with slower processing figuring prominently. However, processing speed is often confounded with accuracy and the relative contributions of depressed mood and fatigue in influencing speed of processing are difficult to quantify. Therefore, there were three objectives in this study. First, compare processing speed in MS and healthy controls under conditions in which accuracy is not confounded with speed; second, determine the relationships between information processing speed and cognition; third, determine the contributions of clinical depression and fatigue in mediating these relationships. Forty-eight participants with confirmed MS participated. The findings suggested that slower processing was correlated with higher levels of depressed mood, fatigue, lower verbal fluency, fewer words and digits recalled and poorer recall of visual-spatial information. Depression and physical fatigue had the greatest influence on the association between processing speed and more effortful tasks (e.g., immediate word recall and word list learning). Current findings extend previous work by using a more sensitive measure of processing speed and by quantifying the relative contributions of depression and fatigue in mediating relationships between processing speed and cognition.


Assuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Fadiga/psicologia , Processos Mentais/fisiologia , Esclerose Múltipla/fisiopatologia , Esclerose Múltipla/psicologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Transtornos Cognitivos/complicações , Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Transtorno Depressivo/complicações , Transtorno Depressivo/fisiopatologia , Escolaridade , Fadiga/complicações , Fadiga/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , North Carolina , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia
9.
J Am Coll Health ; 55(3): 163-8, 2006.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17175902

RESUMO

In this study, the authors investigated the predictors of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and herbal supplement use among university students. They investigated demographic factors, trait affectivity, symptom reports, and individuals' worries about modernity as potential contributors to use of CAM and herbals. The authors surveyed 506 undergraduates at a large southeastern state universityand administered the following questionnaires to participants in a group setting: a CAM survey, an herbal use survey, a negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) scale, Modern Health Worries scale, and the Subjective Health Complaint scale. Overall, 58 % of the participants had used at least one type of CAM, and 79 % of the students had used at least one herbal substance in the past 12 months. A hierarchical regression determined that increased age, female gender, flu-like symptoms, musculoskeletal symptoms, pseudoneurological symptoms, and modern health worries were significantly related to students' CAM use. Herbal use was related to increased age, musculoskeletal, pseudoneurological, and gastrointestinal symptoms.


Assuntos
Terapias Complementares/estatística & dados numéricos , Fitoterapia/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes , Universidades , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sudeste dos Estados Unidos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados Unidos
10.
Explore (NY) ; 2(1): 19-24, 2006 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16781604

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating neurological disease afflicting young and middle-aged adults, resulting in problems with coordination, strength, cognition, affect, and sensation. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether a ginkgo extract (EGb 761) improved functional performance in individuals with MS. DESIGN: This study used a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group design. The end point was change between baseline (ie, preintervention) and follow-up evaluation following a regimen of four tablets per day at 60 mg per tablet for four weeks. SETTING: The study was conducted in academic and clinical-based settings. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-two individuals with MS were randomly assigned to either the treatment or control condition. Groups did not differ with respect to age, IQ, and education. INTERVENTION: Half of the subjects received 240 mg per day of ginkgo special extract (EGb 761), and the other half received placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The main outcome measures assessed depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression Scale [CES-D]), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]), fatigue (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale [MFIS]); symptom severity (Symptom Inventory [SI]) and functional performance (Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis [FAMS]). RESULTS: The ginkgo group had significantly more individuals showing improvement on four or more measures with improvements associated with significantly larger effect sizes on measures of fatigue, symptom severity, and functionality. The ginkgo group also exhibited less fatigue at follow-up compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: This exploratory pilot study showed that no adverse events or side effects were reported and that ginkgo exerted modest beneficial effects on select functional measures (eg, fatigue) among some individuals with MS.


Assuntos
Fármacos do Sistema Nervoso Central/administração & dosagem , Esclerose Múltipla/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Atividades Cotidianas , Análise de Variância , Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Ansiedade/etiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Depressão/etiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Método Duplo-Cego , Fadiga/tratamento farmacológico , Fadiga/etiologia , Feminino , Ginkgo biloba , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose Múltipla/complicações , Projetos Piloto , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do Tratamento
11.
JAMA ; 290(22): 2976-84, 2003 Dec 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14665659

