Genetic characteristics of the first human infection with the G4 genotype eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus in Shaanxi Province,China / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the genetic characteristics of the first human infection with the G4 genotype of Eurasian avian H1N1 swine influenza virus (EA H1N1 SIV) in Shaanxi Province. Methods: The patient's throat swab samples were collected, and MDCK cells were inoculated for virus isolation to obtain the virus strain. The whole genome deep sequencing method was used to obtain the eight gene segments of the isolated strain. The nucleotide homology analysis was conducted through the Blast program in the GenBank database, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze the genetic characteristics of the virus. Results: The throat swab specimens of the case were confirmed as EA H1N1 SIV in the laboratory, and the isolated strain was named A/Shaanxi-Weicheng/1351/2022(H1N1v). Homology analysis found that the PB2, NP, HA, NA, and M genes of this isolate had the highest nucleotide homology with A/swing/Beijing/0301/2018 (H1N1), about 98.29%, 98.73%, 97.41%, 97.52%, and 99.08%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree showed that the isolate belonged to G4 genotype EA H1N1 SIV, with PB2, PB1, PA, NP and M genes from pdm/09 H1N1, HA and NA genes from EA H1N1, and NS gene from Triple-reassortant H1N1. The cleavage site of the HA protein was IPSIQSR↓G, which was the molecular characteristic of the low pathogenic influenza virus. No amino acid mutations associated with neuraminidase inhibitors were found in the NA protein. PB2 protein 701N mutation, PA protein P224S mutation, NP protein Q357K mutation, M protein P41A mutation, and NS protein 92D all indicated its enhanced adaptability to mammals. Conclusion: The patient is the first human infection with G4 genotype EA H1N1 SIV in Shaanxi province. The virus is low pathogenic, but its adaptability to mammals is enhanced. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of such SIVs.

Genetic characteristics of the first human infection with the G4 genotype eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus in Shaanxi Province,China / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the genetic characteristics of the first human infection with the G4 genotype of Eurasian avian H1N1 swine influenza virus (EA H1N1 SIV) in Shaanxi Province. Methods: The patient's throat swab samples were collected, and MDCK cells were inoculated for virus isolation to obtain the virus strain. The whole genome deep sequencing method was used to obtain the eight gene segments of the isolated strain. The nucleotide homology analysis was conducted through the Blast program in the GenBank database, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze the genetic characteristics of the virus. Results: The throat swab specimens of the case were confirmed as EA H1N1 SIV in the laboratory, and the isolated strain was named A/Shaanxi-Weicheng/1351/2022(H1N1v). Homology analysis found that the PB2, NP, HA, NA, and M genes of this isolate had the highest nucleotide homology with A/swing/Beijing/0301/2018 (H1N1), about 98.29%, 98.73%, 97.41%, 97.52%, and 99.08%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree showed that the isolate belonged to G4 genotype EA H1N1 SIV, with PB2, PB1, PA, NP and M genes from pdm/09 H1N1, HA and NA genes from EA H1N1, and NS gene from Triple-reassortant H1N1. The cleavage site of the HA protein was IPSIQSR↓G, which was the molecular characteristic of the low pathogenic influenza virus. No amino acid mutations associated with neuraminidase inhibitors were found in the NA protein. PB2 protein 701N mutation, PA protein P224S mutation, NP protein Q357K mutation, M protein P41A mutation, and NS protein 92D all indicated its enhanced adaptability to mammals. Conclusion: The patient is the first human infection with G4 genotype EA H1N1 SIV in Shaanxi province. The virus is low pathogenic, but its adaptability to mammals is enhanced. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of such SIVs.

Choice of the treating methods of neovascular age-related macular degeneration / 中华实验眼科杂志

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main cause of vision loss in AMD patient.Now,the application of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) has become the preferred therapy for the treatment of neovascular AMD,and it has been proved to improve the visual acuity and reduce the blindness rate.But the formation of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in AMD is a comprehensive and integrated pathological process.It is difficult to cure the CNV with only anti-VEGF drug for all the neovascular AMD patients.Therefore,the targeting drugs toward other signal pathway associated with CNV are being in different phases of clinical trials.Resent years,with the development of science and technology,small interference RNA(siRNA) and genome technology has been applied to treat neovascular AMD and show a potential prospect,and gene therapy and stem cell therapy are the most remarkable and predominant ways for AMD.Doubtlessly,these therapies offer novel choice for the management of neovascular AMD.

Effects of high dose methylprednisolone on cell apoptosis and Bcl-2 expression after acute spinal cord injuries in rats / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of high dose methylprednisolone (MP) on cell apoptosis and Bcl-2 expression after acute spinal cord injury (ASCI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 48 female rats were randomly divided into two groups:control group and experimental group. The spinal cord of rats were wounded at the level of T9,10 in moderate degree for each group. Thirty minutes after ASCI, the subjects in experimental group received MP injection through intraperitoneal with dosage of 30 mg/kg. Then a dosage of 5.4 mg/kg of MP was given through intraperitoneal injection every hour in 24 hours. The subjects in the control group received Normal Saline instead of MP with the same method. The impaired spinal cords were harvested on 4 h, 8 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d and 14 d after injury,and at each time point 4 rats were sacrificed in each group. The terminal deoxynucleotidal transferase-mediated DUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemical measurement were used to observe neural apoptosis and Bcl-2 expression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Apoptosis cells were noted primarily at 4 h after injury, with a maximum presence in lesion center at 8 h. The apoptotic index of MP-treated group had distinctly less than that of control group in 8 h, 1 d and 3 d after trauma. The Bcl-2 increased in the experimental group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The administration of the high dose methylprednisolone (MP) can inhibite the apoptosis after acute spinal cord injury in rats and increase the expression of Bcl-2.</p>

Clinical characteristics of metastatic bacterial endophthalmitis in 22 cases / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

· AIM: To study the clinical characteristics of metastatic bacterial endophthalmitis.endophthalmitis were retrospectively studied.manifestation was found in 17 cases (77%), iridal purulent nodules in 2 cases and retinal purulent embolism In 3 cases. The total number of leucocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes was elevated markedly, while lymphocyte count was reduced significantly in early stage. Positive rate of bacterial cultivation was 36%.dophthalmitis often have apparent extraocular infected situation before eye Is involved. Ocular appearance and laboratory examination have some specificity in early stage, while bacterial cultivation, as a golden standard,needs to be further improved.