An Effective Academic Medical Center-Based Strategy to Enhance Diversity Among Nurse Researchers.

The Connell-Jones Endowed Chair Diversity Nursing Research Scholars Program was created to promote engagement in nursing research and scholarship among nurses of color. Preliminary evaluation suggests that the program was widely beneficial, resulting in enrollment in doctoral education for some. Establishing opportunities that promote exposure and participation in nursing research and scholarship among nurses of color helps cultivate cohorts of diverse nurses armed to address health disparities through the advancement of nursing knowledge.

Psychometric evaluation of the Functional Health Pattern Assessment Screening Tool - Modified Brazilian Version.

OBJECTIVE: to test the factorial structure, reliability and convergent validity of the Functional Health Pattern Assessment Screening Tool - Modified Brazilian Version. METHOD: this was a psychometric evaluation of the Functional Health Pattern Assessment Screening Tool - Modified Brazilian Version. Seven hundred and seventeen participants answered the data collection instrument consisting of two parts. Part I included a structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data and the participants' perceptions and satisfaction with their current health status. Part II consisted of the tool being tested. The internal structure was assessed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Convergent validity was evaluated by the correlation of the tool scores with the rates corresponding to self-perception and satisfaction with current health status. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: the Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed a three-factor solution. The factor loadings were significant and varied from 0.16 to 0.75; the fit indices suggested moderate fit of the model. Internal consistency for all three components varied between 0.779 and 0.919. CONCLUSION: the findings suggest that the tool is valid and reliable to be used in the Brazilian population, although caution is recommended when interpreting the results due to the moderate fit of the model. BACKGROUND: (1) The FHPAST-BR is a structured, valid and reliable Nursing-driven assessment tool. BACKGROUND: (2) The tool provides a way of organizing clinical data and easing decision-making. BACKGROUND: (3) The FHPAST-BR can be used in clinical practice and research.

Nursing Diagnosis Accuracy in Nursing Education: Clinical Decision Support System Compared With Paper-Based Documentation-A Before and After Study.

Computer-based technologies have been widely used in nursing education, although the best educational modality to improve documentation and nursing diagnostic accuracy using electronic health records is still under investigation. It is important to address this gap and seek an effective way to address increased accuracy around nursing diagnoses identification. Nursing diagnoses are judgments that represent a synthesis of data collected by the nurse and used to guide interventions and to achieve desirable patients' outcomes. This current investigation is aimed at comparing the nursing diagnostic accuracy, satisfaction, and usability of a computerized system versus a traditional paper-based approach. A total of 66 nursing students solved three validated clinical scenarios using the NANDA-International terminologies traditional paper-based approach and then the computer-based Clinical Decision Support System. Study findings indicated a significantly higher nursing diagnostic accuracy ( P < .001) in solving cancer and stroke clinical scenarios, whereas there was no significant difference in acute myocardial infarction scenario. The use of the electronic system increased the number of correct diagnostic indicators ( P < .05); however, the level of students' satisfaction was similar. The usability scores highlighted the need to make the electronic documentation systems more user-friendly.

Policy education in a research-focused doctoral nursing program: Power as knowing participation in change.

Nurses have moral obligations incurred by membership in the profession to participate knowingly in health policy advocacy. Many barriers have historically hindered nurses from realizing their potential to advance health policy. The contemporary political context sets additional challenges to policy work due to polarization and conflict. Nursing education can help nurses recognize their role in advancing health through political advocacy in a manner that is consistent with disciplinary knowledge and ethical responsibilities. In this paper, the authors describe an exemplar of Elizabeth Barrett's "Power as Knowing Participation in Change" theory as a disciplinary lens within a doctoral nursing health policy course. Barrett (radically) emphasizes "power as freedom" instead of "power as control." This approach is congruent with nursing disciplinary values and enhances awareness of personal freedom and building collaborative relationships in the policy process. The theory was used in concert with other traditional policy content and frameworks from nursing and other disciplines. We discuss the role of nursing ethics viewed as professional responsibility for policy action, an overview of Barrett's theory, and the design of the course. Four student reflections on how the course influenced their thinking about policy advocacy are included. While not specific to policymaking, Barrett's theory provides a disciplinary grounding to increase students' awareness of freedom and choices in political advocacy participation. Our experience suggests that Barrett's work can be fruitful for enhancing nurses' awareness of choices to participate in change across settings.

