Conjugation through Si-O-Si bonds, silsesquioxane (SQ) half cage copolymers, extended examples via SiO0.5/SiO1.5 units: multiple emissive states in violation of Kasha's rule.

We previously reported that phenyl- and vinyl-silsesquioxanes (SQs), [RSiO1.5]8,10,12 (R = Ph or vinyl) functionalized with three or more conjugated moieties show red-shifted absorption- and emission features suggesting 3-D conjugation via a cage centered LUMOs. Corner missing [PhSiO1.5]7(OSiMe3)3 and edge opened, end capped [PhSiO1.5]8(OSiMe2)2 (double decker, DD) analogs also offer red shifted spectra again indicating 3-D conjugation and a cage centered LUMO. Copolymerization of DD [PhSiO1.5]8(OSiMevinyl)2 with multiple R-Ar-Br gives copolymers with emission red-shifts that change with degree of polymerization (DP), exhibit charge transfer to F4TNCQ and terpolymer averaged red-shifts suggesting through chain conjugation even with two (O-Si-O) end caps possibly via a cage centered LUMO. Surprisingly, ladder (LL) SQ, (vinylMeSiO2)[PhSiO1.5]4(O2SiMevinyl) copolymers offer emission red-shifts even greater for analogous copolymers requiring a different explanation. Here we assess the photophysical behavior of copolymers of a more extreme SQ form: the half cage [PhSiO1.5]4(OSiMe2Vinyl)4, Vy4HC SQs. We again see small red-shifted absorptions coupled with significant red-shifted emissions, even with just a half cage, thus further supporting the existence of pπ-dπ and/or σ*-π* conjugation through Si-O-Si bonds and contrary to most traditional views of Si-O-Si linked polymers. These same copolymers donate an electron to F4TCNQ generating the radical anion, F4TCNQ-. as further proof of conjugation. Column chromatographic separation of short from longer chain oligomers reveals a direct correlation between DP and emission λmax red-shifts as another indication of conjugation. Further, one- and two-photon absorption and emission spectroscopy reveals multiple excited fluorescence-emitting states in a violation of Kasha's rule wherein emission occurs only from the lowest excited state. Traditional modeling studies again find HOMO LUMO energy levels residing only on the aromatic co-monomers rather than through Si-O-Si bonds as recently found in related polymers.

Factors that influence the mortality of patients following hip hemiarthroplasty.

INTRODUCTION: Hip hemiarthroplasty (HHA) is one of the most common types of orthopedic surgery. With the prevalence and utilization of the surgery increasing year after year, this procedure is found to be associated with severe postoperative complications and eventually mortality. Thus, it is crucial to understand the factors that increase the risk of mortality following HHA. METHODS: Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, patients undergoing HHA from 2016 to 2019 were identified. This sample was stratified into a mortality group and a control group. The data regarding patients' demographics, co-morbidities, and associated complications were compared between the groups. RESULTS: Of the 84,067 patients who underwent the HHA procedures, 1,327 (1.6%) patients died. Additionally, the mortality group had a higher percentage of patients who were non-electively admitted (P < 0.001) and diabetic patients with complications (P < 0.001), but lower incidences of tobacco-related disorders (P < 0.001). Significant differences were also seen in age (P < 0.001), length of stay (P < 0.001), and total charges (P < 0.001) between the two groups. Preoperatively, those aged > 70 years (OR: 2.11, 95% CI [1.74, 2.56], P < 0.001) had diabetes without complications (OR: 0.32, 95% CI [0.23, 0.44], P < 0.001), tobacco-related disorders (OR: 0.24, 95% CI [0.17, 0.34], P < 0.001) and increased rates of mortality after HHA. Postoperatively, conditions, such as pulmonary embolisms (OR: 6.62, 95% CI [5.07, 8.65], P < 0.001), acute renal failure (OR: 4.58 95% CI [4.09, 5.13], P < 0.001), pneumonia (95% CI [2.72, 3.83], P < 0.001), and myocardial infarctions (OR: 2.65, 95% CI [1.80, 3.92], P < 0.001) increased likelihood of death after undergoing HHA. Patients who were electively admitted (OR: 0.46 95% CI [0.35, 0.61], P < 0.001) had preoperative obesity (OR: 0.67, 95% CI [0.44, 0.84], P = 0.002), and a periprosthetic dislocation (OR: 0.51, 95% CI [0.31, 0.83], P = 0.007) and were found to have a decreased risk of mortality following THA. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of pre- and postoperative complications relating to HHA revealed that several comorbidities and postoperative complications increased the odds of mortality. Old age, pulmonary embolisms, acute renal failure, pneumonia, and myocardial infraction enhanced the odds of post-HHA mortality.

