Risk factors for infections after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore risk factors for infections after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, and improve the under standing for reducing infection.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of 2 591 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair from January 2019 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 1 265 males and 1 326 females, aged from 25 to 82 years old with an average age of (51.5±15.6) years old. They were divided into infection group(n=18) and uninfected group(n=2 573) according to whether or not patients had postoperative infection. Gender, age, smoking, diabetes, body mass index, local closure within 1 month before operation, operation time, preventive use of antibiotics, and internal fixation implantation between two groups were recorded. Univariate Logistic regression analysis screened factors associated with infections after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Theresultswere entered into the multivariate logistic regression analysis, screening the high risk factors for infections after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.@*RESULTS@#In 2 591 patients, 18 patients were infected after operation, infection rate was 0.69%. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, operation time, antibiotic prophylaxis, internal fixation implantation were risk factors for infections after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed male(OR=14.227), age≥65 years(OR=34.313), operation time≥2 h (OR=15.616), without antibiotic prophylaxis(OR=4.891), and internal fixation implantation(OR=5.103) were major risk factors for infection after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair(P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Male, age≥65 years, operation time≥2 h, without antibiotic prophylaxis and internal fixation implantation were independent risk factors for infection after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Early diagnosis and timely treatment should be carried out to reduce the incidence of infection.

Etiology composition and prognosis of pediatric chronic critical illness in a pediatric intensive care unit / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the etiology composition and outcomes of pediatric chronic critical illness (PCCI) in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).@*METHODS@#The children who were hospitalized in the PICU of Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University and met the diagnostic criteria for PCCI from January 2017 to December 2022 were included in the study. The etiology of the children was classified based on their medical records and discharge diagnoses. Relevant clinical data during hospitalization were collected and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among the 3 955 hospitalized children in the PICU from January 2017 to December 2022, 321 cases (8.12%) met the diagnostic criteria for PCCI. Among the 321 cases, the most common etiology was infection (71.3%, 229 cases), followed by unintentional injury (12.8%, 41 cases), postoperation (5.9%, 19 cases), tumors/immune system diseases (5.0%, 16 cases), and genetic and chromosomal diseases (5.0%, 16 cases). Among the 321 cases, 249 cases (77.6%) were discharged after improvement, 37 cases (11.5%) were discharged at the request of the family, and 35 cases (10.9%) died in the hospital. Among the deaths, infection accounted for 74% (26/35), unintentional injury accounted for 17% (6/35), tumors/immune system diseases accounted for 6% (2/35), and genetic and chromosomal diseases accounted for 3% (1/35). From 2017 to 2022, the proportion of PCCI in PICU diseases showed an increasing trend year by year (P<0.05). Among the 321 children with PCCI, there were 148 infants and young children (46.1%), 57 preschool children (17.8%), 54 school-aged children (16.8%), and 62 adolescents (19.3%), with the highest proportion in the infant and young children group (P<0.05). The in-hospital mortality rates of the four age groups were 14.9% (22/148), 8.8% (5/57), 5.6% (3/54), and 8.1% (5/62), respectively. The infant and young children group had the highest mortality rate, but there was no statistically significant difference among the four groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The proportion of PCCI in PICU diseases is increasing, and the main causes are infection and unintentional injury. The most common cause of death in children with PCCI is infection. The PCCI patient population is mainly infants and young children, and the in-hospital mortality rate of infant and young children with PCCI is relatively high.