Psychometric evaluation of the Functional Health Pattern Assessment Screening Tool - Modified Brazilian Version / Evaluación psicométrica del instrumento Functional Health Pattern Assessment Screening Tool - Versión modificada para Brasil / Avaliação psicométrica do Functional Health Pattern Assessment Screening Tool - Versão Brasileira Modificada

Objective: to test the factorial structure, reliability and convergent validity of the Functional Health Pattern Assessment Screening Tool - Modified Brazilian Version. Method: this was a psychometric evaluation of the Functional Health Pattern Assessment Screening Tool - Modified Brazilian Version. Seven hundred and seventeen participants answered the data collection instrument consisting of two parts. Part I included a structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data and the participants' perceptions and satisfaction with their current health status. Part II consisted of the tool being tested. The internal structure was assessed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Convergent validity was evaluated by the correlation of the tool scores with the rates corresponding to self-perception and satisfaction with current health status. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Results: the Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed a three-factor solution. The factor loadings were significant and varied from 0.16 to 0.75; the fit indices suggested moderate fit of the model. Internal consistency for all three components varied between 0.779 and 0.919. Conclusion: the findings suggest that the tool is valid and reliable to be used in the Brazilian population, although caution is recommended when interpreting the results due to the moderate fit of the model.

Objetivo: someter a prueba la estructura factorial, confiabilidad y validez convergente del instrumento Functional Health Pattern Assessment Screening Tool - Versión modificada para Brasil. Método: evaluación psicométrica del instrumento Functional Health Pattern Assessment Screening Tool - Versión modificada para Brasil. Setecientos diecisiete participantes respondieron el instrumento de recolección de datos, compuesto por dos partes. La Parte I incluyó un cuestionario estructurado para recopilar datos sociodemográficos y las percepciones y el nivel de satisfacción de los participantes con respecto a su estado de salud actual. La Parte II consistió en la herramienta sometida a prueba. La estructura interna se evaluó empleando Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. La validez interna se evaluó por medio de la correlación entre las puntuaciones obtenidas en la herramienta y los índices correspondientes a los niveles de autopercepción y satisfacción con respecto al estado de salud actual. La confiabilidad se evaluó utilizando el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio confirmó una solución con tres factores. Las cargas factoriales fueron significativas y variaron entre 0,16 y 0.75; los índices de ajuste sugirieron ajuste moderado del modelo. La consistencia interna correspondiente a los tres componentes varió entre 0,779 y 0,919. Conclusión: los hallazgos sugieren que la herramienta es válida y confiable para ser usada en la población de Brasil, aunque se recomienda interpretar los resultados con precaución debido al moderado ajuste del modelo.

Objetivo: testar a estrutura fatorial, a confiabilidade e a validade convergente do Functional Health Pattern Assessment Screening Tool - Versão Brasileira Modificada. Método: avaliação psicométrica do Functional Health Pattern Assessment Screening Tool - Versão Brasileira Modificada. Setecentos e dezessete participantes responderam os itens do instrumento de coleta de dados composto por duas partes. A Parte I incluiu um questionário estruturado contendo dados sociodemográficos e a percepção e satisfação dos participantes com seu estado de saúde atual. A Parte II consistiu no instrumento testado. A estrutura interna foi avaliada por meio de Análise Fatorial Confirmatória. A validade convergente foi avaliada pela correlação dos escores do instrumento com os índices correspondentes à autopercepção e à satisfação com o estado de saúde atual. A confiabilidade foi avaliada pelo alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: a Análise Fatorial Confirmatória confirmou uma solução de três fatores. As cargas fatoriais foram significativas e variaram de 0,16 a 0,75; os índices de ajuste sugeriram ajuste moderado do modelo. A consistência interna dos três componentes variou entre 0,779 e 0,919. Conclusión: os achados sugerem que o instrumento é válido e confiável para ser utilizado na população brasileira, embora seja recomendada cautela na interpretação dos resultados devido ao ajuste moderado do modelo.

