Olive oil-rich diet during pregnancy/lactation attenuated the early life stress effects on depressive-like behavior and altered energy metabolism in the dorsal hippocampus in a sex-specific manner.

METHODS: and results: Pregnant Wistar rats received diets enriched in soybean oil (SO) or OO during gestation/lactation. At birth, litters were subdivided into MS or intact groups. After weaning, the pups received standard chow until adulthood, when they were subjected to behavioral tasks. At PND90 biochemical analyses were performed. Maternal OO-enriched diet prevented MS-induced higher weight gain, and decreased MS-induced anhedonic behavior. Increased latency to immobility and shorter immobility time were observed in the maternal OO-enrich diet groups. Maternal OO-enrich diet groups also presented reduced reactive oxygen species and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, this diet showed sex-specific effects, by decreasing mitochondrial mass and potential, reducing AMPK activation, and increasing synaptophysin and PSD-95 immunocontent in the DH of male rats. Early stress, on the other hand, decreased production of free radicals and decreased levels of SIRT1 in the DH of male rats. In females, OO prevented the anhedonic behavior induced by MS. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal OO-enrich diet attenuated MS-induced depressive behavior in both sexes. In addition, it affected energy metabolism in the DH of male rats, favored synaptic plasticity, and contributed to reducing pathophysiological conditions.

Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma of upper lip showing copy number loss of tumor suppressor genes.

BACKGROUND: Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is a malignant salivary gland tumor that arises rarely in the minor salivary glands. Although the etiology of CXPA remains unclear, the role of some tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes in CXPA is documented; however, other genes still need to be studied. STUDY DESIGN AND OBJECTIVE: An uncommon case of CXPA involving the upper lip is presented, which was analyzed by a panel of tumor suppressor genes by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. RESULTS: The genes investigated in this study, a loss of copy number was detected for CASP8, CD44, CDH1, DAPK1, ESR1, RASSF1, and TP73. Immunohistochemical reactions for the validation of some of these results showed negativity for CD44, RASSF1, and p73. CONCLUSION: A loss of copy number of the genes CD44, RASSF1, and TP73 may contribute to the carcinogenesis of CXPAs.

Oral pigmented lesions: Clinicopathologic features and review of the literature

Diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the oral cavity and perioral tissues is challenging. Even though epidemiology may be of some help in orientating the clinician and even though some lesions may confidently be diagnosed on clinical grounds alone, the definitive diagnosis usually requires histopathologic evaluation. Oral pigmentation can be physiological or pathological, and exogenous or endogenous. Color, location, distribution, and duration as well as drugs use, family history, and change in pattern are important for the differential diagnosis. Dark or black pigmented lesions can be focal, multifocal or diffuse macules, including entities such as racial pigmentation, melanotic macule, melanocytic nevus, blue nevus, smoker’s melanosis, oral melanoacanthoma, pigmentation by foreign bodies or induced by drugs, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Addison's disease and oral melanoma. The aim of this review is to present the main oral black lesions contributing to better approach of the patients (AU)

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Oral pigmented lesions: Clinicopathologic features and review of the literature.

Diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the oral cavity and perioral tissues is challenging. Even though epidemiology may be of some help in orientating the clinician and even though some lesions may confidently be diagnosed on clinical grounds alone, the definitive diagnosis usually requires histopathologic evaluation. Oral pigmentation can be physiological or pathological, and exogenous or endogenous. Color, location, distribution, and duration as well as drugs use, family history, and change in pattern are important for the differential diagnosis. Dark or black pigmented lesions can be focal, multifocal or diffuse macules, including entities such as racial pigmentation, melanotic macule, melanocytic nevus, blue nevus, smoker's melanosis, oral melanoacanthoma, pigmentation by foreign bodies or induced by drugs, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Addison's disease and oral melanoma. The aim of this review is to present the main oral black lesions contributing to better approach of the patients.

A new method for extraction of mandibular first molars in rats

The aim of the present study is to describe a new technique for the mandibular first molar extraction based on tooth section in rats. One hundred and forty Wistar rats, from three different researches underwent general anaesthesia. Each animal was then positioned on a specific board and hollemback 3ss was used to make the syndesmotomy. The mandibular first molars were extracted after tooth section with carbide » drills in a high-speed hand piece under constant irrigation with sterile saline solution. The mesial portion of the first molar was removed with a modified curved mosquito forceps. Thedistal portion was removed and the socket was closed with 5-0 nylon thread sutures using non-traumatic needles. During the first week after tooth extraction, animals were fed with regular pressed food to avoid post-operatory trauma. This technique is careful and avoid unnecessary trauma, with minimal numbers of fractures (9.3%) and accidents such as haemorrhage (2%). All the reminiscent roots could be removed by the described method. Our technique proved to be anefficient model for future researches on alveolar wound healing with minimal fractures and accidents and provided better post-extraction outcomes for the rats.

