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1.
BMC Prim Care ; 25(1): 177, 2024 May 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38773496

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD) is associated with a high risk of adverse cardiovascular and renal events and has a significant impact on quality of life and life expectancy. Several studies have identified areas for improvement in their management in primary care. Some professional and environmental factors can act as key barriers to appropriate care. OBJECTIVE: To analyse attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control among primary care professionals related to the implementation of an evidence-based approach for individuals with ACKD in primary care. METHODOLOGY: This was a qualitative study using an interpretative phenomenological approach based on the theory of planned behaviour. Two aspects of the evidence-based approach were explored: the implementation of clinical practice guidelines and the utilisation of electronic kidney disease records within the scope of this study. Primary care nurses and physicians participated in a previous pilot interview and five focus groups. Subsequently, a thematic analysis of the gathered data was conducted. FINDINGS: Thirty-three primary care professionals participated. The emerging themes included: experiences in the management of ACKD (highlighting a distinct profile of older, frail patients with comorbidities masking CKD and a CKD follow-up primarily focused on analytical monitoring and drug adjustment); factors in the professional environment influencing the use of scientific evidence (such as time constraints, excessive electronic health records, and unfamiliar reference guidelines); attitudes towards the application of recommendations on ACKD (recognising limitations of computer systems despite considering them as guidance); and capacities to implement evidence-based recommendations (acknowledging formative needs and challenges in coordinating care with nephrology services). CONCLUSIONS: Several psychological elements identified through the TBP hinder the adequate implementation of an evidence-based approach for individuals with CKD. Attitudes have been identified as factors modulating the use of standardised electronic records. Instead, subjective norms (influences from the professional environment) and perceived behavioral control (perception of capabilities) acted as barriers to the proper application of clinical practice guidelines and standardised records. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Strategies aimed at optimising the management of people with ACKD should focus not only on training but also on improving attitudes, organisational structures, IT systems and coordination between primary care and nephrology.


Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Grupos Focais , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Humanos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/psicologia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Adulto , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Médicos/psicologia
3.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Enferm. Nefrol ; 14(3): 167-171, jul.-sept. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-91009

RESUMO

La infección peritoneal es una inflamación de la membrana peritoneal ocasionada habitualmente por una infección bacteriana. Los efectos que genera una infección peritoneal son de vital importancia para el mantenimiento en el tratamiento de diálisis peritoneal. En algunas de estas infecciones se hace necesaria la retirada del catéter y consecuentemente el cambio a la Hemodiálisis cuya trasferencia a ella representa la quintaparte de las infecciones peritoneales. Los motivos del fallo en la técnica dialítica son diversos. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es revisar los factores que han podido influir en la incidencia de la infección peritoneal. Se resalta que el 58% son Gram positivos, lo que significa que más de la mitad de los agentes causantes son microorganismos saprófitos de la piel, el 38% son Gram negativos cuya posible causa es también la falta de higiene. El 4% es cultivo negativo. Se comparan el tiempo de exposición con la de los episodios de infección peritoneal. El personal destinado en la unidad de diálisis peritoneal en los años estudiados fueron 2 enfermeras/os de turno de 12 horas a días alternos y un enfermero de 15 horas semanales. En el 2009 la dotación se reforzó con una enfermera asistencial en turno de 7 horas mañana. Desde ese momento los programas de aprendizaje se hacen ininterrumpidamente por una misma enfermera en el turno que se pacta con el paciente. Una mejor dedicación en el entrenamiento y la realización de reentrenos, disminuye la tasa de infección peritoneal ya que se puede detectar el cansancio y aburrimiento del paciente, antes de que aparezca una infección peritoneal (AU)