Nursing educational framework: A new nurse-driven, conceptually guided approach.

PURPOSE: The aim of this article is to present the Nursing Educational Framework (NEF) as an opportunity to integrate core elements of a humanistic person/family-centered view and as guidance in structuring a relationship-based curriculum. DATA SOURCES: Empirical and theoretical literature studies were reviewed to define the framework rationale and its components. DATA SYNTHESIS: A deductive/inductive collaborative expert-informed approach was undertaken to develop this evidence-based codesigned framework. Its mission, along with unique components, implementation strategies, and outcomes, were successively integrated into the framework to guide nursing knowledge, learning, and curriculum development. A hermeneutic collaborative process of circular reflection was used in the development process. CONCLUSIONS: The NEF contains central guiding principles and concepts that are intended to provide structural consistency across its included programs from a humanistic person/family-centered approach. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: This comprehensive theory-guided framework allows educators to suggest specific directions for nursing practice within the nursing discipline and articulate nursing's unique and specialized approach to promoting excellent patient care outcomes. It can assist students to develop critical lens from a person/family-centered relationship-based practice approach.

PROPÓSITO: El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el Modelo Formativo de Enfermería como una oportunidad para integrar los elementos principales de una visión humanística centrada en la persona/familia y como una guía para estructurar un currículo basado en la relación enfermera/paciente. FUENTES DE DATOS: Se revisó literatura teórica y empírica con el fin de definir las bases fundamentales del modelo y sus componentes. SÍNTESIS DE LOS DATOS: Con el fin de desarrollar el modelo, se planteó una aproximación deductiva/inductiva con enfoque colaborativo y basado en expertos. Su misión, junto con los componentes conceptuales más específicos, estrategias de implementación y resultados, fueron progresivamente integrados en él, para guiar el desarrollo del conocimiento, el aprendizaje y la conformación curricular. Se empleó un proceso hermenéutico colaborativo de reflexión circular. CONCLUSIONES: El modelo contiene los principios guía y conceptos que dan consistencia estructural a todos los programas incluidos, desde un punto de vista humanístico y centrado en la persona/familia. IMPLICACIONES PARA LA PRÁCTICA DE ENFERMERÍA: Este amplio marco teórico permite a los educadores sugerir direcciones específicas para la práctica de la enfermería dentro de la disciplina y articular su enfoque único y especializado para promover excelentes resultados en el cuidado del paciente. Puede ayudar a los estudiantes a desarrollar una lente crítica desde un enfoque de la práctica basada en la relación enfermera/paciente ycentrado en la persona y la familia.

Impact of standardized nursing terminologies on patient and organizational outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIMS: To explore the impact of 12 American Nurses Association recognized standardized nursing terminologies (SNTs) on patient and organizational outcomes. BACKGROUND: Previous studies reported an effect of SNTs on outcomes, but no previous frameworks nor meta-analyses were found. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analyses. REVIEW METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and OpenGrey databases were last consulted in July 2021. All abstracts and full texts were screened independently by two researchers. The review included primary quantitative studies that reported an association between recognized SNTs and outcomes. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias and certainty of evidence for each meta-analyzed outcome using the "Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation" (GRADE) approach. RESULTS: Fifty-three reports were included. NANDA-NIC-NOC and Omaha System were the most frequently reported SNTs used in the studies. Risk of bias in randomized controlled trials and not-randomized controlled trials ranged from high to unclear, this risk was low in cross-sectional studies. The number of nursing diagnoses NANDA-I moderately correlated with the intensive care unit length of stay (r = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.31-0.44). Using the Omaha System nurse-led transitional care program showed a large increase in both knowledge (d = 1.21; 95% CI = 0.97-1.44) and self-efficacy (d = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.97-1.48), while a reduction on the readmission rate (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.09-0.83). Nursing diagnoses were found to be useful predictors for organizational (length of stay) and patients' outcomes (mortality, quality of life). The GRADE indicated that the certainty of evidence was rated from very low to low. CONCLUSIONS: Studies using SNTs demonstrated significant improvement and prediction power in several patients' and organizational outcomes. Further high-quality research is required to increase the certainty of evidence of these relationships. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: SNTs should be considered by healthcare policymakers to improve nursing care and as essential reporting data about patient's nursing complexity to guide reimbursement criteria.

