[Schizophrenia according to DSM-5]. / La esquizofrenia según el DSM-5.

The system of classification of psychiatric disorders has evolved during the last half-century. This article briefly reviews the modifications of the structure of the chapter "Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders" in DSM-5; then analyzes in detail the changes that were specifically made for schizophrenia. Among them, the fundamentals are: a) the elimination of the special treatment of bizarre delusions and hallucinations of Schneiderian "first rank", b) the clarification of the definition of negative symptoms, and c) the addition of the requirement that at least one of the two required characteristic symptoms should be disorganized speech, hallucinations or delusions. It also discusses the elimination of subtypes of schizophrenia and the addition of psychopathological dimensions, and the consequences of the lack of validated biomarkers that could facilitate the diagnosis.

La esquizofrenia según el DSM-5 / [Schizophrenia according to DSM-5].

The system of classification of psychiatric disorders has evolved during the last half-century. This article briefly reviews the modifications of the structure of the chapter "Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders" in DSM-5; then analyzes in detail the changes that were specifically made for schizophrenia. Among them, the fundamentals are: a) the elimination of the special treatment of bizarre delusions and hallucinations of Schneiderian "first rank", b) the clarification of the definition of negative symptoms, and c) the addition of the requirement that at least one of the two required characteristic symptoms should be disorganized speech, hallucinations or delusions. It also discusses the elimination of subtypes of schizophrenia and the addition of psychopathological dimensions, and the consequences of the lack of validated biomarkers that could facilitate the diagnosis.

La esquizofrenia según el DSM-5. / [Schizophrenia according to DSM-5].

The system of classification of psychiatric disorders has evolved during the last half-century. This article briefly reviews the modifications of the structure of the chapter "Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders" in DSM-5; then analyzes in detail the changes that were specifically made for schizophrenia. Among them, the fundamentals are: a) the elimination of the special treatment of bizarre delusions and hallucinations of Schneiderian "first rank", b) the clarification of the definition of negative symptoms, and c) the addition of the requirement that at least one of the two required characteristic symptoms should be disorganized speech, hallucinations or delusions. It also discusses the elimination of subtypes of schizophrenia and the addition of psychopathological dimensions, and the consequences of the lack of validated biomarkers that could facilitate the diagnosis.

[Metabolic syndrome induced by antipsychotic drugs. The problem of obesity]. / Síndrome metabólico inducido por antipsicóticos. El problema de la obesidad.

Schizophrenic patients have a life expectancy 20% shorter than general population, mainly due to cardiovascular disease. Several risk factors for cardiovascular disease are modifiable, and some, like blood glucose and lipids, and weight, can be worsened by antipsychotic drugs, mainly second generation ones. This article reviews the concept of metabolic syndrome and its relationship with schizophrenia and antipsychotic drugs. It also reviews the relationship between obesity, abdominal fat and schizophrenia, and the influence that second generation antipsychotics may have on weight. Antipsychotics are differentiated according to their liability of inducing weight gain, possible physiopathological mechanisms for weight gain are mentioned, and main pharmacological treatments to revert or prevent this situation are discussed. Some parameters for the periodic monitoring of the constitutive elements of metabolic syndrome to be used by psychiatrist in patients taking second generation antipsychotics are suggested.

[Adverse effects of psychiatric drugs on glucose and lipids metabolism]. / Efectos adversos de los psicofármacos sobre el metabolismo de la glucosa y de los lípidos.

Psychiatric drugs bring indeniable benefits for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. But their use can come along with a varying degree of side effects, some of them known for a long time, and some that are at present starting to focus attention. In this group we can find metabolic side effects, because of their possible relationship with the mortality of patients with severe psychiatric disorders. In this article, effects of psychiatric drugs on glucose and lipids metabolism are revised.

Efectos adversos de los psicofármacos sobre el metabolismo de la glucosa y de los lípidos / [Adverse effects of psychiatric drugs on glucose and lipids metabolism]

Psychiatric drugs bring indeniable benefits for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. But their use can come along with a varying degree of side effects, some of them known for a long time, and some that are at present starting to focus attention. In this group we can find metabolic side effects, because of their possible relationship with the mortality of patients with severe psychiatric disorders. In this article, effects of psychiatric drugs on glucose and lipids metabolism are revised.

Efectos adversos de los psicofármacos sobre el metabolismo de la glucosa y de los lípidos. / [Adverse effects of psychiatric drugs on glucose and lipids metabolism]

Psychiatric drugs bring indeniable benefits for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. But their use can come along with a varying degree of side effects, some of them known for a long time, and some that are at present starting to focus attention. In this group we can find metabolic side effects, because of their possible relationship with the mortality of patients with severe psychiatric disorders. In this article, effects of psychiatric drugs on glucose and lipids metabolism are revised.