Oncologic and functional outcomes of different reconstruction modalities after resection of chondrosarcoma of the scapula: a medium- to long-term follow-up study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the oncologic and functional results of scapular reconstruction after partial or total scapulectomy for chondrosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one patients with chondrosarcoma who underwent partial or total scapulectomy between January 2005 and July 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: At a mean follow-up of 62.6 months (range, 13-123 months), four patients developed local recurrence, and three developed distant metastases, one of which developed both recurrence and metastasis. The overall survival rate of patients at 5 years was 84.6%, the disease-free survival rate was 69.3%, and the complication rate was 19% (4/21). The 1993 American Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS93) scores of patients in the partial scapulectomy group, total scapulectomy + humeral suspension group and prosthetic reconstruction group were 26.50 ± 1.38, 19.00 ± 2.58, and 21.38 ± 2.62, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the partial scapulectomy group and the total scapulectomy + humeral suspension or prosthetic reconstruction group ( P = 0.006 and 0.0336, respectively). The range of motion of the shoulder joint for forward flexion was 80.83° ± 11.14°, 51.25° ± 21.36°, and 52.50° ± 11.02°, respectively. The p-values for the comparison between the partial scapulectomy group and the total scapulectomy + humeral suspension or prosthetic reconstruction group were 0.0493 and 0.0174, respectively. And the range of motion of abduction was 75.00° ± 10.49°, 32.50° ± 11.90°, 41.88° ± 11.63°, respectively. Patients in the partial scapulectomy group had significantly better postoperative shoulder abduction function than the total scapulectomy + humeral suspension or prosthetic reconstruction group (P = 0.0035 and 0.0304, respectively). There was no significant difference in MSTS93 scores and flexion and abduction function of the shoulder joint in the upper extremity after total scapulectomy with humeral suspension or prosthetic reconstruction (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of chondrosarcoma of the scapula can achieve a satisfactory prognosis and shoulder function. Total scapulectomy followed by prosthetic reconstruction or humeral suspension are both feasible treatments.

High-quality reference genomes of swallowtail butterflies provide insights into their coloration evolution.

Swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae) are a historically significant butterfly group due to their colorful wing patterns, extensive morphological diversity, and phylogenetically important position as a sister group to all other butterflies and have been widely studied regarding ecological adaption, phylogeny, genetics, and evolution. Notably, they contain a unique class of pigments, i.e., papiliochromes, which contribute to their color diversity and various biological functions such as predator avoidance and mate preference. To date, however, the genomic and genetic basis of their color diversity and papiliochrome origin in a phylogenetic and evolutionary context remain largely unknown. Here, we obtained high-quality reference genomes of 11 swallowtail butterfly species covering all tribes of Papilioninae and Parnassiinae using long-read sequencing technology. Combined with previously published butterfly genomes, we obtained robust phylogenetic relationships among tribes, overcoming the challenges of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and gene flow. Comprehensive genomic analyses indicated that the evolution of Papilionidae-specific conserved non-exonic elements (PSCNEs) and transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) of patterning and transporter/cofactor genes, together with the rapid evolution of transporters/cofactors, likely promoted the origin and evolution of papiliochromes. These findings not only provide novel insights into the genomic basis of color diversity, especially papiliochrome origin in swallowtail butterflies, but also provide important data resources for exploring the evolution, ecology, and conservation of butterflies.

Application of ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization at various sites in infants with shock / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the clinical characteristics of ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization at various sites in infants with shock, and to explore how to quickly select the site for central venous puncture in infants with shock.@*METHODS@#The medical data of 112 infants who were diagnosed with shock and underwent central venous catheterization in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, from January 2016 to December 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into an ultrasound group (n=70) and a body surface location group (n=42) according to whether the catheterization was carried out under ultrasound guidance. The application of ultrasound-guided catheterization at various sites in infants was summarized and analyzed, and the success rate of one-time puncture, overall success rate, catheterization time, and complications were compared between these sites.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the body surface location group, the ultrasound group had a significantly higher success rate of one-time puncture, a significantly shorter catheterization time, and a significantly reduced incidence rate of complications in internal jugular vein and femoral vein catheterizations (P<0.05). In the ultrasound group, the proportion of internal jugular vein catheterization was the highest (51%, 36/70), followed by femoral vein catheterization (33%, 23/70), and subclavian vein catheterization (16%, 11/70). For the comparison between different puncture sites under ultrasound guidance, internal jugular vein catheterization showed the shortest time of a successful catheterization [5.5 (5.0, 6.5) minutes] (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of complications among the different puncture sites groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In infants with shock, ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein catheterization can be used as the preferred catheterization method for clinicians.