The American Academy of Nursing 50th Anniversary of the Nursing Theory Guided Practice Expert Panel (NTGPEP): Exploring the Past-Re-envisioning the Future.

The Nursing Theory-Guided Practice Expert Panel (NTGP-EP), one of the 14 Expert Panels, is officially designated to advance the mission and strategic goals of the American Academy of Nursing. The NTGP-EP has created a forum for dialogue among nurse scholars interested in advancing nursing theory to promote health and wellbecoming. The purpose of this paper is to share the important work of the NTGP-EP and its history, contributions, and accomplishments, and to propose a member-driven agenda to re-envision our preferred future and the impact of the use of nursing theory to guide nursing education, research, practice, and policy.

Nurse-sensitive indicators during COVID-19.

PURPOSE: Nurses are on the forefront of delivering care to patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Nurses' impact on patient care can be discerned through assessment and documentation strategies, including structured and unstructured narratives, clinical pathways, flowsheets, and problem-based approaches. To date, there are no published reports regarding nursing assessment and documentation during the COVID-19 pandemic using an assessment framework to capture clinical decision making, nursing diagnoses, and key social determinant of health (SDoH) data. Hence, the purpose of this investigation was to conduct an exploratory nursing documentation audit of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first surge to identify types and frequency of nurse-sensitive indicators, including SDoH. METHOD: This pilot study utilized a retrospective chart review design at a single academic medical center, utilizing Gordon's Eleven Functional Health Patterns (FHP) framework to extract clinical, social, and nursing assessment data for patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Descriptive statistics were computed for continuous variables and counts/percentages for categorical variables. FINDINGS: Data from 94 patient records were analyzed. Most patients were male (59.6%), with a mean age of 58 years. Nearly 15% of patients were Black and 12.8% were Hispanic, most residing in four geographic areas. Nine of the 11 FHPs were reflected in nurse-sensitive indicators documented in the electronic health record. SDoH data were inconsistently documented, including race, education, history of neglect/abuse, and occupation. CONCLUSION: The FHP framework captured many nurse-sensitive indicators during the first COVID-19 surge, although screening for and documenting SDoH data were limited. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Findings can influence the development of nursing assessment and documentation during crisis care delivery that are inclusive of distinct sociodemographic factors, in addition to clinical factors, to provide comprehensive, culturally sensitive care. Such documentation will enhance the use of nursing knowledge guided by a nursing framework to make visible the essential contributions of nurses to healthcare delivery.

Role of Aryl Amphiphile Hydrophobe Size on the Concentration and Stability of Graphene Nanoplatelet Dispersions.

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are stable and relatively inexpensive compared to single-layer graphene sheets and carbon nanotubes and are useful in diverse electronic, optoelectronic, and mechanical applications. Solution-state processing of the active material is desired in most of the applications mentioned above, and thus, there is great interest in increasing the concentration and stability of GNP suspension. Herein, to elucidate the role of the stabilizer structural parameters on the concentration and stability of GNP dispersions, we synthesized and used a series of aryl amphiphiles (ArAs) of varying aryl hydrophobe sizes and geometries. The ArAs were found to generate GNP dispersions with concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.13 mg mL-1 depending on the size of the aryl hydrophobe. The ArAs' hydrophobe size played a key role in determining the concentration of GNP suspension, while ArAs' critical aggregation concentration and solubility limits had no impact on the GNP suspension concentration. Most of the studied ArAs work similar to methylcellulose, the previously reported best performing stabilizer . Moreover, the ArAs stabilized the GNP suspension better than methylcellulose and were able to form stable dispersions for up to 6 h. Raman studies indicate that the quality of the GNPs did not degrade during the dispersion process. These findings will aid in the development of design rules for next-generation stabilizers.