Reconstruction of a mandibular critical-sized defect using iliac graft in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, histologically and by optical densitometry of radiographs, the healing of a critical-sized defect in the rat mandible filled with iliac graft. MATERIALS: The study was conducted on 25 adult Wistar rats. With the rats under general anesthesia, a bicortical critical-sized osseous defect was created in the right mandibular ramus and filled with autogenous iliac crest graft. The animals were divided into 5 groups, with 5 rats in each. They were sacrificed after 1, 7, and 14 days, and 1 and 3 months. The mandibles were removed, fixed in formalin, and radiographed. The right hemi-mandibles were decalcified, and sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS: Initially, an acute inflammatory process was noted along the graft that was tightly fitted to the defect. Subsequently, intense bone neoformation from external corticals and in the inner spaces of the graft was observed, while medullar spaces were occupied by granulation tissue and osteoblasts. There was remodelation of the receptor site, with a decrease in the graft volume and medullary space, as well as cancellous bone replaced by compact bone. Later, the receptor site was similar to the normal mandible, and only devitalized remnants of corticals of the graft were found. Optical densitometry of radiographs revealed statistically significant differences between experimental and control sites. CONCLUSIONS: This experimental model is valuable in the study of bone healing. The study showed that autogenous iliac graft promoted healing of the critical-sized defect of the mandible with complete bony remodeling.

Fixações zigomáticas Zigomax®: novos conceitos e proposta de um novo design / Zygomatic fixture Zigomax®: new concept and new design proposal

As Fixações Zigomáticas (FZs) têm-se apresentado como uma alternativa viável na reabilitação de maxilas severamente reabsorvidas. Novas técnicas para sua instalação e alterações no design têm otimizado seus resultados funcionais e estéticos. Apresentamos um caso clínico demonstrando as modificações na técnica original, e a nova configuração das fixações quanto à: plataforma protética, conexão interna, dupla rosca e tratamento da superfície, associando ainda a instalação e função imediata da prótese.

Tratamento das fraturas do processo condilar da mandíbula / Treatment of fractures of the condylar process of the mandible

Foi realizada revista da literatura sobre o tratamento das fraturas do processo condilar da mandíbula. Há várias modalidades de tratamento e todas elas visam o restabelecimento da funçäo oclusal. A conduta incruenta, através de mobilizaçäo precoce, de tratamento funcional ou de ortopedia funcional, permite bons resultados. Há possibilidade de remodelamento do côndilo fraturado diante da conduta incruenta em especial em crianças e adolescentes. O bloqueio maxilomandibular deve ser evitado, pois está associado a sequelas. A conduta cruenta pode levar a complicaçöes, em especial a reabsorçäo do côndilo. Estudos comparativos têm demonstrado resultados semelhantes diante das condutas incruenta e cruenta. Isto permite concluir que a conduta conservadora deve ser sempre a primeira opçäo, salvo em casos especiais

Estudo multicentrico da famotidina em patologias digestivas altas / Famotidine multicenter study

Um estudo multicentrico realizado em 20 estados do Brasil foi conduzido para determinar a eficacia terapeutica e a tolerancia da famotidina, um antagonista do receptor H2, no tratamento da ulcera duodenal gastrica, da esofagite e da dispepsia nao ulcerosa. 1321 pacientes receberam uma dose oral unica de 40 mg de famotidina ao deitar, durante quatro semanas.A eficacia e a seguranca da famotidina no tratamento das patologias foram avaliadas atraves da melhora da sintomatologia (dor, pirose, vomitos) e por endoscopia pre e pos-tratamento em todos os pacientes.A endoscopia mostrou a cicatrizacao completa das ulceras em 96 por cento dos casos, regressao completa da esofagite em 92 por cento dos casos e observou-se cura completa da sintomatologia da dispepsia nao ulcerosa em 72 por cento dos casos.A tolerabilidade global foi considerada excelente na opiniao de 93 por cento dos medicos e pacientes.Foram registrados reacoes adversas em 5,53 por cento dos casos, sendo que 86,25 por cento destes foram considerados como de intensidade leve e moderada.Em face destes resultados conclui-se que a famotidina e eficaz e segura no tratamento das patologias digestivas altas.