Effect of fluid load on the prognosis of children with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To evaluate the effect of fluid load on the prognosis of children with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).@*METHODS@#A total of 121 children who underwent CRRT for sepsis-associated AKI from August 2018 to March 2021 were enrolled in the retrospective study. According to the fluid load from admission or disease progression to CRRT, they were divided into three groups: low fluid load (fluid load: <5%; n=35), high fluid load (fluid load: 5% - <10%; n=35), and fluid overload (fluid load: ≥10%; n=51). Baseline data and clinical biochemical data before CRRT were collected for comparison and analysis. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis was used for comparison of 28-day survival between groups. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the influencing factors for the prognosis of the children.@*RESULTS@#The survival analysis showed that the fluid overload group had a significantly higher 28-day mortality rate than the low fluid load and high fluid load groups (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that an increase in fluid overload volume was a risk factor for increased 28-day mortality in the fluid overload group, while earlier initiation of CRRT was a protective factor (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Fluid overload before CRRT may increase the mortality in children with sepsis-associated AKI, and CRRT should be performed for these children as early as possible.

Mid- and long-term outcomes and prognostic factors of drug-coated balloon angioplasty for treatment of femoropopliteal long lesions / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To examine the effective and safe outcomes of drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty for the treatment of femoropopliteal long lesions in mid-term and long-term follow-up. Methods: The clinical data of 114 patients with symptomatic (Rutherford 2 to 6) femoropopliteal long lesions who underwent angioplasty with DCB between June 2016 and May 2021 at Department of Vascular Surgery,Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 75 males and 39 females were enrolled, aged (71.9±8.4)years (range: 49 to 89 years). Among 138 lesions in 114 patients, there were 111 de nove lesions (80.4%, 111/138). Total occlusions were recanalized in 116 limbs (84.1%, 116/138). The lesion length was (280.9±78.7)mm (range: 150 to 520 mm). DCB angioplasty combined with debulking devices was used in 59 lesions (42.8%, 59/138).The bail-out stent implantation was performed in 27 limbs (19.6%, 27/138). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate cumulative primary patency rate, freedom from the clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR) rate and accumulate survival rate. Univariate and multivariate analyses with Cox proportional hazards models were performed to determine the significant prognostic factors for primary patency. Results: DCB angioplasty was completed in 114 patients. The technical success rate was 98.2%(112/114). The mean follow-up time was 18 months (range: 3 to 54 months).The results showed that primary patency rates at 12, 24 and 36 months postoperatively were 87.5%, 75.2% and 55.1%, respectively. Freedom from CD-TLR rate at 12, 24 and 36 months postoperatively were 92.4%, 81.8% and 68.7%, respectively. Accumulate survival rate at 12, 24 and 36 months postoperatively were 96.2%, 94.0% and 80.2%. Multivariate Cox's regression analyses showed that chronic limb-threatening ischemia(CLTI) (HR=2.629, 95%CI:1.519 to 4.547, P<0.01) and hyperlipidemia (HR=2.228, 95%CI: 1.004 to 4.948, P=0.026) were independent prognosis factors for primary patency in DCB treatment of femoropopliteal long lesions. Conclusions: DCB provided favorable outcomes for the treatment of femoropopliteal long lesions. CLTI and hyperlipidemia are independent prognosis factors for restenosis after DCB angioplasty.

Effect of sequential sedation and analgesia in preventing delirium and withdrawal symptoms in children after ventilator weaning / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the effect of sequential sedative and analgesic drugs in preventing delirium and withdrawal symptoms in children after ventilator weaning.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on 61 children who were admitted and received mechanical ventilation support for ≥5 days in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University from December 2019 to September 2021. The children were divided into a control group (30 children with no maintenance of analgesic and sedative drugs after ventilator weaning) and an observation group (31 children with sequential sedative and analgesic drugs maintained for 48 hours after ventilator weaning). The two groups were compared in terms of the Sophia Observation Withdrawal Symptoms Scale (SOS) score, the Pediatric Delirium Scale (PD) score, the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) score, and the incidence rates of delirium or withdrawal symptoms at 24 and 72 hours after ventilator weaning.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of delirium at 24 hours and 72 hours after ventilator weaning between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly lower incidence rate of withdrawal symptoms and scores of SOS, PD, and RASS scales at 24 hours and 72 hours after ventilator weaning (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Sequential sedation and analgesia after ventilator weaning can reduce the incidence of withdrawal symptoms within 72 hours after ventilator weaning, but it cannot reduce the incidence rate of delirium.

