(Re)construcción del rol histórico de la enfermería en Chile: una mirada desde las representaciones sociales de las personas vinculadas a la enfermería / (Re) construção do papel histórico da enfermagem no Chile: um olhar a partir dasrepresentações sociais de pessoas vinculadas à enfermagem / (Re) construction of the historical role of nursing in Chile: a look from the social representations of people linked to nursing

Aim. Explore the social representations of the historical role of Chilean nursing in people linked to thisprofession. Methodology. A study of social representations was carried out through the application of free listsin people linked to nursing. From the structuralist approach, the central nucleus and the peripheries of the socialrepresentation were determined, complementing it with an analysis of similarity of the words evoked and one ofthe discourses that support the choice of the participants, interpreted according to their lexicographicrelationships. Results The central nucleus was made up of the terms: “Care”, “History”, “Management” and“Florence Nightingale”. Two main nodes were identified: “nursing” and “role”. The elements “history” and“health” showed a greater relationship with “nursing”; while “role” was linked to the execution and the management of the profession. Conclusion. Although there is a diversity of terms related to milestones in thehistorical role of Chilean nursing, there are elements that are not present. It is essential to reinforce the spacesfor discussion and training, since the omission in matters of public policies in which the nursing discipline inChile has been a participant throughout history is evident. (AU)

Objetivo. Explorar las representaciones sociales del rol histórico de la enfermería chilena, en personasvinculadas a esta profesión. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio de las representaciones sociales por medio de laaplicación de listados libres en personas vinculadas a la enfermería. A partir del enfoque estructuralista sedeterminó el núcleo central y las periferias de la representación social complementando con un análisis desimilitud de las palabras evocadas y uno de los discursos que fundamentan la elección de los participantes,interpretado en función de sus relaciones lexicográficas. Resultados El núcleo central estuvo conformado porlos términos: “Cuidados”, “Historia”, “Gestión” y “Florence Nightingale”. Se identificaron dos nodos:“enfermería” y “rol”. Los elementos “historia” y “salud” mostraron mayor relación con “enfermería”; mientrasque “rol” se vinculó a la ejecución y las gestiones propias de la profesión. Conclusión. A pesar que existe unadiversidad de términos relacionados con hitos del rol histórico de la enfermería chilena, hay aún elementos queno están presentes. Es indispensable reforzar los espacios de discusión y formación, ya que, se hace evidente laomisión en materia de políticas públicas en que ha sido partícipe la disciplina de enfermería en Chile a lo largode la historia. (AU)

Objetivo. Explorar as representações sociais do papel histórico da enfermagem chilena nas pessoasvinculadas a esta profissão. Metodologia. Foi realizado um estudo das representações sociais através daaplicação de listas livres em pessoas ligadas à enfermagem. A partir da abordagem estruturalista foideterminado o núcleo central e periférico da representação social complementando com uma análise dasemelhança das palavras evocadas e dos discursos que fundamentam a eleição dos participantes, interpretadosem função das suas relações lexicográficas. Resultados: O núcleo central foi formado pelos termos: “Cuidado”,“História”, “Gestão” e “Florence Nightingale”. Foram identificados dois nós: “enfermagem” e “função”. Oselementos “história” e “saúde” mostraram uma maior relação com a “enfermagem”, enquanto que “função”estava ligado à execução e gestão da profissão. Conclusão. Apesar de haver uma diversidade de termosrelacionados com marcos do papel histórico da enfermagem chilena, há elementos que não estão presentes. Éindispensável reforçar os espaços de discussão e formação, pois, torna-se evidente a omissão em matéria depolíticas públicas em que a disciplina de enfermagem têm participado no Chile ao longo da história. (AU)

Mental Health Burden of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Healthcare Workers in Four Latin American Countries.

The aim of the study was to assess the mental health burden of the COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare workers in four Latin American countries in 2020.An online survey was carried out with 1721 participants from Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Mexico in 2020. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling method was used to recruit voluntary participants. Post-traumatic stress symptoms were assessed with the SPRINT-E scale, Perceived Discrimination was assessed with a Spanish version of the scale developed by Molero, and anxiety toward death was assessed with the Spanish version of the Templer scale. All instruments were assessed for internal consistency.The overall frequency of post-traumatic stress symptoms was 23.9%. The frequency by countries was 26.4% in Argentina, 29.8% in Chile, 19.9 in Colombia, and 23.8% in Mexico. Post-traumatic stress symptoms were associated with individual subtle discrimination, anxiety toward the death of the elderly, lack of Personal Protective Equipment, and exposition to the death.The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a mental health burden on health workers in the countries included in the study, not only due to the implications of the disease in the face of exposure to death, but also due to institutional conditions and in which they carry out their work.