A novel neural network model with distributed evolutionary approach for big data classification.

The considerable improvement of technology produced for various applications has resulted in a growth in data sizes, such as healthcare data, which is renowned for having a large number of variables and data samples. Artificial neural networks (ANN) have demonstrated adaptability and effectiveness in classification, regression, and function approximation tasks. ANN is used extensively in function approximation, prediction, and classification. Irrespective of the task, ANN learns from the data by adjusting the edge weights to minimize the error between the actual and predicted values. Back Propagation is the most frequent learning technique that is used to learn the weights of ANN. However, this approach is prone to the problem of sluggish convergence, which is especially problematic in the case of Big Data. In this paper, we propose a Distributed Genetic Algorithm based ANN Learning Algorithm for addressing challenges associated with ANN learning for Big data. Genetic Algorithm is one of the well-utilized bio-inspired combinatorial optimization methods. Also, it is possible to parallelize it at multiple stages, and this may be done in an extremely effective manner for the distributed learning process. The proposed model is tested with various datasets to evaluate its realizability and efficiency. The results obtained from the experiments show that after a specific volume of data, the proposed learning method outperformed the traditional methods in terms of convergence time and accuracy. The proposed model outperformed the traditional model by almost 80% improvement in computational time.

Identification of glaucoma from fundus images using deep learning techniques.

PURPOSE: Glaucoma is one of the preeminent causes of incurable visual disability and blindness across the world due to elevated intraocular pressure within the eyes. Accurate and timely diagnosis is essential for preventing visual disability. Manual detection of glaucoma is a challenging task that needs expertise and years of experience. METHODS: In this paper, we suggest a powerful and accurate algorithm using a convolutional neural network (CNN) for the automatic diagnosis of glaucoma. In this work, 1113 fundus images consisting of 660 normal and 453 glaucomatous images from four databases have been used for the diagnosis of glaucoma. A 13-layer CNN is potently trained from this dataset to mine vital features, and these features are classified into either glaucomatous or normal class during testing. The proposed algorithm is implemented in Google Colab, which made the task straightforward without spending hours installing the environment and supporting libraries. To evaluate the effectiveness of our algorithm, the dataset is divided into 70% for training, 20% for validation, and the remaining 10% utilized for testing. The training images are augmented to 12012 fundus images. RESULTS: Our model with SoftMax classifier achieved an accuracy of 93.86%, sensitivity of 85.42%, specificity of 100%, and precision of 100%. In contrast, the model with the SVM classifier achieved accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision of 95.61, 89.58, 100, and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the ability of the deep learning model to identify glaucoma from fundus images and suggest that the proposed system can help ophthalmologists in a fast, accurate, and reliable diagnosis of glaucoma.

Autism spectrum disorders: Integration of the genome, transcriptome and the environment.

Autism spectrum disorders denote a series of lifelong neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by an impaired social communication profile and often repetitive, stereotyped behavior. Recent years have seen the complex genetic architecture of the disease being progressively unraveled with advancements in gene finding technology and next generation sequencing methods. However, a complete elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind autism is necessary for potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. A multidisciplinary approach should be adopted where the focus is not only on the 'genetics' of autism but also on the combinational roles of epigenetics, transcriptomics, immune system disruption and environmental factors that could all influence the etiopathogenesis of the disease. ASD is a clinically heterogeneous disorder with great genetic complexity; only through an integrated multidimensional effort can modern autism research progress further.

A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for protein structure prediction with immune operators.

Genetic algorithms (GA) are often well suited for optimisation problems involving several conflicting objectives. It is more suitable to model the protein structure prediction problem as a multi-objective optimisation problem since the potential energy functions used in the literature to evaluate the conformation of a protein are based on the calculations of two different interaction energies: local (bond atoms) and non-local (non-bond atoms) and experiments have shown that those types of interactions are in conflict, by using the potential energy function, Chemistry at Harvard Macromolecular Mechanics. In this paper, we have modified the immune inspired Pareto archived evolutionary strategy (I-PAES) algorithm and denoted it as MI-PAES. It can effectively exploit some prior knowledge about the hydrophobic interactions, which is one of the most important driving forces in protein folding to make vaccines. The proposed MI-PAES is comparable with other evolutionary algorithms proposed in literature, both in terms of best solution found and the computational time and often results in much better search ability than that of the canonical GA.