Second-order scattering sensor based on the Zn0.97La0.03O compound for selective and stable detection of glycated albumin.

Here, we presented a second-order scattering sensor based on the Zn0.97La0.03O compound (LaZnO) for selective and stable detection of glycated albumin (GA, glycemic long-term biomarker). The LaZnO sample was obtained through the co-precipitation method and then characterized using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, the selectivity, molecular interference, temporal stability, and pH effects of the LaZnO SOS signal in the absence and presence of GA were investigated. The results indicate the stability of the SOS signal over more than 60 days. Assays conducted within the pH range of 5 to 8 indicate that the detection of GA remains unaffected under the given conditions. Selectivity studies show that the SOS signal of LaZnO is reduced only upon contact with GA, while interference studies show that detection is not affected by other chemical species. Additionally, the calibration curve test showed high sensitivity of the material, with a detection limit of 0.55 µg/ml. All the results suggest that LaZnO can deliver efficiency, selectivity, accuracy, and fast response as a GA biosensor, emphasizing LaZnO's usefulness in detecting protein biomarkers.

Risk factors for in-patient myocardial infarction following total hip arthroplasty.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify potential risk factors for myocardial infarction immediately following total hip arthroplasty. Methods: The 2016-2019 Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was used to identify patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and suffered a myocardial infarction (MI). Patient data including demographics, admission, and comorbidities were recorded. Univariate analysis and subsequent multivariate logistic regression were performed to determine which circumstances affected the odds of MI. Results: A total of 367,890 patients were identified for THA with 142 of those also having a myocardial infarction. Those who experienced an MI had increased length of stay, total charges, and generally negative dispositions compared to their non-MI counterparts (p < 0.001). Through regression analysis, factors that increased the odds of MI included older age [odds ratio (OR) 1.59, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.49-1.70], a female sex (OR 1.46, 95 % CI 1.37-1.55), previous coronary artery bypass graft (OR 1.20, 95 % CI 1.01-1.43), obesity (OR 1.12, 95 % CI 1.04-1.21), colostomy (OR 2.07, 95 % CI 1.21-3.56), and Parkinson's disease (OR 1.48, 95 % CI 1.13-1.95). Factors that decreased that risk included elective admission (OR 0.21, 95 % CI 0.19-0.22) and a tobacco related disorder (OR 0.69, 95 % CI 0.63-0.76). Conclusions: Patient risk for myocardial infarction following total hip arthroplasty varies in part based on their background and comorbidities. These findings can be used to better recognize those who should receive further precautions and tailor proper treatment strategies for THA.

The Property Rights Index (PRIF) can be used worldwide to compare different forest governance systems.

The bundle of forest landowners' rights largely varies from one jurisdiction to another. On a global scale, the diversity of forest management regime and property rights systems is such that finding comprehensive and standardised approaches for governance analysis purposes is a challenging task. This paper explores the use of the Property Rights Index for Forestry (PRIF) as an analytical tool based on five rights domains (access, withdrawal, management, exclusion, and alienation) to assess how regulatory frameworks impact the owners' forest property rights. We show that PRIF is a reliable index for various governance arrangements, considering its ability to score forest owners' freedom to decide in case studies that range from the Amazon area (Brazil), Misiones province (Argentina) and Quebec (Canada) to community-managed Nepalese and Mexican forests. PRIF scores obtained in these diverse governance arrangements confirm that the governance of forests held by entities other than the state is driven by two factors: the owner's ability to exclude the public from the use of his/her own resource and the owner's freedom to decide on the forest management goals. These factors explained 66.44% of the variance in our sample and should be considered as the main potential drivers while implementing any new international or national policy. Despite having a few limitations, the PRIF is a promising governance indicator and has been proven to perform well for various socioeconomic and legal contexts.

satisfacción de la tutoría clínica de estudiantes de la especialidad de enfermería del adulto en estado crítico, en relación con el perfil del tutor clínico / Satisfaction with the clinical tutoring of students in the nursing specialty of critically ill adults, in relation to the profile of the clinical tutor / satisfação com a tutoria clínica de alunos da especialidade de enfermagem de adultos gravemente enfermos, em relação ao perfil do tutor clínico