[Value of Thermal Tomography in Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Animal Models].

Objective To obtain ultrasound and thermal tomography images of breast cancer during its growth and to assess the value of thermal tomography in detecting breast cancer. Methods Breast cancer models were established with NOD/SCID mice and SD rats. These animal models were examined by thermal tomography,plain ultrasound,and contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Tumor tissues were stained with CD34 to explore the relationship between tumor heat production and vascular pathology. Results Thermal tomography detected breast cancer 2-4 days earlier than ultrasound. The expression of CD34 in tumor tissues was increased,along with thickened,increased,and irregular blood vessels. Conclusion Thermal tomography can detect early breast cancer and is a promising tool for screening breast cancer.

Value of Thermal Tomography in Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Animal Models / 中国医学科学院学报

To obtain ultrasound and thermal tomography images of breast cancer during its growth and to assess the value of thermal tomography in detecting breast cancer. Breast cancer models were established with NOD/SCID mice and SD rats. These animal models were examined by thermal tomography,plain ultrasound,and contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Tumor tissues were stained with CD34 to explore the relationship between tumor heat production and vascular pathology. Thermal tomography detected breast cancer 2-4 days earlier than ultrasound. The expression of CD34 in tumor tissues was increased,along with thickened,increased,and irregular blood vessels. Thermal tomography can detect early breast cancer and is a promising tool for screening breast cancer.

[Comparison of Elasticity Imaging and Virtual Touch TM Tissue Imaging and Quantification in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules].

Objective To compare the values of elasticity imaging(EI)and Virtual Touch TM tissue imaging and quantification(VTIQ)in diagnosing thyroid nodules and explore the factors influencing the accuracy of these two techniques.Methods Totally 62 patients who were planned to receive surgery for thyroid nodules underwent conventional ultrasound,EI,and VTIQ examinations.EI patterns were scored according to the degree and distribution of strain,the strain of nodule and surrounding normal reference tissue were measured,and then strain index was calculated.Shear wave velocity in nodules were obtained under VTIQ mode.Results The nodules were malignant in 40 patients and benign in 22 patients.When the strain score of 3 was regarded as malignant,the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of EI in detecting thyroid nodules were 90.00%,31.82%,and 69.32%,respectively.Receiver operating characteristic curve results showed that the area under curves of EI-SI and VTIQ methods for diagnosing thyroid nodules was 77.8%(95%CI:0.64-0.91)(P=0.000)and 74.3%(95%CI:0.62-0.87)(P=0.002),respectively.Thyroid nodules' characteristics location(P=0.04)and size(P=0.02)were correlated with the diagnostic accuracy of EI.The accuracy of SI and VTIQ were not affected by thyroid nodules' characteristics(P>0.05).Conclusions The diagnostic accuracy of EI for thyroid nodules is related to nodules' characteristics.EI combined with semi-quantitative SI and quantitative VTIQ can effectively improve the diagnostic capability for thyroid nodules.

