Racialized Women in Sport in Canada: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: This scoping literature review examines: What literature exists about the sport and physical activity experiences of racialized cis and trans women, adolescents, and girls in Canada? METHODS: English language peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, and gray literature published January 1, 2000, up to May 31, 2020, were examined. The databases used were SPORTDiscus via EBSCO, Sociological Abstracts, Sport Medicine and Education Index, and Google Scholar. The 42 studies and 15 gray literatures found included 1430 participants explicitly specified as racialized women/girl participants. RESULTS: There was a paucity of literature on the topic overall with none (n = 0) focused on experiences of racialized trans women. The limited research notes some successful programs that address racialized women's needs. However, the research also shows widespread experiences of discrimination against women based on racial group and language and limited access to culturally relevant or welcoming sporting opportunities, such as women-only programs and spaces. CONCLUSIONS: Much more research should be done to disaggregate "immigrants" into specific racial and ethnic groups, attend to intersectional identities and barriers, understand a wide range of involvement (eg, including coaching, high performance sport, recreation, exercise, university sport, mentorship programs), document racism and White privilege, and describe the joys of participation in sport for racialized women.

Black Women Coaches in Community: Promising Practices for Mentorship in Canada.

Mentorship programs have been shown to help under-represented women navigate their environments, but little research has been done on mentorship programs in sport coaching in Canada. The first of its kind in Canada, the Black Female Coach Mentorship Program (BFCMP) created by the Black Canadian Coaches Association in partnership with the Coaching Association of Canada caters to an historically excluded population: Black, Biracial, and Indigenous women coaches. The research aimed to understand the experiences of program participants to better inform policy, decision-making, and sustainability of the BFCMP. Through mentorship session observations, one-on-one semi-structured interviews with 15 of the 27 inaugural BFCMP mentors and mentees, and thematic analysis, we determined the ability to form a trusted community was a promising practice for coach mentorship programs. Our findings suggest that participants, the majority of whom were the only Black woman coach in their program/institution, benefit from mentorship because of the opportunities to help each other develop as leaders, build relationships to resist loneliness, and nurture resilience through community.

A review of the literature on HIV infection and schizophrenia: implications for research, policy and clinical practice.

AIDS represents one of the major public health problems of the 21st century. Men having sex with men, injecting drug use and having multiple sexual partners are well-established risk behaviours for transmitting the HIV virus. People with schizophrenia are more likely to engage in these behaviours than the general population and as a result there is an increased prevalence of HIV infection in this group. However, many contemporary mental health policy reports fail to discuss the risk of HIV/AIDS in people with schizophrenia, and there are few specific references to sexual health promotion in these documents. People with schizophrenia should be considered an at-risk population for HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. Psychiatric research, policy and clinical practice need to develop rapidly to address this important aspect of a major public health problem.