Dentro del contexto universitario la tutoría pretende coadyuvar al estudiante al ingresar a programas de especialización como opción a titulación de su licenciatura. Por la importancia de ésta a nivel pedagógico es trascendental conocer la satisfacción a través de la percepción del estudiante, con relación al perfil de los tutores clínicos. Objetivo: Analizar el nivel de satisfacción de la tutoría clínica de estudiantes de la especialidad de enfermería del adulto en estado crítico respecto a sus características sociodemográficas y antecedentes académicos, en relación al perfil del tutor clínico. Estudio transversal-analítico, en estudiantes y académicos del Programa Único de Especialización de Enfermería, de la Especialidad del Adulto en Estado Crítico. Censo de 84 estudiantes y 15 tutores. Recolección a través del instrumento "Satisfacción de la tutoría clínica para enfermeras"; medida por funciones y dimensiones. El perfil del tutor clínico, a través del cuestionario académico-laboral. Satisfacción global percibida, media de 129.5 ± .569, de un máximo posible de 170 y grado de satisfacción alto 57%. A través del Coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, no existe relación lineal en dichas variables. (rp=.116, p=.304), sin embargo, sí existen diferencias significativas en la satisfacción percibida, según el género. (t=- 2.413, m=124, p = 0.019, F=53. 124 ± 22.6; M= 31; 138 ± 19.49), Replantear estrategias relativas al tipo de ingreso al programa y la estandarización óptima del índice tutor-alumno, pueden ayudar a la mejora de la satisfacción en la calidad de la tutoría clínica impartida en la especialización. Palabras Clave: tutoría clínica, estudiantes de enfermería.

Within the university context, the tutoring aims to assist the student when entering specialization programs as an option for a bachelor's degree. Due to the importance of this at the pedagogical level, it is transcendental to know the satisfaction through the perception of the student, in relation to the profile of the clinical tutors. Objective: To analyze the level of satisfaction of the clinical tutoring of students in the nursing specialty of critically ill adults with respect to their sociodemographic characteristics and academic background, in relation to the profile of the clinical tutor. Cross-analytical study, in students and academics of the Unique Nursing Specialization Program, of the Adult in Critical Condition Specialty. Census of 84 students and 15 tutors. Collection through the instrument "Satisfaction of clinical tutoring for nurses"; measured by functions and dimensions. The profile of the clinical tutor, through the academic-labor questionnaire. Perceived global satisfaction, average of 129.5 ± .569, out of a possible maximum of 170 and a high degree of satisfaction of 57%. Through the Pearson correlation coefficient, there is no linear relationship in these variables. (rp=.116, p=.304), however, there are significant differences in perceived satisfaction, according to gender. (t=- 2.413, m=124, p = 0.019, F=53. 124 ± 22.6; M= 31; 138 ± 19.49), Rethink strategies related to the type of admission to the program and the optimal standardization of the tutor-student ratio, They can help to improve satisfaction with the quality of the clinical tutoring provided in the specialization.

No contexto universitário, a tutoria visa auxiliar o aluno no ingresso em cursos de especialização como opção pelo bacharelado. Pela importância disso a nível pedagógico, é transcendental conhecer a satisfação pela percepção do aluno, em relação ao perfil dos tutores clínicos. Objetivo: Analisar o nível de satisfação da tutoria clínica dos alunos da especialidade de enfermagem de adultos gravemente enfermos quanto às suas características sociodemográficas e formação acadêmica, em relação ao perfil do tutor clínico. Estudo transversal analítico, em discentes e acadêmicos do Programa Único de Especialização em Enfermagem, da Especialidade Adulto em Estado Crítico. Censo de 84 alunos e 15 tutores. Recolha através do instrumento "Satisfação da tutoria clínica para enfermeiros"; medida por funções e dimensões. O perfil do tutor clínico, através do questionário acadêmico-laboral. Satisfação global percebida, média de 129,5 ± 0,569, de um máximo possível de 170 e alto grau de satisfação de 57%. Através do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, não há relação linear entre essas variáveis. (rp=.116, p=.304), no entanto, existem diferenças significativas na satisfação percebida, de acordo com o sexo. (t=- 2,413, m=124, p = 0,019, F=53,124 ± 22,6; M= 31; 138 ± 19,49), Repensar estratégias relacionadas ao tipo de ingresso no programa e a padronização ideal do tutor- proporção de alunos, Eles podem ajudar a melhorar a satisfação com a qualidade da tutoria clínica fornecida na especialização.