Peritoneal infection is an inflammation of the peritoneal membrane usually caused by bacterial infection. The effects generated by a peritoneal infection are of vital importance for maintaining peritoneal dialysis treatment. In some of these infections, it is necessary to remove the catheter and consequently change to haemodialysis, the transfer to which represents one fifth of peritoneal infections. The causes of the failure in the dialytic technique are diverse. The aim of our study is to review the factors that may have had an influence on the incidence of peritoneal infection. It is noted that 58% are Gram-positive, which means that more than half of the causing agents are saprophyte micro-organisms of the skin, 38% are Gram-negative, the possible cause of which is lack of hygiene. 4% are negative culture. The time of exposure is compared to the episodes of peritoneal infection. The staff allocated to the peritoneal dialysis unit in the years studied were 2 nurses on 12-hour shifts on alternate days and a nurse who worked 15 hours per week. In 2009 staffing was reinforced with a care nurse working a 7-hour morning shift. Since then learning programmes have been carried out without interruption by the same nurse in the shift agreed with the patient. Better dedication to training and carryout out retraining reduces the rate of peritoneal infection as patient tiredness and boredom can be detected before a peritoneal infection appears (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Peritoneais/complicações , Doenças Peritoneais/diagnóstico , Infecções Bacterianas/complicações , Infecções Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Diálise Peritoneal/métodos , /métodos , Infecções Bacterianas/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos
5.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Enferm. Nefrol ; 13(4): 252-257, oct.-dic. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-83043

RESUMO

La valoración del grado de dependencia de los pacientes en diálisis ha sido objeto de interés como indicador clínico y organizativo. El objetivo del estudio es conocer el grado de dependencia que presentan las personas sometidas a tratamiento con diálisis en Catalunya, según los criterios de la Ley sobre Promoción de la Autonomía Personal y Atención a las personas en situación de dependencia. Se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo transversal en 42 centros de Cataluña sobre el grado de dependencia de los pacientes en hemodiálisis. La recogida de datos se hizo mediante una encuesta basada en el baremo de la Ley más datos sociodemográfico y características del tratamiento. De los pacientes que componían la población renal de Cataluña fueron considerados por los profesionales sanitarios con algún grado de dependencia 806, de ellos 425 eran hombres y 381 mujeres; un 61% tienen edades superiores a 70 años. El 53% viven en pareja y el 80,1% tenían uno o más hijos. El 77,4 % de los pacientes habían sido trabajadores no cualificados, y el 65,4% dijeron no tener estudios. Se consideraron no dependientes 137 pacientes, con dependencia moderada 350, con dependencia importante 237 y con gran dependencia 82. Fue significativa (p<0,005) la relación de la dependencia con la edad, la movilidad y en los grandes dependientes la incapacidad para tomar decisiones. No tuvo significación estadística el tiempo de permanencia en hemodiálisis. Aunque el baremo de la Ley rebaja la valoración de dependencia realizada por los profesionales, los centros de hemodiálisis están atendiendo a un 19% de pacientes dependientes (AU)


The evaluation of the degree of dependency of patients on haemodialysis is a clinical and organizational indicator. The aim of the study is to determine the degree of dependency of people undergoing haemodialysis in Catalonia, according to the criteria established by the Act for the Promotion of Personal autonomy and Attention to Persons in a Situation of Dependency. A transversal descriptive study was carried out in 42 centres in Catalonia on the degree of dependency of patients on haemodialysis. The data were collected through a survey based on the scale established by the Act plus sociodemographic data and treatment characteristics. Of the patients who made up the renal population of Catalonia (3868), 806 were considered by the healthcare professionals to have a high degree of dependency, of whom 425 were men and 381 were women; 61% were older than 70. 53% live with a partner and 80.1% had one or more children. 77.4% of the patients had been unskilled workers, and 65.4% stated that they had no educational qualifications. 137 patients were considered not dependent, 350 were considered to have moderate dependency, 237 with significant dependency and 82 with a high dependency. There was a significant (p<0.005) relationship between dependency and age, mobility and, in those with high dependency, with the inability to make decisions. The time they had been on haemodialysis was not statistically signifi cant. Although the scale established by the Act reduces the evaluation of dependency carried out by the professionals, 19% of the patients being treated by the haemodialysis centres have a clear lack of personal autonomy (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diálise Renal/enfermagem , Diálise Renal , Pacientes Domiciliares/legislação & jurisprudência , Pacientes Domiciliares/reabilitação , Autonomia Pessoal , Atenção à Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Atenção à Saúde , Idoso Fragilizado , Estudos Transversais , Coleta de Dados , Intervalos de Confiança , Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente/legislação & jurisprudência , Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente/normas
6.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Enferm. Nefrol ; 12(3): 184-188, jul.-sept. 2009. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-77290