Comparison of Elasticity Imaging and Virtual Touch Tissue Imaging and Quantification in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To compare the values of elasticity imaging(EI)and Virtual Touch tissue imaging and quantification(VTIQ)in diagnosing thyroid nodules and explore the factors influencing the accuracy of these two techniques.Methods Totally 62 patients who were planned to receive surgery for thyroid nodules underwent conventional ultrasound,EI,and VTIQ examinations.EI patterns were scored according to the degree and distribution of strain,the strain of nodule and surrounding normal reference tissue were measured,and then strain index was calculated.Shear wave velocity in nodules were obtained under VTIQ mode.Results The nodules were malignant in 40 patients and benign in 22 patients.When the strain score of 3 was regarded as malignant,the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of EI in detecting thyroid nodules were 90.00%,31.82%,and 69.32%,respectively.Receiver operating characteristic curve results showed that the area under curves of EI-SI and VTIQ methods for diagnosing thyroid nodules was 77.8%(95%:0.64-0.91)(=0.000)and 74.3%(95%:0.62-0.87)(=0.002),respectively.Thyroid nodules' characteristics location(=0.04)and size(=0.02)were correlated with the diagnostic accuracy of EI.The accuracy of SI and VTIQ were not affected by thyroid nodules' characteristics(>0.05).Conclusions The diagnostic accuracy of EI for thyroid nodules is related to nodules' characteristics.EI combined with semi-quantitative SI and quantitative VTIQ can effectively improve the diagnostic capability for thyroid nodules.

The effect of oxytocin on fear responses: bidirectional regulation or methodological issues? / 生理学报

One of the core symptoms in anxiety disorders is dysregulated fear response. It is crucial for psychologists and neuroscientists to understand how fear responses are enhanced and inhibited. Although oxytocin (OXT) was initially conceived as a prosocial molecule and mammalian neuropeptide that enhances cooperation and trust, later studies showed that it produces modulatory influence on fear responses. Therefore, OXT is now regarded as a promising pharmacological agent to boost treatment response in anxiety disorders. However, the effect of OXT on fear responses have been somewhat complex, and there are some contradictions among animal experiments and human studies. In this article, we summarize recent studies that employed animal models, brain region-specific manipulations and preclinical studies to explore the role of OXT in the acquisition and processing of fear response. We also discuss the methodological differences among these studies and review the potential factors that may contribute to the complicated effect of OXT on fear response. This review will help to promote the potential clinical application of OXT.

Zhenwu Decoction delays ventricular hypertrophy in rats with uremic cardiomyopathy / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the inhibitory effect of Zhenwu Decoction on ventricular hypertrophy in rats with uremic cardiomyopathy and explore the mechanism.@*METHODS@#Cardiocytes isolated from suckling rats were divided into control group and indoxyl sulfate (IS) group, and the protein synthesis was assayed with [H]- leucine incorporation and cellular protein expressions were detected using Western blotting. Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, and low- and high-dose Zhenwu Decoction treatment groups, and except for those in the sham operation group, all the rats underwent 5/6 nephrectomy. Four weeks after the operation, the rats in low- and high-dose treatment groups were given Zhenwu Decoction gavage at the dose of 4.5 g/kg and 13.5 g/kg, respectively; the rats in the sham-operated and model groups were given an equal volume of distilled water. After 4 weeks of treatment, serum levels of IS were determined, and cardiac and ventricular mass indexes were measured in the rats; cardiac ultrasound was performed and Western blotting was used to measure the expressions of BNP, p-ERK1/2, p-p38 and p-JNK in the myocardium.@*RESULTS@#Rat cardiomyocytes treated with IS showed significantly enhanced protein synthesis and increased expression levels of BNP, p-erk1/2, and p-p38 as compared with the control cells ( < 0.01), but the expression of p-jnk was comparable between the two groups. In the animal experiment, the rats in the model group showed significantly increased serum creatinine (SCr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, 24-h urine protein (24 hUpro), plasma IS level, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and whole heart mass index (HMI) compared with those in the sham group ( < 0.01); Both LVESD and LVEDD were significantly reduced and LVAWS, LVAWD, LVPWS and LVPWD were significantly increased in the model rat, which also presented with obvious cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increased myocardial expressions of BNP, p-ERK1/2, p-p38 and p-jnk ( < 0.01). Compared with the rats in the model group, the rats treated with low-dose and high-dose Zhenwu Decoction had significantly lowered levels of SCr, BUN, 24 hUpro and IS ( < 0.05) and decreased LVMI and HMI; LVESD, LVEDD, LVPWS, LVAWS, and LVAWD were improved more obviously in the high-dose group, and the myocardial expressions of BNP, p-ERK1/2, p-p38 and p-JNK was significantly downregulated after the treatment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Zhenwu Decoctin can reduce plasma IS levels and inhibit ventricular hypertrophy to delay ventricular remodeling in rats with uremic cardiomyopathy.