Efficient Depolymerization of Glass Fiber Reinforced PET Composites.

The transition to an eco-friendly circular materials system for garbage collected after use from end-users is a serious matter of concern for current society. One important tool in this challenge to achieve a truly circular economy is the chemical recycling of polymers. It has previously been demonstrated that chemical recycling is a feasible alternative to reach carbon circularity, which promotes the maximization of carbon recovery through all possible means. Among the advantages of chemical recycling, one must highlight its ability to selectively attack one or several target functionalities inside a complex mixed stream of polymers to obtain pure monomers, which can then be used to prepare virgin-like polymers as a final product. In previous works from our group, we used a microwave-heated potassium hydroxide in methanol (KMH) system to instantaneously depolymerize PET bottles. The KMH system was also effective for polycarbonate (PC), and intimately mixed PET/PC blends. In the present study, glass fiber reinforced (GFR) PET composites were submitted to depolymerization using the KMH system, and it was verified that more strict conditions were required for full depolymerization of GFR pellets than for pure PET pellets. Evidence of the reorganization of PET chains leading to increased crystallinity were obtained through DSC and WAXD. Surface adhesion of PET and crystallization onto glass fibers led to a different crystalline phase that seems to be more protected against the depolymerization solution, thus increasing the time required for full depolymerization when compared to unreinforced PET. An activation energy of 123 kJ/mol was estimated, in the same range of pristine PET pellets and PET bottles. The optimization of depolymerization conditions permitted 100% depolymerization within 5 min of reaction at 120 °C using 30 mL of KMH solution per g of composite. The green chemistry metrics reflect that our system is more efficient than most of the depolymerization systems found in the literature. The optimal depolymerization conditions here reported for GFR PET composites represent another step towards a total recycling system that includes not only pure polymers but also composites, commonly present in daily life.

Ultrafast Simultaneous and Selective Depolymerization of Heterogeneous Streams of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polycarbonate: Towards Industrially Feasible Chemical Recycling.

Mixed plastic waste-streams are a main obstacle to a more extensive implementation of polymer recycling. Separating mixed-plastic waste streams demands time and effort at collection or in the recycling plant, while many products consist of multiple polymers that cannot be readily separated. Chemical recycling could provide the key to overcome this issue by targeting specific chemical bonds, enabling selective depolymerization of a single polymer class in a mixture. This work explores the depolymerization of polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in separate and in mixed streams. Selective depolymerization of mixed streams composed of PET and PC and one-step separation of their constituent monomers are carried out with outstanding energy efficiency through an inexpensive KOH-in-methanol hydrolysis (KMH) process developed for instantaneous PET hydrolysis. The activation energies for depolymerization of PC and PET pellets are 68.6 and 131.4 kJ mol-1 , respectively. Randomly mixed streams are fully depolymerized within 2 min at 120 °C using 30 mL of depolymerization solution per gram of polymer. The separation of bisphenol A and terephthalic acid is demonstrated in a one-step separation process, yielding 98 and 97 % purity without any secondary reactions detected. Simultaneous depolymerization and selective one-step separation of monomers are also demonstrated for a PET/PC polymer blend prepared by solution casting, showing that this process also works for intimately mixed PET/PC mixtures.

Safety, Feasibility, and Acceptability of a New Virtual Rehabilitation Platform: A Supervised Pilot Study.

PURPOSE: Stroke is the leading cause of disability in adults worldwide, with hemiparesis being the most prevalent consequence. The use of video games and movement sensors could contribute to improving patients' chances of recovery. We performed a supervised pilot study to validate the safety, feasibility, and acceptability of a new virtual rehabilitation platform in patients with chronic post-stroke upper limb hemiparesis. METHODS: The participants (n = 9) participated in 40 rehabilitation sessions, twice a week, for a period of 20 weeks. Their experiences with the platform were documented using a Likert-scale survey. Changes in motor function were evaluated using the Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory (CAHAI) and the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: All participants expressed that they enjoyed the experience and felt comfortable using the platform. Preliminary results showed significant motor recovery (P = .0039) according to the WMFT scores. Patients with significant impairment showed no improvement in upper limb task-oriented motor function after therapy.The new platform is safe and well-accepted by patients. The improvement in motor function observed in some of the participants should be attributed to the therapy since spontaneous functional recovery is not expected in chronic stroke patients.

