Validity of an Interval Taekwondo-Specific Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test.

ABSTRACT: Araujo, MP, Soares, PP, Hausen, MR, Julio, HS, Porto, F, and Gurgel, JL. Validity of an interval taekwondo-specific cardiopulmonary exercise test. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 1956-1963, 2021-The objective of this study is to propose and validate an interval taekwondo-specific cardiopulmonary exercise test (ITKDtest) and compare it with running cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and a continuous taekwondo-specific cardiopulmonary exercise test (CTKDtest). Fifteen athletes (age 22 ± 4 years; body mass 71.1 ± 10.2 kg; height 178.14 ± 8.3 cm; and body mass index 22.4 ± 2.4 kg·m-2) performed CPET, CTKDtest, and ITKDtest on a counterbalanced order. Oxygen uptake (V̇o2), heart rate (HR), and ventilatory thresholds (VTs 1 and 2) were measured during the 3 tests. ITKDtest started at 30 kicks per minute and increased 10 kicks each 2 minutes, with a period of passive recovery, lasting 1 minute. Interval protocol design simulated the temporal structure of an official taekwondo fight. Significant difference between specific tests was found for V̇o2 VT1 (p = 0.03), V̇o2 VT1 (%V̇o2peak) (p = 0.009), V̇o2 VT2 (p = 0.005), and V̇o2 VT2 (%V̇o2peak) (p = 0.013). Reliability was considered "excellent" for V̇o2peak (α = 0.902; SEM = 0.179), "good" for V̇o2 VT1 (α = 0.708; SEM = 3.823) and HRpeak (α = 0.803; SEM = 2.987), and "fair" for V̇o2 VT2 (α = 0.659; SEM = 4.498) and HR VT2 (α = 0.580; SEM = 8.868). Bland-Altman analyses reported a mean difference of 2.9 ± 6.6 ml·kg-1·min-1 (CPET-ITKDtest) and 1.4 ± 6.1 ml·kg-1·min-1 (CTKDtest-ITKDtest). ITKDtest may be used for measurement of cardiorespiratory variables commonly used in exercise prescription, whereas CTKDtest seems to be a more appropriate method to assess V̇o2 and HR at VTs.

Eliciting Higher Maximal and Submaximal Cardiorespiratory Responses During a New Taekwondo-Specific Aerobic Test.

PURPOSE: To propose and validate new taekwondo-specific cardiopulmonary exercise tests. METHODS: Twelve male national-level taekwondo athletes (age 20 [2] y, body mass 67.5 [5.7] kg, height 175 [8] cm, and training experience 7 [3] y) performed 3 separate exercise tests in a randomized counterbalanced order: (1) a treadmill running cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and (2) continuous and (3) interval taekwondo-specific cardiopulmonary exercise tests (cTKDet and iTKDet, respectively). The CPET was administered using an individualized ramp protocol. Taekwondo tests comprised sequences of turning kicks performed on a stationary target. The impacts were recorded via an electronic scoring sensor used in official competition. Stages on the cTKDet and iTKDet lasted 1 min and progressively reduced the kick interval duration. These were guided by a sound signal, starting with 4.6 s between kicks and reducing by 0.4 s every minute until the test ended. Oxygen uptake (V˙O2), heart rate (HR), capillary blood lactate, and ratings of perceived exertion were measured. RESULTS: Modest differences were identified in V˙O2max between the tests (F2,22 = 3.54; P = .046; effect size [ES] = 0.16). Maximal HR (HRmax) was higher during both taekwondo tests (F2,22 = 14.3; P = .001; ES = 1.14) compared with CPET. Specific tests also yielded higher responses in the first ventilatory threshold V˙O2 (F2,22 = 6.5; P = .04; ES = 0.27) and HR (F2,22 = 12.3; P < .001; ES = 1.06), and HR at the second ventilatory threshold (F2,22 = 5.7; P = .02; ES = 0.72). CONCLUSIONS: Taekwondo-specific cardiopulmonary tests enhance the validity of some cardiopulmonary responses and might therefore be considered to optimize routine diagnostic testing and training prescription for this athletic group.

Relação da atividade física e percentual de gordura de escolares / Relationship of the physical activity and percentage of fat of schoolars

Objetivo: identificar o Nível de Atividade Física e Percentual de Gordura Corporal de escolares. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, por amostragem composta de 640 escolares (Idade: 10±1 anos; Massa Corporal, 37,25±13,90kg; Estatura, 1,45±0,08m; IMC, 17,50±5,04kg/m²). O NAF por meio PAQ-C, %GC pelo método de dobras cutâneas e o IMC. Resultados: há diferenças significativas (p < 0,01, d = 0,37) no escore do PAQ-C entre os sexos, com superioridade nos valores masculinos; foram encontradas diferenças significativas na distribuição dos níveis de atividade física divididos pelo sexo (p < 0,0001, d = 6,7) e na distribuição do %CG pelo sexo (p < 0,0001, d=0,28). Conclusão: foram identificados índices de obesidade dentre os escolares (43% e 53,10%, populações feminina e masculina, respectivamente) ao mesmo tempo em que essa população apresenta que é ativa ou moderadamente ativa fisicamente (67,07% e 67,56%, masculino e feminino, respectivamente); contudo, não foi identificada associação entre Nível de Atividade Física e Percentual de Gordura Corporal. Estes resultados corroboram os achados gerais da literatura que demonstram que o NAF não é fator determinante para o valor Percentual de Gordura Corporal. (AU)

