Assuntos
Condrocalcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Condrocalcinose/tratamento farmacológico , Colchicina/administração & dosagem , Idoso , Artralgia/diagnóstico , Artralgia/etiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Articulação do Joelho/fisiopatologia , Medição da Dor , Radiografia/métodos , Recidiva , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is a potentially life-threatening condition associated with recurrent episodes of muscle weakness and hypokalaemia due to hyperthyroidism. Diagnosis is often delayed or misdiagnosed due to its rarity in the western world and subtle features of hyperthyroidism on initial presentation. Here we present the case of a 25-year-old man who presented to the emergency department (ED) with sudden onset weakness of bilateral upper and lower extremities. His labs revealed hypokalaemia with elevated T4 and suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone and he was diagnosed with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. He was treated with potassium repletion, atenolol and methimazole with complete reversal of his paralysis within the next day. Unfortunately, he failed to keep the follow-up appointment after discharge, ran out of his methimazole and landed up in the ED again.
Assuntos
Paralisia Periódica Hipopotassêmica/etiologia , Tireotoxicose/complicações , Antagonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 1/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Antitireóideos/uso terapêutico , Atenolol/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hipopotassemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipopotassemia/etiologia , Paralisia Periódica Hipopotassêmica/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Metimazol/uso terapêutico , Potássio/uso terapêutico , Tireotoxicose/sangue , Tireotoxicose/diagnóstico , Tireotoxicose/tratamento farmacológico , Tireotropina/sangue , Tiroxina/sangueRESUMO
Kaempferol has been reported to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, but the mechanism is not completely understood. In this study, we tend to expand our understanding on how kaempferol regulates VEGF expression and angiogenesis in ovarian cancer cells. We timed VEGF secretion, and studied in-vitro angiogenesis by kaempferol treatment. Gene expression was examined by qRT-PCR, ELISA, Western Blotting, or luciferase assay, and pathways were examined by manipulating genetic components with plasmid or siRNA transfection. It was found that kaempferol time-dependently inhibited VEGF secretion, and suppressed in-vitro angiogenesis. Kaempferol down-regulated ERK phosphorelation as well as NFκB and cMyc expression, but promoted p21 expression. Examination of relationship between these genes suggested a novel ERK-NFκB-cMyc-p21-VEGF pathway, which accounts for kaempferol's angioprevention effects in ovarian cancer cells. This data supplements our comprehension of the mechanisms behind kaempferol's biological influence in ovarian cancer cells, and better characterized kaempferol toward chemoprevention.