Influence of Phyllosilicate Structure on Performance of Polypropylene Nanocomposites Prepared via In-Situ Polymerization.

This work explores the use of two different phyllosilicate structures (muscovite mica and bentonite) as co-support for in situ polymerization of propylene using Ziegler-Natta catalyst based on MgCl2/TiCl4 with electron donor for isotacticity control. It was observed along the experiments that the mass ratio MgCl2:mica needs to be at least 3:1 in order to maintain a feasible catalyst activity. It was found through XRD, TEM, SEM and DMA that crystallinity of polypropylene composites is different according to the nature of phyllosilicates used and the mechanical performance of mica composites, as long as wettability and thermal stability were in general higher than those of PP/bentonite composites. Moreover, activity of MgCl2:mica supported catalyst was higher than that co-supported on bentonite. Chemical modification in mica showed to improve in more than 500% the elastic modulus of PP/mica composites.

Cisplatin-conjugated gold nanoparticles as a theranostic agent for head and neck cancer.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to develop a nanoplatform, which simultaneously acts as radiosensitizer, drug carrier, and tumor imaging agent for head and neck cancer. METHODS: We synthesized 20 nm gold nanoparticles, coated with glucose and cisplatin (CG-GNPs). Their penetration into tumor cells and their cellular toxicity were evaluated in vitro. In vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate their impact on tumor growth and their imaging capabilities. RESULTS: The CG-GNPs showed efficient penetration into tumor cells and similar cellular toxicity as cisplatin alone. Combined with radiation, CG-GNPs led to greater tumor reduction than that of radiation alone and radiation with free cisplatin. The CG-GNPs also demonstrated efficient tumor imaging capabilities. CONCLUSION: Our CG-GNPs have a great potential to increase antitumor effect, overcome resistance to chemotherapeutics and radiation, and allow imaging-guided therapy.

Effectiveness of Brassica juncea (mustard green) leaf decoction as an adjunct in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus among Filipinos: a randomized clinical trial / The Health Sciences Journal

Introduction This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mustard green leaf decoction as an adjunct to drug treatment in controlling blood glucose among Filipinos with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Participants were randomly assigned to receive mustard decoction or a placebo solution for eight weeks on top of their oral anti-hyperglycemic medication. Fasting blood sugar and complete blood counts were determined at baseline, Week 4 and Week 8, and compared within and across the two groups. Results There was a decreasing trend in the blood sugar in the mustard green group while the opposite was noted in the placebo group. The mean FBS levels of the mustard green group were significantly lower than that of the placebo group at the Week 8 determination (6.10 vs 8.69 mmol/L, p=0.0004). The decrease in blood sugar level on the eight week in the mustard green group was significant compared with the baseline level (p=0.008).Conclusion This study had demonstrated that the intake of Brassica juncea decoction can significantly decrease blood sugar level among type 2 diabetics compared to metformin alone. 

Effectiveness of Brassica juncea (mustard green) leaf decoction as an adjunct in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus among Filipinos: a randomized clinical trial / The Health Sciences Journal

INTRODUCTION@#This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mustard green leaf decoction as an adjunct to drug treatment in controlling blood glucose among Filipinos with type 2 diabetes mellitus.@*METHODS@#Participants were randomly assigned to receive mustard green decoction or a placebo solution for eight weeks on top of their oral anti-hyperglycemic medication. Fasting blood sugar and complete blood counts were determined at baseline, Week 4 and Week 8, and compared within and across the two groups.@*RESULTS@#There was a decreasing trend in the blood sugar level in the mustard green group while the opposite was noted in the placebo group. The mean FBS levels of the mustard green group were significantly lower than that of the placebo group at the Week 8 determination (6.10 vs 8.69 mmol/ L, p = 0.004). The decrease in blood sugar level on the eighth week in the mustard green group was significant compared with the baseline level (p = 0.008).@*CONCLUSION@#This study has demonstrated that the intake of Brassica juncea decoction can significantly decrease blood sugar levels among type 2 diabetics compared to metformin alone.

[Frequency and mortality by rebleeding in cirrhotic patients treated for bleeding esophagic varices in two hospitals in Lima Peru during years 2009 to 2011]. / Frecuencia y mortalidad de resangrado en pacientes cirróticos tratados por hemorragia de várices esofágicas en dos hospitales de Lima-Perú durante los años 2009-2011.

