Viral infection and epidemiological characteristics of human metapneumovirus in febrile respiratory syndrome cases in nine provinces in China from 2009 to 2021 / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To clarify the infection and epidemic characteristics of the human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in Chinese patients with febrile respiratory syndrome (FRS), and to provide important baseline data for clinical diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of HMPV-induced respiratory tract diseases in China.Methods:FRS cases from January 2009 to June 2021 in 9 provinces in China, including Beijing, Hebei, Jilin, Shandong, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Anhui, Guangdong, Hunan were retrospectively analyzed for their respiratory samples, clinical and epidemic data.The respiratory samples were detected for HMPV by quantitative real-time PCR.Results:A total of 11 660 cases were tested for HMPV, involving 296 (2.54%) HMPV-positive cases.Among 296 HMPV-positive cases, 218 were single HMPV infection, and 78/296 (26.35%) were co-infected with one or more respiratory viruses.HMPV mainly affected children under 5 years of age (3.10%), and in this population, the proportion of pneumonia in HMPV co-infection cases was significantly higher than that of single HMPV infection.HMPV could be detected all year round, which was more popular in winter and spring, with the peak of HMPV epidemic in March.Conclusions:HMPV is one of the important pathogens causing acute respiratory infection in children, showing a clear seasonal epidemic.HMPV can be infected alone or in combination with other respiratory viruses, which may increase the risk of pneumonia in children.

Viral spectrum of 36 outbreaks of influenza like-illness in Shandong province / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To understand the viral spectrum of influenza-like illness (ILI), Shandong province during 2013-2014.@*Methods@#The data of 36 ILI outbreaks were collected and analyzed. Multiple respiratory pathogens were detected with RT-PCR in pharynx swab specimens.@*Results@#Totally, 35 outbreaks occurred in winter and spring, and dispersed in 12 cities; 27 outbreaks happened in primary and secondary schools. Many of the outbreaks, 17 (47.2%), were caused by influenza virus type B (FluB), followed by FluA H1 and H3, 5 (13.8%) outbreaks, respectively. Mixed infection caused 7 outbreaks. Totally 437 samples were collected, with 235 (53.8%) positive specimens, in which FluB was mostly detected, 142 (32.5%). Except Flu, parainfluenza virus type 2 (PIV2) was the most frequently detected, followed by coronavirus (CoV). The constituent ratio of FluB under 15 years of age was the highest, such as CoV in 25-59 years old group and FluA H1 in others groups.@*Conclusions@#ILI outbreaks occurred mostly in primary and secondary schools. Virus was the main pathogen, with the dominant strains of FluB. However, the dominant strain in different age groups was different.

Comparison of therapeutic effect between skin flap-extension auricular reconstruction and improved Brent au-ricular reconstruction / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To compare the rate of postoperative complications and satisfaction between skin flap -extension auricular recon-struction ( hereinafter flap-extension ) and improved Brent auricular reconstruction ( hereinafter improved Brent ) .Methods From October 2009 to October 2014, totally 199 patients who have been diagnosed as congenital microtia and received auricular reconstruction were divided into two groups.Group A (159 patients) received flap-extension and Group B (40 patients) received improved Brent.The medical records, pre-and post-surgery photos of all patients were analyzed and satisfaction of patients was collected by the telephone follow -up.Results Pa-tients in both of the two groups were satisfied with their therapies .There were 47 cases of complications in Group A (29.6%, 47/159) and 5 cases of complications in Group B (12.5%, 5/40).The postoperative complications were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion There was no difference in patients ’ satisfaction between the two methods ,but the postoperative complications of improved Brent were much lower .

Viral Etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children and adults in Shandong Province, China.

BACKGROUND: The dominant viral etiologies responsible for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are poorly understood, particularly among hospitalized patients. Improved etiological insight is needed to improve clinical management and prevention of ARIs. METHODS: Clinical and demographic information and throat swabs were collected from 607 patients from 2011 to 2013 in Shandong Province, China. Multiplex RT-PCR (SeeplexTM RV detection, Seegene) was performed to detected 12 respiratory viral pathogens. RESULTS: A total of 607 hospitalized patients were enrolled from 2011 to 2013. Viruses were identified in 35.75 % (217/607) of cases, including 78 influenza virus A and B (IVA and IVB), 47 para-influenza viruses (PIVs), 41 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and 38 adenovirus (ADV). For the children under 15 year old, the common detected viruses were influenza viruses, RSV, PIVS and ADV, while the principal respiratory viruses were human coronaviruses (HCoV), PIVs, influenza viruses for the old adults. Co-infections with multiple viruses were detected in 15.67 % of patients. Children under 5 years were more likely to have one or more detectable virus associated with their ARI. The peak of ARI caused by the respiratory viruses occurred in winter. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated respiratory viruses were the major cause of hospitalized ARI patients in Shandong Province, influenza virus was the most common detected, RSV was the highest incidence among the young children (≤5 years). These findings also gave a better understand of virus distribution among different age and seasons, which help to consider potential therapeutic approaches and develop effective prevention strategies for respiratory virus infection.