An integrative review of comprehensive nursing assessment tools developed based on Gordon's Eleven Functional Health Patterns.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the content and psychometric properties of comprehensive nursing assessment tools developed based on The Eleven Functional Health Patterns Assessment Framework. METHODS: An integrative literature review following Whittemore and Knafl's method and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Searches on PubMed, Cinahl, and Virtual Health Library were conducted between September and December 2018. FINDINGS: Six out of 146 records were included for review. Four articles were methodological studies and two were descriptive reports of the development of the tools. Tools were heterogenous in terms of their purpose, development, characteristics, and testing. Only one study provided data about construct validity. However, there were commonalities regarding the data that should be assessed in each tool. CONCLUSIONS: Few comprehensive nursing assessment tools using The Eleven Functional Health Patterns Assessment Framework are available. Purpose, process of development, characteristics, and testing varied among the tools, and most lack robust psychometric testing. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: This review provided a synthesis of the literature regarding the use of a discipline-specific framework to guide comprehensive nursing assessment. The differences across the tools and the lack of psychometric testing compromise the visibility of nursing and make it difficult to emphasize the contribution of nursing knowledge to patient care.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o conteúdo e as propriedades psicométricas de instrumentos compreensivos de coleta de dados de enfermagem desenvolvidos com base no modelo dos Onze Padrões Funcionais de Saúde. MÉTODO: Revisão integrativa da literatura que seguiu o método de Whittemore e Knafl e os Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Realizou-se buscas no PubMed, Cinahl e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde entre Setembro e Dezembro de 2018. RESULTADOS: Seis das 146 citações recuperadas foram incluídas na revisão. Quatro artigos eram estudos metodológicos e dois eram relatos descritivos do desenvolvimento dos instrumentos. Os instrumentos eram heterogêneos em termos de finalidades, desenvolvimento, características e teste. Apenas um estudo forneceu dados sobre a validade de constructo. Entretanto, os instrumentos partilham de aspectos em comum em relação aos dados que devem ser coletados. CONCLUSÕES: Poucos instrumentos de coleta de dados de enfermagem que utilizam o modelo dos Onze Padrões Funcionais de Saúde estão disponíveis. Finalidades, processo de desenvolvimento, características e testagem dos instrumentos variaram entre os instrumentos. Para a maioria deles não há evidências psicométricas robustas de validade. IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA DE ENFERMAGEM: Esta revisão forneceu uma síntese da literatura em relação ao uso de um modelo específico da disciplina para nortear a coleta compreensiva de dados de enfermagem. As diferenças entre os instrumentos e a falta de evidências psicométricas de validade comprometem a visibilidade da enfermagem e tornam difícil destacar a contribuição específica da enfermagem no cuidado do paciente.

Waveguiding properties of perylene microcrystals synthesized by retarding the growth along the π-stack direction.

Selective, hard to realize growth retardation of the π-stacking direction over the edge-packing direction has been achieved in perylene microcrystals using an aryl amphiphile. The perylene microcrystals grow predominantly along the edge-packing direction resulting in novel and hitherto unknown perylene square rods. The rods show exciton-polariton waveguiding along the rod axis even though it corresponds to pure edge-packing of the molecules, which is unprecedented in organic microcrystals.

Optimized Mucosal Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Prime/Soluble gp120 Boost HIV Vaccination Regimen Induces Antibody Responses Similar to Those of an Intramuscular Regimen.

