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Objective@#Advanced cervical cancer is still difficult to treat and in the case of recurrent cancer, it is desirable to utilize personalized treatment rather than uniform treatment because the type of recurrence is different for each individual. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a patient-derived organoid (PDO) platform to determine the effects of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy in cervical cancer. @*Methods@#We established organoids from 4 patients with various types of cervical cancer. The histopathological and gene profiles of these organoid models were compared to determine their characteristics and the maintenance of the patient phenotype. Each type of organoid was also subjected to anticancer drug screening and radiation therapy to evaluate its sensitivity. @*Results@#We established PDOs to recapitulate the main elements of the original patient tumors, including the DNA copy number and mutational profile. We selected 7 drugs that showed growth inhibition in cervical cancer organoids out of 171 using an Food and Drug Administration -approved drug library. Moreover, adenocarcinoma and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma showed resistance to radiation therapy. whereas squamous cell carcinoma and villoglandular carcinoma showed a significant response to radiotherapy. @*Conclusion@#Our results showed that patient-derived cervical cancer organoids can be used as a platform for drug and radiation sensitivity testing. These findings suggest that patient-derived cervical cancer organoids could be used as a personalized medicine platform and may provide the best treatment options for patients with various subtypes of cervical cancer.
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Background/Aims@#We aimed to define an optimal target population and drug-specific biomarkers that may predict dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor responses in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). @*Methods@#An exploration study (study I) was performed using three different NAFLD models (basket study design; high-fat diet [HFD], methionine choline-deficient diet [MCD], and high-cholesterol Western diet [WD] models). RNA transcriptome analysis was performed on pre-studied liver tissues to identify biomarkers that could predict the response to DPP-4 inhibitors. In the validation study (study II), the HFD-induced NAFLD model was divided into high and low hepatic insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (Igfbp-1) groups based on the pre-study liver biopsy. @*Results@#DPP-4 inhibitor attenuated the NAFLD activity score and fibrosis stage in the HFD model but not in the WD and MCD models. The overall response rate was 19% across the modified basket NAFLD trial and 42%, 25%, and 0% in the HFD, WD, and MCD models. Hepatic Igfbp-1 expression was higher in the responder group than in the non-responder group in pre-study biopsy samples. In contrast, hepatic Igfbp-1 expression was lower in the responder group than in the non-responder group in the end-study biopsy samples. DPP-4 inhibitor response rates were 83% and 17% in the baseline hepatic high Igfbp-1 and low Igfbp-1 groups, respectively. Hepatic messenger RNA Igfbp-1 expression was positively correlated with serum IGFBP-1 levels. @*Conclusions@#The DPP-4 inhibitor response was higher in the HFD phenotype and pre-treatment levels of hepatic or serum IGFBP-1 were high.
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Background and Objectives@#Hypoxia is frequently used to enhance stem cell function. However, the optimal level of hypoxia for growth and function of human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hES-MSCs) is yet to be determined. The purpose of this study was to find the optimal level of hypoxia for hES-MSCs and characteristics of hES-MSCs cultured under these optimal hypoxic conditions. @*Methods@#and Results: Cell viability and changes in the morphology of hES-MSCs were determined through cell proliferation and CCK-8 assay. The hES-MSCs were preconditioned under various hypoxic conditions (0.5∼5% O2 and 24∼72 h). The expression of cytokines in each culture condition was compared using cytokine array analysis. The morphology of hES-MSCs did not change under various hypoxic culture conditions. hES-MSCs viability after 48 h incubation in 2% O2condition was higher than that in normoxic condition. HIF1α expression was increased up to six folds after 48 h of hypoxic preconditioning. HIF1α expression in hES-MSCs peaked after 48 h of incubation in 1% O2 condition. The expressions of PDGF-BB, IGFBP-6, VEGF-A, and angiogenin were increased after hES-MSCs were incubated for 48 h in 2% O2 condition. @*Conclusions@#The hES-MSCs viability and expressions of PDGF-BB, IGFBP-6, VEGF-A, and angiogenin increased after 48 h incubation in 2% O2 condition.