[Molecular Mechanisms of Breast Nodule Stiffness].

The texture of breast nodules has always the focus of clinical palpation,and the stiffness of breast nodules has been a hot research topic of ultrasound elastography. Both texture and stiffness are based on the principle that malignant tissue is stiffer than benign tissues,but the underlying mechanisms of breast nodule stiffness is not yet confirmed. Breast nodule stiffness is affected by both substance and mesenchyme,and the latter is an important factor. Collagen,as the major composition of the extra cell matrix,plays an important role in breast nodule stiffness. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of intracellular and extracellular changes in the formation of breast nodules.

MicroRNA-375 Suppresses the Tumor Aggressive Phenotypes of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas through Regulating YWHAZ / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators during tumor initiation and progression. MicroRNA-375 (MiR-375) has been proven to play a tumor-suppressive role in various types of human malignancies; however, its biological role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the biologic role as well as the underlying mechanism of miR-375 in ccRCC progression.@*Methods@#Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was applied to test the expression of miR-375 in tissues and cell lines by t-test. Functional experiments were used to investigate the biological role of miR-375 utilizing a gain-of-function strategy. The target of miR-375 was investigated by bioinformatic analysis and further verified by luciferase reporter assay, qPCR, Western blotting, and functional experiments in vitro.@*Results@#Our study demonstrated that miR-375 was significantly downregulated in ccRCC tissues (cancer vs. normal, 0.804 ± 0.079 vs. 1.784 ± 0.200, t = 5.531 P < 0.0001) and cell lines, and loss of miR-375 expression significantly associated with advanced Fuhrman nuclear grades (Grade III and IV vs. Grade I and II, 1.000 ± 0.099 vs. 1.731 ± 0.189, t = 3.262 P = 0.003). Functional studies demonstrated that miR-375 suppressed ccRCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion (all P < 0.05 in both 786-O and A498 cell lines). Multiple miRNA target prediction algorithms indicated the well-studied oncogene YWHAZ as a direct target of miR-375, which was further confirmed by the luciferase reporter assay, qPCR, and Western blotting. Moreover, restoration of YWHAZ could rescue the antiproliferation effect of miR-375.@*Conclusions@#The data provide the solid evidence that miR-375 plays a tumor-suppressive role in ccRCC progression, partially through regulating YWHAZ. This study expands the antitumor profile of miR-375, and supports its role as a potential therapeutic target in ccRCC treatment.

High mobility group box 1 promotes apoptosis of astrocytes after oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of high mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) on apoptosis of astrocytes after oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R), and to investigate the possible mechanism by evaluating the expression of apoptosis related protein Bcl-2 and Bax.@*METHODS@#The cerebral cortex astrocytes of neonatal rats were divided into normal group, model group, interference group and control group. Lentivirus vector of rat HMGB1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to suppress the HMGB1 protein expression in the astrocytes. Then the detection was made after astrocytes were deprived of oxygen and glucose 6 h, reoxygenation for 24 h. The effect of RNA interference was evaluated by Western blotting. The cell survival rate was measured by MTT assay. The apoptosis of astrocytes was determined by TUNEL assay. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the normal group, the protein expression of HMGB1 was significantly increased in model group after OGD/R (P<0.001), the astrocytes survival rate was decreased (P<0.001), the number of apoptotic cells labeled with TUNEL was increased (P<0.001), and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was decreased (P<0.001). Compared with the model group, RNA interference effectively inhibited the expression of HMGB1 in interference group (P<0.001), the astrocytes survival rate was increased (P<0.001), the number of apoptotic cells labeled with TUNEL was reduced (P<0.01), and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was increased (P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#The apoptosis of astrocytes can be induced by HMGB1 after OGD/R, and the mechanism may be related to regulating the expression of apoptosis related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax.

