RESUMO
OBJECTIVE:: To know the usefulness of the oblique coronal view of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in the evaluation of the graft normal anatomy and the diagnostic accuracy of combining the PCL view with orthogonal views for the evaluation of PCL graft failure or impingement after reconstruction procedures. METHODS:: This retrospective study included 54 patients who underwent PCL-view MRI after PCL reconstruction surgery. Anatomic identification of graft failure and impingement was scored by two radiologists. The ability to diagnose PCL graft failure with the PCL view, orthogonal view or combined PCL/orthogonal views was evaluated by calculating the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. RESULTS:: The entire width discrimination scores and margin sharpness scores for the PCL view were significantly higher than those for the orthogonal view for both readers. The specificities and accuracies for the PCL view and the combined PCL/orthogonal views were higher than those for the orthogonal view alone, but these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION:: The PCL view provided a better anatomic evaluation than the orthogonal view with regard to the entire width evaluation and margin sharpness evaluation of the PCL graft. The combined view of orthogonal and PCL views was slightly more sensitive and accurate, but not significantly so, in the diagnoses of graft failure and impingement. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE:: The PCL view provided a better anatomic evaluation than the orthogonal view with regard to the entire width evaluation and margin sharpness evaluation of the PCL graft. The PCL view was slightly more sensitive and accurate, but not significantly so, in the diagnoses of graft failure and impingement.
RESUMO
Although AKT / protein kinase B is constitutively active in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and is an attractive target for enhancing the cytotoxicity of therapeutic agents, the distinct roles of the AKT isoforms in NSCLC are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the roles of AKT1 and AKT2 in NSCLC cells using RNAi. The siRNA targeting of AKT1 or AKT2 effectively decreased protein levels of AKT1 and AKT2, respectively, in A549 and H460 cells. Cisplatin treatment of these cells increased apoptotic cell death compared with control. The siRNA-induced knockdown of AKT1 in H460 cells significantly decreased basal MEK/ ERK1 / 2 activity, resulting in nuclear factor-κB activation, whereas knockdown of AKT2 resulted in anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein MCL-1 (MCL-1) cleavage, the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, and activation of the caspase cascade. Consequently, both siRNA treatments enhanced the chemosensitivity of H460 cells to cisplatin. However, neither AKT1 nor AKT2 siRNA treatment had any effect of p27 expression, and although both treatments tended to induced G2 /M phase arrest, the effect was not statistically significant. Treatment with AKT1 siRNA markedly decreased colony formation growth and migration, but AKT2 siRNA had no significant effects on these parameters. These data suggest that AKT1 and AKT2 both contribute to cell survival, albeit via different mechanisms, and that the effects on cell growth and migration are predominantly regulated by AKT1. These findings may aid in refining targeted strategies for the inhibition of AKT isoforms towards the sensitization of NSCLC cells to therapeutic agents.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Caspases/biossíntese , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Sobrevivência Celular , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Citocromos c/biossíntese , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/genética , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Proteína de Sequência 1 de Leucemia de Células Mieloides , NF-kappa B/biossíntese , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/biossíntese , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Interferência de RNA , RNA Interferente Pequeno , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Measles is a highly infectious, acute viral illness characterized by high fever and generalized skin rash of which pathogenesis is uncertain. E-selectin, a ligand of the cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA)+ T lymphocytes is highly expressed on vascular endothelium in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, but in the past there has been a lack of statistical data on its impact on patients with measles. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the serum soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) levels are elevated in children with measles. METHODS: Twenty-five children with measles, 33 children with atopic dermatitis, 20 with atopic asthma and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum sE-selectin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Serum levels of sE-selectin were found to be significantly higher in children with measles than in children with atopic dermatitis, atopic asthma and healthy controls. But it was not significantly correlated with the duration of rash or with the presence of a complication in children with measles. Serum TNF-alpha levels were higher in children with measles than in children with atopic dermatitis. There was no correlation between sE-selectin and TNF-alpha levels. CONCLUSIONS: sE-selectin levels are elevated in children with measles, which may imply that CLA+ T lymphocytes are associated with the development of measles rash.