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Background and Objectives@#Hypoxia is frequently used to enhance stem cell function. However, the optimal level of hypoxia for growth and function of human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hES-MSCs) is yet to be determined. The purpose of this study was to find the optimal level of hypoxia for hES-MSCs and characteristics of hES-MSCs cultured under these optimal hypoxic conditions. @*Methods@#and Results: Cell viability and changes in the morphology of hES-MSCs were determined through cell proliferation and CCK-8 assay. The hES-MSCs were preconditioned under various hypoxic conditions (0.5∼5% O2 and 24∼72 h). The expression of cytokines in each culture condition was compared using cytokine array analysis. The morphology of hES-MSCs did not change under various hypoxic culture conditions. hES-MSCs viability after 48 h incubation in 2% O2condition was higher than that in normoxic condition. HIF1α expression was increased up to six folds after 48 h of hypoxic preconditioning. HIF1α expression in hES-MSCs peaked after 48 h of incubation in 1% O2 condition. The expressions of PDGF-BB, IGFBP-6, VEGF-A, and angiogenin were increased after hES-MSCs were incubated for 48 h in 2% O2 condition. @*Conclusions@#The hES-MSCs viability and expressions of PDGF-BB, IGFBP-6, VEGF-A, and angiogenin increased after 48 h incubation in 2% O2 condition.
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BACKGROUND: The heterogeneity of histological findings in preclinical diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) animal models is highly challenging. Here, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility and stability of repeated liver biopsy in NAFLD animal models. METHODS: Heterogeneity of diet-induced NAFLD was evaluated at different time points in 52 high-fat diet (HFD), 35 methionine choline-deficiency diet (MCD), and 166 western diet (WD) induced NAFLD mice. Serial liver biopsies (left lateral, right medial, and left medial lobes) were performed monthly for up to 3 months. Mortality rates and changes in food intake, body weight, and liver enzymes were assessed. RESULTS: At 12 weeks, of the HFD animals, 14% and 30% did not develop steatosis and lobular inflammation, respectively; of the MCD animals, 7% did not develop lobular inflammation; and of the WD animals, 14% and 51% did not develop steatosis and lobular inflammation, respectively. The mortality rate of repeated liver biopsy was 1.62% (2/123 mice died). Repeated liver biopsy can be used to trace disease progression. Although body weight, food intake, and liver enzymes slightly changed after biopsy, all recovered within a week. Repeated liver biopsy did not affect the degrees of inflammation and steatosis of the other liver lobes. CONCLUSION: The diet-induced NAFLD models were quite heterogeneous. Our results suggest that the repeated liver biopsy before treatment was applicable and stable in this NAFLD animal study.
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Animais , Camundongos , Biópsia , Peso Corporal , Dieta , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Dieta Ocidental , Progressão da Doença , Ingestão de Alimentos , Inflamação , Fígado , Metionina , Modelos Animais , Mortalidade , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Características da PopulaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent studies have shown that several nonmotor symptoms differ between Parkinson's disease (PD) and drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP). However, there have been no reports on cardiovascular autonomic function in DIP, and so this study investigated whether cardiovascular autonomic function differs between PD and DIP patients. METHODS: This study consecutively enrolled 20 DIP patients, 99 drug-naïve PD patients, and 25 age-matched healthy controls who underwent head-up tilt-table testing and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. RESULTS: Orthostatic hypotension was more frequent in patients with PD or DIP than in healthy controls. In DIP, orthostatic hypotension was associated with the underlying psychiatric diseases and neuroleptics use, whereas prokinetics were not related to orthostatic hypotension. The supine blood pressure, nighttime blood pressure, and nocturnal blood pressure dipping did not differ significantly between the DIP and control groups. Supine hypertension and nocturnal hypertension were more frequent in PD patients than in controls. CONCLUSIONS: The included DIP patients frequently exhibited orthostatic hypotension that was associated with the underlying diseases as well as the nature of and exposure time to the offending drugs. Clinicians should individualize the manifestations of DIP according to underlying diseases as well as the action mechanism of and exposure time to each offending drug.