UNLABELLED: During the first 6 weeks after a variceal hemorrhage there is a 30-40% of probability of recurrence and those who rebleed 20- 30% die. Passed this period, the risk of rebleeding is of 60% and reaches a mortality of 60-70% in two years without treatment. OBJECTIVE: Describe the frequency of rebleeding and mortality due to rebleeding in cirrhotic patients treated for variceal hemorrhage at Endoscopic Centers of Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru and Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, Peru during the years 2009-2011. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study type is a transversal, periodic and retrospective one in which were included 176 cirrhotic patients older than 14 years who have bleed for esophageal varices and that have received endoscopic therapy. The instruments used were a data sheet with all the information obtained from the clinical chart of each patient, the CHILD score to assess severity of hepatic disease, endoscopic informs and phone calls. RESULTS: The frequency of rebleeding before 6 weeks was 32.20% (56 patients). Also, the frequency of rebleeding after that time was 22.56% (37 patients). There was a mortality rate of 5.70% (10 patients) and a mortality rate due to rebleeding of 13.33% (6 patients). CONCLUSIONS: Variceal hemorrhage is an important cause of mobimortality in peruvian people. The frequency of rebleeding and mortality due to rebleeding resulted slightly lower than in other countries.

Frecuencia y mortalidad de resangrado en pacientes cirróticos tratados por hemorragia de várices esofágicas en dos hospitales de Lima-Perú durante los años 2009-2011 / Frequency and mortality by rebleeding in cirrhotic patients treated for bleeding esophagic varices in two hospitals in Lima Peru during years 2009 to 2011

Durante las primeras 6 semanas después de una hemorragia variceal hay un 30-40% de probabilidad de recurrencia y de aquellos que resangran mueren del 20-35%. Pasado este periodo, el riesgo de resangrado se presenta en un 60% de pacientes alcanzando una mortalidad de 60-70% en dos años sin tratamiento. Objetivo: Describir la frecuencia de resangrado y mortalidad por resangrado en pacientes cirróticos tratados por hemorragia variceal en los Centros Endoscópicos del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (HNCH) y del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza (HNAL) , ambos en Lima, Perú, durante los años 2009-2011. Materiales y Métodos: El estudio es transversal de periodo y retrospectivo donde participaron en total 176 pacientes cirróticos mayores de 14 años de edad que hayan sangrado por varices esofágicas y que hayan recibido tratamiento endoscópico por hemorragia variceal. Los instrumentos fueron la ficha de datos donde se consignó la información obtenida de las historias clínicas de cada paciente, la escala de CHILD para medir la severidad de la enfermedad hepática, informes endoscópicos y llamadas telefónicas. Resultados: En total se halló una tasa de frecuencia de 32,20% (56 pacientes) con resangrado temprano menor de 6 semanas. Asimismo, se obtuvo un 22,56% (37 pacientes) con resangrado tardío en los controles posteriores. Se halló una mortalidad de 5,70% (10 pacientes) en el total de los pacientes. Y una tasa de mortalidad por resangrado de 13,33% (6 pacientes). Conclusión: La hemorragia variceal es una causa importante de morbimortalidad en la población peruana, la frecuencia y mortalidad por resangrado resultaron ligeramente menores a la reportada en la bibliografía mundial.

During the first 6 weeks after a variceal hemorrhage there is a 30-40% of probability of recurrence and those who rebleed 20-30% die. Passed this period, the risk of rebleeding is of 60% and reaches a mortality of 60-70% in two years without treatment. Objective: Describe the frequency of rebleeding and mortality due to rebleeding in cirrhotic patients treated for variceal hemorrhage at Endoscopic Centers of Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru and Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, Peru during the years 2009-2011. Materials and methods: The study type is a transversal, periodic and retrospective one in which were included 176 cirrhotic patients older than 14 years who have bleed for esophageal varices and that have received endoscopic therapy. The instruments used were a data sheet with all the information obtained from the clinical chart of each patient, the CHILD score to assess severity of hepatic disease, endoscopic informs and phone calls. Results: The frequency of rebleeding before 6 weeks was 32.20% (56 patients). Also, the frequency of rebleeding after that time was 22.56% (37 patients). There was a mortality rate of 5.70% (10 patients) and a mortality rate due to rebleeding of 13.33% (6 patients). Conclusions: Variceal hemorrhage is an important cause of mobimortality in peruvian people. The frequency of rebleeding and mortality due to rebleeding resulted slightly lower than in other countries.