[Ocular loiasis in a patient with chronic hypereosinophilia]. / Loiasis ocular en paciente con hipereosinofilia crónica.

CASE REPORT: We present a case of ocular loiasis with a subconjunctival filaria, 5.5cm long, and a severe microfilaremia, 1 microfilaria/ml, on a previously asymptomatic woman from Equatorial Guinea, with a past medical history of hypereosinophilia of unknown origin. DISCUSSION: Ocular loiasis is an imported infestation with a very low rate in our country. Nevertheless, chronic infestation in immigrants coming from endemic areas of Africa may increase the rate of this disease in our country.

[Decompression retinopathy with maculopathy after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C]. / Retinopatía por descompresión con maculopatía tras trabeculectomía con mitomicina C.

CASE REPORT: We present a case of decompression retinopathy with retinal haemorrhages, optic nerve haemorrhages, maculopathy, and decreased visual acuity after trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C. DISCUSSION: Decompression retinopathy is a potential complication after glaucoma surgery but has been rarely reported in the world literature. Although these four characteristics have been described separately, in this patient all four occurred together.

Efficacy of topical cyclosporine-loaded nanocapsules on keratoplasty rejection in the rat.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of a topical formulation of nanocapsules loaded with 1% cyclosporine A (CsA), which has been previously demonstrated to enhance CsA corneal penetration, compared to 1% CsA in migliol oil on a penetrating keratoplasty rejection model in the rat. METHODS: Lewis rats received orthotopic corneal allografts from inbred Fisher donors. Rats were treated with 10 microliters of the following topical solutions four times daily for 30 days, starting one day before surgery: Group 1 (n = 9), 1% CsA-loaded nanocapsules; group 2 (n = 13), 1% CsA dissolved in migliol oil; group 3 (n = 12), migliol oil; group 4 (n = 13), no treatment. Rejection index, mean survival time and rejection percentage were calculated for each group, and CsA levels in blood were measured. RESULTS: The rejection percentage was 84.6% for group 2, 91.7% for group 3, and 100% for groups 1 and 4, with no significant differences among groups. Mean graft survival time was 7.3 days for group 1, 15.5 days for group 2, 8.36 days for group 3, and 7.69 days for group 4, with significant differences between group 2 and the other groups. Systemic CsA levels were only detectable in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: CsA formulated in migliol oil delayed corneal rejection onset, but blood levels were evident in this group. CsA loaded-nanocapsules showed no effect on rejection and the drug was not detectable in blood. These data, along with the current concepts on corneal graft rejection immunology, suggest that the immunomodulatory effect of topical CsA in the prevention of corneal graft rejection may be systemically-mediated.

Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis a potentially blinding disorder.

Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to foreign proteins (i.e., bacterial products), occurs more often in children and young adults sensitized to Staphylococcus aureus inhabiting the lid margins. Clinical manifestations occur on the conjunctiva and/or the cornea. Management strategies used to treat a 14-year-old girl with a long history of keratoconjunctivitis with severe corneal involvement and secondary lacrimal gland enlargement included a complete ocular examination, blood workups, cultures, vigorous lid hygiene, topical antibiotics and steroids, and systemic doxycycline. Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis was diagnosed, and Streptoccocus viridans was found colonizing the lid margins and fornices. Subsequent treatment quieted the active inflammation and the secondary lacrimal gland enlargement. However, the residual corneal scarring permanently compromised visual acuity. This patient demonstrates the potentially blinding consequences of untreated phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. Moreover, Streptoccocus viridans is not frequently associated with this disorder. To our knowledge hypertrophy of the lacrimal gland, as a secondary complication of this disorder, has not been reported previously.