RESUMO

En la actualidad el Principio de Autonomía pretende marcar la relación asistencial entre los profesionales sanitarios y los pacientes. Actualmente, la expresión del Principio de Autonomía del paciente en las decisiones referidas a su tratamiento se plasma en el Consentimiento Informado y el Documento de Voluntades Anticipadas. El objetivo de este trabajo, es verificar que conocimientos tiene el paciente con insuficiencia renal crónica terminal en tratamiento de diálisis en nuestro hospital, referido al Consentimiento Informado y el Documento de Voluntades Anticipadas y saber si el paciente se consideró bien informado sobre su estado de salud al inicio de su enfermedad renal y en la actualidad. Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y descriptivo en 55 pacientes de nuestro servicio. Los resultados muestran que el Consentimiento Informado no es conocido por la mayoría de los pacientes y que el Documento de Voluntades Anticipadas no forma parte de la información que recibe. La información recibida al inicio del tratamiento es satisfactoria en todos los pacientes. En la actualidad están más satisfechos los pacientes en diálisis peritoneal y también han tenido más posibilidad de elegir tratamiento. Los enfermos en hemodiálisis desean tener más autonomía en las decisiones referidas a su tratamiento (AU)


At present, the principle of autonomy seeks to provide the framework for relations between healthcare professionals and patients in the context of their care. Currently, the expression of the principle of the patient’s autonomy in decisions concerning his or her treatment is materialized in the Informed Consent and Living Will. The aim of this work is to verify what knowledge terminal chronic renal insufficiency patients undergoing dialysis in our hospital have, with regard to Informed Consent and the Living Will and to know whether patients consider themselves to be well-informed about the state of their health at the start of their kidney disease and at present. A retrospective, observational and descriptive study of 55 patients of our service. The results show that Informed Consent is unknown to the majority of the patients and that the Living Will is not part of the information they receive. The information received at the start of treatment is satisfactory in the case of all the patients. At present, patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis are more satisfied and have also had the possibility of choosing their treatment. Patients on haemodialysis would like greater autonomy in the decisions concerning their treatment (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Diretivas Antecipadas , Diálise Renal , Estudos Retrospectivos
7.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Enferm. Nefrol ; 10(1): 53-58, ene.-mar. 2007. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-76527

RESUMO

La plasmaféresis (PF) es una técnica que se aplica en el servicio de trasplante renal (TR) de nuestro Hospital desde el año 1999, como tratamiento en el TR que presenta rechazo vascular. Este rechazo puede ser de dos tipos: mediado por anticuerpos o mediado por linfocitos T. El tratamiento con PF consigue eliminar los anticuerpos en sangre del paciente, y por tanto puede ser efectiva en el caso de que el rechazo vascular sea mediado por anticuerpos. La técnica es llevada a cabo por la enfermera dela unidad de trasplante. Esta debe conocer la técnica, los parámetros, sus indicaciones y las posibles complicaciones que puedan presentarse. El objetivo principal de nuestro estudio es ver la efectividad del tratamiento con PF y los cuidados de enfermería que se le proporcionan. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional y descriptivo en una muestra de 15 pacientes. Los datos estudiados se han clasificado según el perfil del paciente, parámetros de la PF, evolución del TR, cuidados de enfermería y controles analíticos. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que el tratamiento con PF es eficaz en el rechazo vascular mediado por anticuerpos ofreciéndose además cuidados integrales al paciente trasplantado, ya que la enfermera de la unidad de TR es la responsable de efectuar la técnica (AU)


Plasmapheresis (PPH) is a technique that has been applied in the kidney transplant service (KT)of our Hospital since 1999, as a treatment in KT that presents vascular rejection. This rejection can be of two types: caused by antibodies or caused by T lymphocytes. Treatment with PPH manages to eliminate the antibodies in the patient’s blood, and can therefore be effective when the vascular rejection is caused by antibodies. The technique is carried out by the nurse of the transplant unit. The nurse must be familiar with the technique, the parameters, its indications and the possible complications that may arise. The main purpose of our study is to see the effectiveness of treatment with PPH and the nursing care provided. A retrospective, observational and descriptive study was carried out of a sample of 15 patients. The data studied were classified according to the patient profile, PPH parameters, evolution of the KT, nursing care and analytical controls. The results obtained show that treatment with PPH is efficacious in vascular rejection caused by antibodies, also offering integral care to the transplant patient, since the nurse of the KT unit is responsible for carrying out the technique (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/cirurgia , Rejeição de Enxerto/enfermagem , Plasmaferese/enfermagem , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos
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