Promoção da saúde escolar: uma análise de indicadores de saúde do segundo ciclo da rede municipal de Niterói / School health promotion: an analysis of health indicators of the second cycle of the Niterói municipal network

Introdução: Promoção da saúde são propostas de atuação dentro de um determinado local com objetivo de empoderar e melhorar a qualidade de vida, caso necessário. Para melhor intervir, a avaliação se torna uma ferramenta importante para se descrever e reconhecer problemas desse local. Com isso, reconhecer como as atividades físicas relacionadas à saúde (AFRS) e perfil somatotípico está disposto na população é uma forma de compreender o estado de saúde dos indivíduos. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil antropométrico, nível de atividade física, aptidões físicas relacionadas a saúde e qualidade de vida dos escolares do segundo ciclo da rede municipal de Niterói. Metodologia: Assim foram avaliados 651 escolares de 38 escolas do segundo ciclo da rede municipal de Niterói, durante o mês de abril de 2016. Foram analisadas: variáveis antropométricas, correspondentes a índice de massa corpóreo (IMC), Body Shape Index (BSI) e percentual de gordura corporal (%GC); para os níveis de AFRS foram utilizados alguns testes do projeto esporte Brasil (PROESP-BR) ; para identificar nível de qualidade de vida foi utilizado o questionário KIDSCREEN-52 e nível de atividade Física através do PAQC; para reconhecer a diferença biológica e cronológica dos escolares foi utilizado o nível de maturação de Tanner como ferramenta para classificar os escolares. Todos os dados foram tabulados e após reconhecimento da normalidade o tratamento estatístico Mann-Whitney e Kruskall Wallis para comparação entre os grupos e Spearman e Pearson para comparação. Resultados: Referente ao IMC, temos para população masculina: 63,58% nível eutrófico ,30,86% apresentou taxas de sobrepeso e obesidade e 5,56% com baixa massa corporal (MC). Para a população feminina: 59,26% nível eutrófico, 35,19% de sobrepeso e obesidade e 4,63% com baixa MC. Os testes masculinos apresentaram: potência muscular de membros superiores (MMSS) 50,15% fracos e membros inferiores (MMII) 71,32% também fracos, Resistencia muscular localizada (RML) 70% apresentou valores bons, para Flexibilidade 62,65% valores bons, já o teste cardiorrespiratório teve um total de 84,74% fracos. Para as mulheres: Potência muscular MMSS e MMII foram47,98% e 76,80% fracos, RML 69,18% considerado saudável, 84,16% tiveram um desempenho bom no teste de flexibilidade, contudo 80,20% foram consideradas fracas no teste cardiorrespiratório

Introduction: Health promotion are proposals for action within a certain place with the aim of empowering and improving the quality of life, if necessary. Evaluating is an important tool for describing and recognizing problems at this location. With this, recognizing how the physical activities related to health (AFRS) and somatotype profile is disposed in the population is a way to understand the health status of individuals. Objective: To describe the anthropometric profile, level of physical activity, physical abilities related to health and quality of life of the students of the second cycle of the municipal network of Niterói. Methodology: In this way, 651 schools from 38 schools of the second cycle of the municipal network of Niterói were evaluated during the month of April 2016. The following were analyzed: anthropometric variables corresponding to the body mass index (BMI), Body Shape Index (BSI) and percentage of body fat (% GC); For the AFRS levels, some tests of the Brazilian sport project (PROESPBR) were used; To identify level of quality of life was used the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire and level of physical activity through PAQ-C; To recognize the biological and chronological difference of the schoolchildren, Tanner's level of maturation was used as a tool to classify schoolchildren. All data were tabulated and after recognition of normality the statistical treatment Mann-Whitney and Kruskall Wallis for comparison between groups and Spe-arman and Pearson for comparison. Results: Regarding the BMI, we have for male population: 63.58% eutrophic level, 30.86% presented overweight and obesity rates and 5.56% with low body mass (MC). For the female population: 59.26% eutrophic level, 35.19% overweight and obesity, and 4.63% with low MC. The male tests showed: muscular strength of upper limbs (MMSS) 50.15% weak and lower limbs (MLII) 71.32% also weak, localized muscle strength (MLR) 70% presented good values for Flexibility 62, 65% good values, and the cardiorespiratory test had a total of 84.74% weak. For women: Muscle power MMSS and MMII were 47.98% and 76.80% were weak, RML 69.18% considered healthy, 84.16% had a good performance in the flexibility test, but 80.20% wereconsidered weak in the test cardiopulmonary resuscitation