The benefits of mucosal vaccines over injected vaccines are difficult to ascertain, since mucosally administered vaccines often induce serum antibody responses of lower magnitude than those induced by injected vaccines. This study aimed to determine if mucosal vaccination using a modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 (MVAgp120) prime and a HIV-1 gp120 protein boost could be optimized to induce serum antibody responses similar to those induced by an intramuscularly (i.m.) administered MVAgp120 prime/gp120 boost to allow comparison of an i.m. immunization regimen to a mucosal vaccination regimen for the ability to protect against a low-dose rectal simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge. A 3-fold higher antigen dose was required for intranasal (i.n.) immunization with gp120 to induce serum anti-gp120 IgG responses not significantly different than those induced by i.m. immunization. gp120 fused to the adenovirus type 2 fiber binding domain (gp120-Ad2F), a mucosal targeting ligand, exhibited enhanced i.n. immunogenicity compared to gp120. MVAgp120 was more immunogenic after i.n. delivery than after gastric or rectal delivery. Using these optimized vaccines, an i.n. MVAgp120 prime/combined i.m. (gp120) and i.n. (gp120-Ad2F) boost regimen (i.n./i.m.-plus-i.n.) induced serum anti-gp120 antibody titers similar to those induced by the intramuscular prime/boost regimen (i.m./i.m.) in rabbits and nonhuman primates. Despite the induction of similar systemic anti-HIV-1 antibody responses, neither the i.m./i.m. nor the i.n./i.m.-plus-i.n. regimen protected against a repeated low-dose rectal SHIV challenge. These results demonstrate that immunization regimens utilizing the i.n. route are able to induce serum antigen-specific antibody responses similar to those induced by systemic immunization.IMPORTANCE Mucosal vaccination is proposed as a method of immunization able to induce protection against mucosal pathogens that is superior to protection provided by parenteral immunization. However, mucosal vaccination often induces serum antigen-specific immune responses of lower magnitude than those induced by parenteral immunization, making the comparison of mucosal and parenteral immunization difficult. We identified vaccine parameters that allowed an immunization regimen consisting of an i.n. prime followed by boosters administered by both i.n. and i.m. routes to induce serum antibody responses similar to those induced by i.m. prime/boost vaccination. Additional studies are needed to determine the potential benefit of mucosal immunization for HIV-1 and other mucosally transmitted pathogens.

Bridging Vaccine-Induced HIV-1 Neutralizing and Effector Antibody Responses in Rabbit and Rhesus Macaque Animal Models.

Studies in animal models are essential prerequisites for clinical trials of candidate HIV vaccines. Small animals, such as rabbits, are used to evaluate promising strategies prior to further immunogenicity and efficacy testing in nonhuman primates. Our goal was to determine how HIV-specific vaccine-elicited antibody responses, epitope specificity, and Fc-mediated functions in the rabbit model can predict those in the rhesus macaque (RM) model. Detailed comparisons of the HIV-1-specific IgG response were performed on serum from rabbits and RM given identical modified vaccinia virus Ankara-prime/gp120-boost immunization regimens. We found that vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody, gp120-binding antibody levels and immunodominant specificities, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis of HIV-1 virions, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses against gp120-coated target cells were similar in rabbits and RM. However, we also identified characteristics of humoral immunity that differed across species. ADCC against HIV-infected target cells was elicited in rabbits but not in RM, and we observed differences among subdominantly targeted epitopes. Human Fc receptor binding assays and analysis of antibody-cell interactions indicated that rabbit vaccine-induced antibodies effectively recruited and activated human natural killer cells, while vaccine-elicited RM antibodies were unable to activate either human or RM NK cells. Thus, our data demonstrate that both Fc-independent and Fc-dependent functions of rabbit antibodies can be measured with commonly used in vitro assays; however, the ability of immunogenicity studies performed in rabbits to predict responses in RM will vary depending on the particular immune parameter of interest.IMPORTANCE Nonneutralizing antibody functions have been associated with reduced infection risk, or control of virus replication, for HIV-1 and related viruses. It is therefore critical to evaluate development of these responses throughout all stages of preclinical testing. Rabbits are conventionally used to evaluate the ability of vaccine candidates to safely elicit antibodies that bind and neutralize HIV-1. However, it remained unexplored how effectively rabbits model the development of nonneutralizing antibody responses in primates. We administered identical HIV-1 vaccine regimens to rabbits and rhesus macaques and performed detailed comparisons of vaccine-induced antibody responses. We demonstrated that nonneutralizing HIV-specific antibody responses can be studied in the rabbit model and have identified aspects of these responses that are common, and those that are unique, to rabbits and rhesus macaques. Our findings will help determine how to best utilize preclinical rabbit and rhesus macaque models to accelerate HIV vaccine candidate testing in human trials.