Research Progress on the Relationship between Coronary Artery Calcification and Chronic Renal Failure / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Objective</b>Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is thought to be a controlled metabolic process that is very similar to the formation of new bone. In patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), CAC is very common, and CAC severity correlates with the deterioration of renal function. We summarized the current understanding and emerging findings of the relationship between CAC and CRF.</p><p><b>Data Sources</b>All studies were identified by systematically searching PubMed, Embase, and CNKI databases for the terms "coronary calcification", "chronic renal failure", "vascular smooth muscle cell", and their synonyms until September 2017.</p><p><b>Study Selection</b>We examined the titles and abstracts of all studies that met our search strategy thoroughly. The full text of relevant studies was evaluated. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also scrutinized for the additional relevant studies.</p><p><b>Results</b>CRF can accelerate CAC progression. CRF increases the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, electrolyte imbalance (e.g., of calcium, phosphorus), parathyroid hormone, and uremic toxins and their ability to promote calcification. These factors, through the relevant signaling pathways, trigger vascular smooth muscle cells to transform into osteoblast-like cells while inhibiting the reduction of vascular calcification factors, thus inducing further CAC.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>Coronary heart disease in patients with CRF is due to multiple factors. Understanding the mechanism of CAC can help interventionists to protect the myocardium and reduce the prevalence of coronary heart disease and mortality.</p>

An Analysis of Movement Function of SD Rats'Spinal Cord Injury After Joint Therapy Using NT- 3- HUMSCs and SOCS3 Gene Silencing / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To achieve the purpose of promoting movement function of the injury nerve by using the joint therapy of NT- 3- HUMSCs and SOCS3 gene silencing on SD rats'spinal cord injury. Methods (1) We used adherence method in vitro human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal cells (HUMSC) during separation, purification and identification. (2) Then constructed NT-3 gene eukaryotic expression vector, which was transfected into its HUMSC, and constructed NT-3- HUMSC cell survival in vitro assay conditions and NT-3 expression. (3) We selected specific targets for SOCS3 screening and for sequence homology analysis. A negative control group was established. siRNA was designed and synthesized in vitro detection. (4) SD rats with spinal cord injury model were divided into two categories: (1) sham group with 10 rats; (2) T12 whole spinal cord injury model with 40 rats. The 40 rats were randomly divided into four groups with 10 rats in each group (saline treatment group,siRNA +NT-3-HUMSCs treatment group,NT-3-HUMSCs treatment group and siRNA treated group) . Motor function of the rats were evaluated respectively in 1, 2 and 3 months after the modeling was established successfully.Results(1) siRNA + NT-3-HUMSCs treatment group's BBB scores was significantly higher than NT-3-HUMSCs, SOCS3-siRNA and physiological saline groups ( P＜0.05) . (2) The grid climbing experiments showed that the neural functional recovery performed better in siRNA+the NT- 3- HUMSCs treatment group compared to the NT - 3 - HUMSCs, SOCS3 - siRNA and physiological saline groups (P＜0.05) . Conclusion The NT- 3- HUMSCs joint SOCS3 gene silencing in the treatment of SD rat spinal cord injury can improve the motor function of SD rat spinal cord injury.

Molecular Mechanisms of Breast Nodule Stiffness / 中国医学科学院学报

The texture of breast nodules has always the focus of clinical palpation,and the stiffness of breast nodules has been a hot research topic of ultrasound elastography. Both texture and stiffness are based on the principle that malignant tissue is stiffer than benign tissues,but the underlying mechanisms of breast nodule stiffness is not yet confirmed. Breast nodule stiffness is affected by both substance and mesenchyme,and the latter is an important factor. Collagen,as the major composition of the extra cell matrix,plays an important role in breast nodule stiffness. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of intracellular and extracellular changes in the formation of breast nodules.