RESUMO

CONTEXT: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has traditionally been considered a health care-associated pathogen in patients with established risk factors. However, MRSA has emerged in patients without established risk factors (community-associated MRSA). OBJECTIVE: To characterize epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of community-associated MRSA cases compared with health care-associated MRSA cases. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Prospective cohort study of patients with MRSA infection identified at 12 Minnesota laboratory facilities from January 1 through December 31, 2000, comparing community-associated (median age, 23 years) with health care-associated (median age, 68 years) MRSA cases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical infections associated with either community-associated or health care-associated MRSA, microbiological characteristics of the MRSA isolates including susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and staphylococcal exotoxin gene testing. RESULTS: Of 1100 MRSA infections, 131 (12%) were community-associated and 937 (85%) were health care-associated; 32 (3%) could not be classified due to lack of information. Skin and soft tissue infections were more common among community-associated cases (75%) than among health care-associated cases (37%) (odds ratio [OR], 4.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.97-5.90). Although community-associated MRSA isolates were more likely to be susceptible to 4 antimicrobial classes (adjusted OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.35-3.86), most community-associated infections were initially treated with antimicrobials to which the isolate was nonsusceptible. Community-associated isolates were also more likely to belong to 1 of 2 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis clonal groups in both univariate and multivariate analysis. Community-associated isolates typically possessed different exotoxin gene profiles (eg, Panton Valentine leukocidin genes) compared with health care-associated isolates. CONCLUSIONS: Community-associated and health care-associated MRSA cases differ demographically and clinically, and their respective isolates are microbiologically distinct. This suggests that most community-associated MRSA strains did not originate in health care settings, and that their microbiological features may have contributed to their emergence in the community. Clinicians should be aware that therapy with beta-lactam antimicrobials can no longer be relied on as the sole empiric therapy for severely ill outpatients whose infections may be staphylococcal in origin.


Assuntos
Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Resistência a Meticilina , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Minnesota/epidemiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/genética
12.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil ; 82(8): 582-90, 2003 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12872014

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Although epidemiology indicates that multiple sclerosis is more common among whites than African Americans, the course of disease may be more aggressive among African Americans. This study examines disease course in a large multiple sclerosis clinic population. DESIGN: A case-controlled, retrospective record review compared the severity of multiple sclerosis for African Americans and for whites. Because the baseline demographics of the two groups differed, we performed analyses of multiple subgroups in an attempt to control for various characteristics. RESULTS: Consistent evidence of more disability in African Americans compared with whites was found, although subgroups were often too small to establish statistical significance. African Americans had a higher mean Expanded Disability Status Scale score than whites in a subgroup selected to minimize differences in access to care and disease perceptions. African Americans reported limb weakness as a presenting symptom of multiple sclerosis more frequently than did whites. When patients were followed at our multiple sclerosis center, rates of disease progression were nearly identical. CONCLUSIONS: More African Americans than whites experience pyramidal system involvement early in multiple sclerosis, leading to greater disability as measured by the ambulation-sensitive Expanded Disability Status Scale. Once patients have moderate difficulty walking, the rate of progression is the same for both groups, albeit occurring at a later age for whites than for African Americans.


Assuntos
População Negra , Esclerose Múltipla/classificação , Vigilância da População , População Branca , Adulto , Avaliação da Deficiência , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose Múltipla/epidemiologia , Esclerose Múltipla/mortalidade , North Carolina/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
13.
Clin Infect Dis ; 36(12): 1609-12, 2003 Jun 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12802763

RESUMO

Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) are an emerging problem. We observed a statistically significant inverse relationship in the MICs of vancomycin and oxacillin in S. aureus isolates from a patient undergoing hemodialysis who received 26 weeks of treatment with vancomycin during November 1999 through April 2000. All isolates were mecA positive and were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The evolving susceptibility patterns of this strain highlight the challenges of detecting and treating VISA infections.


Assuntos
Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas de Bactérias , Hexosiltransferases , Peptidil Transferases , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Vancomicina/uso terapêutico , Evolução Biológica , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Meticilina/farmacologia , Resistência a Meticilina/genética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Muramilpentapeptídeo Carboxipeptidase/genética , Proteínas de Ligação às Penicilinas , Staphylococcus aureus/fisiologia , Resistência a Vancomicina/genética
14.
Life Sci ; 73(3): 311-7, 2003 Jun 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12757838

RESUMO

The effects of acute administration of nicotine on target biting (defensive) and resident-intruder (offensive) attack of male mice were assessed. In the target biting procedure confined mice received tail shock on a fixed time, 2-min schedule. Under baseline conditions, biting attack directed toward an inanimate target occurred at three distinct rates. A high target biting rate (13.5 +/- 3.8 bites/15 sec) followed shock delivery, an intermediate biting rate (9.6 +/- 4.1 bites/15 sec) occurred during the inter-shock interval, and a low biting rate (1.0 +/- 0.5 bites/15 sec) occurred during a tone stimulus which signalled the impending shock. Nicotine (administered IP, 15 min presession) reduced post-shock and inter-shock interval target biting in a dose-dependent manner (ED50 values estimated at 0.13 and 0.14 mg/kg, respectively) but exerted more variable effects on target biting during the tone. In the resident-intruder paradigm the same mice were exposed to an intruder introduced into its home cage for a 10-min test session. Under baseline conditions, residents directed 20 +/- 3.2 biting attacks toward the intruder during the session with an average latency of 89 +/- 40 sec to the first attack. Nicotine caused a dose-dependent decrease in this attack behavior (ED50 values estimated to be 0.48 and 0.49 mg/kg, respectively). These observations are interpreted to indicate that nicotine has an increased potency at reducing "defensive" aggression.


Assuntos
Agressão/efeitos dos fármacos , Nicotina/farmacologia , Agressão/psicologia , Animais , Mordeduras e Picadas/psicologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Eletrochoque , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Masculino , Camundongos , Estresse Fisiológico/psicologia
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