Nursing narratives and reflective practice: A theoretical review.

AIM: To explore the literature regarding how nursing narratives have been used to enhance reflective practice. DESIGN: Theoretical review. DATA SOURCES: A literature search from 1990 - 2017 was conducted in PubMed, CINHAL and PsycINFO databases. REVIEW METHODS: After applying the selection criteria, 13 studies were identified. The quality of articles was evaluated. RESULTS: Three themes were identified as the main components of an ongoing narrative process based on looking back to past clinical experiences, creating spaces for dialogue and bringing the worlds of theory and practice closer together. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides a forum for exploring the use of narratives to enhance reflective practice, which may lead to the acquisition of professional competences.

Aryl amphiphile shape-directors for shape-controlled synthesis of organic semiconductor particles.

Currently, shape- and size-controlled synthesis of organic micro- and nano-particles mostly relies on aliphatic amphiphiles, which lack the structural diversity to provide tunable amphiphile-particle facet interaction energies and result in a limited range of particle shapes. Herein we report the design, synthesis, and utilization of two novel aryl amphiphiles as shape-directors (ShaDs) to obtain particles of different shape. By changing the ShaDs aryl hydrophobe structure, 9,10-diphenylanthracene microcrystals of different shape were obtained with greater than 90% shape yield.

Thoughts About Nursing Curricula: Dark Clouds and Bright Lights.

In this essay, several nurse scholars who are particularly concerned about the contemporary state of nursing science present their concerns about the inclusion of nursing conceptual models and theories in the curricula of nursing programs (dark clouds) and ways in which the concerns have been addressed (bright lights). This essay is the second of two essays that were catalyzed by Barrett's paper, "Again, What Is Nursing Science?" The first essay was published in the previous issue of Nursing Science Quarterly.

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Professional Practice Work Environment Inventory.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose is to examine the psychometric properties of the professional practice work environment inventory (PPWEI). BACKGROUND: Derived from the Professional Practice Environment (PPE) and the Revised PPE scales, the PPWEI was designed to measure 8 components of the PPE that can be used to assist nurse administrators in decision-making. METHODS: A psychometric evaluation was undertaken with 874 nurses who were providing direct care to patients at the Massachusetts General Hospital and who provided no missing data on the newly developed 72-item PPWEI. RESULTS: Cronbach's α internal consistency reliability of the total score was .93, with 61 items having factor loadings more than .50, the factor loading cutoff used to define the component subscales. Principal component analyses with varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization demonstrated 8 components, explaining 64.6% of variance. Cronbach's α reliability coefficients of the PPWEI subscales ranged from .82 to .93. CONCLUSION: The multidimensional PPWEI is a psychometrically sound measure of several components of the PPE in the acute care setting and sufficiently reliable and valid for use as independent subscales in healthcare research.

Modified Vaccinia Ankara Virus Vaccination Provides Long-Term Protection against Nasal Rabbitpox Virus Challenge.

Modified vaccinia Ankara virus (MVA) is a smallpox vaccine candidate. This study was performed to determine if MVA vaccination provides long-term protection against rabbitpox virus (RPXV) challenge, an animal model of smallpox. Two doses of MVA provided 100% protection against a lethal intranasal RPXV challenge administered 9 months after vaccination.