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Humanos , Antipsicóticos , Pressão Sanguínea , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial , Hipertensão , Hipotensão Ortostática , Doença de Parkinson , Transtornos Parkinsonianos , Teste da Mesa InclinadaRESUMO
The term "vascular ectasia" is defined to include angiodysplasia, gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) and telangiectasis, and these are the leading causes of acute or chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. We describe here the first 2 Korean cases of GAVE with rectal vascular ectasia in patients with liver cirrhosis. A 70-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with hematochezia. The finding on endoscopy showed diffuse nonconfluent spots with oozing bleeding on the antrum and several vascular spots with oozing bleeding on the rectum. The lesions were successfully treated by argon plasma coagulation (APC). We report on another case of rectal vascular ectasia in a patient with liver cirrhosis. A 77-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with hematochezia. The findings on colonoscopy showed diffuse vascular spots with oozing bleeding on the rectum. The lesions were successfully treated by APC. These two patients have had no bleeding since their treatment, and they are currently being evaluated by follow-up studies at the outpatient department.
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Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Angiodisplasia , Argônio , Coagulação com Plasma de Argônio , Carbamatos , Colonoscopia , Dilatação Patológica , Endoscopia , Seguimentos , Ectasia Vascular Gástrica Antral , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal , Hemorragia , Fígado , Cirrose Hepática , Compostos Organometálicos , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Reto , TelangiectasiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study on effect of concentration of catalpol and 5-hydroxy methyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) from Rehmanniae Radix at various processing. METHOD: The Rehmanniae Radix was dried and prepared from the steaming process with 10% ethanol, 50% ethanol at 90 degrees C and 100 degrees C each other. And the changes of catalpol and 5-HMF was determinated. The extraction of 5-HMF and catalpol was sonicated in 30% methanol for 2 h. The analysis of 5-HMF and catalpol was conducted by HPLC with reversed-phase C-18 column and detected under UV 284 nm, 204 nm. Elution was carried out at 1.0 mL min(-1) with 3% acetonitrile. RESULT: From this analysis, we found out that the content of catalpol was decreased with the number of processing times, and content of 5-HMF was increased with the number of processing times at various processing. The temperature and concentration of ethanol can effect on content of catalpol and 5-HMF at processing. The Cooked Rehmanniae Radix processed at 100 degrees C, 10% ethanol is best. And the content of 5-HMF processed for more than 7 times was accorded with standard of Korea phamcopoetia. CONCLUSION: Analyze the effect of concentration of catalpol and 5-HMF from Rehmanniae Radix at various processing, and provide the foundation for further study.
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Furaldeído/análogos & derivados , Glucosídeos/análise , Iridoides/análise , Plantas Medicinais/química , Rehmannia/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Etanol , Furaldeído/análise , Temperatura Alta , Glucosídeos Iridoides , Tubérculos/química , Tecnologia Farmacêutica/métodosRESUMO
Diabetic muscle infarction (DMI) is a rare complication that usually occurs in diabetic patients with advanced microvascular complication. DMI presents with abrupt or subacute onset of pain, tenderness and swelling of a localized muscle group in the lower extremities in most instances. It is usually improved by conservative management such as avoiding weight bearing or pain control, but recurs frequently in 50% of the patients. The diagnosis is based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is not specific but highly indicative. A forty-nine-years-old female on hemodialysis was admitted presenting with severe pain and swelling of right thigh. To evaluate the causes of leg swelling, angiography and MRI in both legs and muscle biopsy at right thigh were performed. There was no deep vein thrombosis and arteriosclerosis in the lower extremities on angiography. The patient was diagnosed to DMI by MRI. After conservative treatment such as administration of analgesics, anti-platelet agent and physical therapy, pain and swelling of thigh was diminished, but frequently recurred. We describe a case of recurrent diabetic muscle infarction in a patient with maintenance hemodialysis therapy.