Status of acute upper respiratory infection, influenza-like illness, and influenza vaccination coverage among community residents in Jinan / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the status of acute upper respiratory infection and influenza-like illness (ILI) among community residents in Jinan in 2015, and to make a understand of the patient's medical treatment behavior and influenza vaccination coverage status in 2014.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Balloting method and convenient sampling method were used to launch a household survey. The residents who had been in Jinan for more than 3 months were selected, to investigate the residents' attack ratio of acute upper respiratory and influenza-like from Jan. 8 to Feb. 7, 2015. Totally, 1 300 persons from 410 families were involved in this survey which recovered 1 241 valid questionnaires with the efficiency of 95.5%. Based on the national age-urban demographic statistics in 2010, the attack rates of acute respiratory infections, influenza-like illness were estimated by the direct standardization method, and the influenza vaccination rates were also calculated in this study. χ(2)-test method was used to compare the different status of incidence and vaccination among residents with different features.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The attack rate of acute upper respiratory infection and influenza-like illness in Jinan from January 8, 2015 to February 7, 2015 were 30.2% (375 cases), and 6.1% (76 cases), respectively, with a standardized rate of 29.1% and 5.4%. 5.3% (66 cases) of the residents have vaccinated with the influenza vaccine inoculation, with an adjusted rate of 3.8%. The attack rate difference of acute upper respiratory tract infections was statistically significant between each age group (χ(2)=17.121, P= 0.002). The 0-4 age group had a highest attack rate (45.4%) of acute respiratory infection, while the 15-24 age group got the lowest (26.5%). 38.9% (146 cases) of patients went for a treatment in hospital. Among them, 37.7% (55 cases) of them selected the county level hospitals for treatment, 37.7% (55 cases) selected the community level hospitals, and 24.6% (36 cases) selected the individual clinic. Significant differences of influenza-like illness attack rate between each age group were also found in this study (χ(2)=76.79, P<0.001). 0-4 age group had the highest attack rate (22.7%). 81.6% (62 cases) of the ILI sought treatment in the hospital, of which 53.2% (33 cases) selected county level hospital or above, and 33.9% (21 cases) selected community hospital, and 12.9% (8 cases) selected the individual clinic.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The attack rate of acute upper respiratory infections among the residents of Jinan was high, whereas that of influenza-like illness was relatively low. 0-4 age group had a higher risk of ILI than other age groups. Most of the cases were likely to take the treatment in large hospitals. In general, the coverage rate of influenza vaccination was relatively low.</p>

Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis before and after the Wenchuan earthquake in Longnan City,China,2005-2013 / 中国人兽共患病学报

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic disease ,which is still endemic in western China .An earthquake struck south-western China on May 12th ,2008 ,which affected Longnan City of Gansu Province considerably .The objective of this survey is to determine the effect of the Wenchuan earthquake on the Kala-azar epidemic in Longnan City .In this study ,VL cases were collected from 2005 to 2013 and diagnosed on positive test for anti-rK39IgG antibodies by the Kala-azar Detect rK39 dip-stick (InBios ,USA) .The incidence rates were calculated among various counties of Longnan City with SPSS 19 .0 soft-ware .The epidemiological characteristics of the disease were analyzed before and after the Wenchuan earthquake .From 2005 to 2013 ,there were 825 VL cases in Longnan City ,with an annual incidence of 3 .36/100 000 and a significantly higher incidence in males than that in females (P＜ 0 .001) .All age groups were affected .During this period ,there was an obvious upward trend from 2005 to 2008 ,and a distinct downward tendency since 2010 .The incidences of VL between 2008 and 2010 were sig-nificantly different with that in other years (P＜0 .01) .Results revealed that VL was widespread in Longnan City ,which was likely exacerbated by the earthquake in 2008 .Earthquake created diverse natural environment and social circumstances ,w hich may contribute to the spread of the VL epidemic .Together ,our data strongly suggest that the epidemic of VL should be close-ly monitored after earthquake .

Clinical analysis of rhytidoplasty on 1 028 facial parts by injecting Sunmax / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the short and long term effects of Sunmax injection for the rhytidoplasty on different parts of the fa-cial wrinkles. Methods 1 028 face lift patients were collected from January 2007 to December 2011 who admitted to our plastic surgery de-partment,236 cases of male,792 cases of female,with an average age of 48. 7 (21~72)years old. According to different drug injection sites, all the patients were divided into 5 groups:wrinkles between eyebrows,the forehead wrinkles,nasolabial fold wrinkles, crow's feet,nose wrin-kles. The rhytidoplasty effects of 5 groups a day,1 month,3 months,6 months,9 months after injection were observed and compared. Further-more,the short and long term effects of the Sunmax injections were integrated to analyze. Results After Sunmax injection,a variety of skin wrinkles and sags disappeared;1 month after injection,wrinkles did not appear;3~6 months after injection,the effects was still as the same as the day after injection. 9 months after injection,the effects for the forehead wrinkles and crow's feet was slightly diminished. Conclusion Sunmax injection is an emerging technology to remove facial wrinkles,which has been widelymused inmour department for severalmyears and got patients' postoperative satisfaction. It is worth spreading for rhytidoplasty.

Prevention and treatment of the complications of auricle reconstruction / 中华医学美学美容杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the treatment and prevention of auricle reconstruction complications by Medpor framework and autoallergic rib cartilage framework implantation.Methods A total of 158 microtia were performed ear reconstructive operation,in which postoperative complications happened in 18 cases during January 2003 to June 2011,and studied retrospectively.Results There were three cases of dilator haematoma (incidence rate was 1.90 ％),and they were cured after treatment.There were two dilator infection cases (incidence rate was 1.27 ％).One case was cured after treatment,and another one revealed no effect after treatment and dilator implantation operation was done half a year later.There were thirteen cases of framework plantation exposure and infection after Ⅱ stage operation,in which there were seven rib cartilage framework cases (incidence rate was 5.79 ％),and they were cured after change dressings and operation; there were six Medpor framework cases (incidence rate was 16.22 ％),and the three cases were cured after change dressings and operation,and other three cases revealed no effects after change dressings and so the operation failed.ConclusionsPreoperative percise plan and fine manipulation can decrease the incidence of haematoma.The main reasons of framework exposure include the skin tension,thin skin flap or the effect of external force.On account of the high incidence of framework exposure and difficult treatemnt,it is better to use rib cartilage framework for uricle reconstruction.