[Dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls]. / Dysmenorrhoea elofordulása serdülokorban.

INTRODUCTION: Dysmenorrhea is highly prevalent during adolescence but the incidence of this disease is very often underestimated. Depending on different measurement methods 20-90% of adolescent girls report dysmenorrhea. OBJECTIVES: This study examined the prevalence of dysmenorrhea among high-school female adolescent students in Eastern-Hungary. Early diagnosis and treatment of the possible pathological background is very important to prevent long term consequences. RESULTS: 2337 girls were interviewed in this study about their menstrual cycle. The overall prevalence of dysmenorrhea in this population was 79.2%. Altogether 67.0% described their pain and cramp as severe. 61.2% of the girls use some kind of medication due to dysmenorrhea. Despite these data only 1.2% of them had previous medical counseling because of their complains. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to screen female adolescents for dysmenorrhea and provide them with information on the disease and possible treatment options. Follow up of these adolescents is mandatory especially in cases not responding to standard medical treatment.

[Management of twin births]. / Szülésvezetés ikerszülés esetén.

INTRODUCTION: The rate of multiple births has increased all over the world in the past decade. This is mainly due to the widespread use of infertility treatments and assisted reproductive techniques. Despite of improvements in obstetric and neonatal care, twin pregnancy still mean high risk both for the mothers and their babies. The management of twin delivery remains controversial. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Authors analyzed the data of all twin pregnancies at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Debrecen between January 2002 and December 2003. The data of 113 twin pregnancies were analyzed. Details of gestational age, presentation, birth weight discordance, mode of delivery were reviewed. RESULTS: From the 113 analyzed twin births, 27 pregnancies have been conceived after successful assisted reproductive technique. In 18 cases more than 500 grams of body weight difference was detected between the two babies at the time of delivery. The rate of preterm birth was 69%, and cesarean section was performed in 64% of preterm births compared to 68.6% in the matured delivery group. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of recent data a large prospective, randomized trial is mandatory to determine the optimal management of twin deliveries.

[Management of third-trimester low-risk pregnancies--European survey]. / Terhesgondozás harmadik trimeszterbeli alacsony kockázatú terhességekben--európai felmérés.

AIM: Main objective of pregnancy care is to provide health both for the mother and baby. Two main points of this care are to preselect high and low risk pregnancies and to determine the timing of delivery in case of fetal jeopardy or maternal emergency situations in the third trimester. Although we have evidence based techniques that are effective in reducing perinatal mortality in selected high-risk groups, the content of routine pregnancy care in low-risk third trimester pregnancies is not well defined yet. Management of these patients differs from center to center and from country to country and is mainly determined by obstetrical traditions of different geographical areas. PATIENTS/METHODS: Based on the data of questionnaires about recent practice of 28 European obstetrical departments in 10 countries participating in EuroGRIT trial the authors sketch out current management of third trimester low risk pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of current discrepancy in applying functional tests it is absolutely required to introduce new methods in the future only within the framework of evidence based medicine.

[The value of Doppler sonography in the detection of fetal hypoxia]. / A Doppler-ultrahangvizsgálat helye a magzati hypoxia igazolásában.

Doppler ultrasound has become a part of routine antenatal fetal surveillance during the past two decades. It provides insight into the utero-placental and fetal arterial, venous circulation non-invasively. Doppler examination has a key role in the detection of hypoxic risk since abnormal blood flow patterns can be demonstrated before the clinical manifestation of fetal disorder. Doppler velocimetry facilitates judgment in the diagnosis, monitoring fetal well-being during pregnancy and labor, scheduling antenatal tests and timing delivery. Authors review the effects of chronic and acute hypoxia on fetal hemodynamics. On the basis of the present knowledge and experience a brief summary is given about the role of Doppler velocimetry in the early detection of hypoxic fetal jeopardy during pregnancy and labor.