RESUMO
Imperforate hymen (IH) is an uncommon congenital anomaly of the female genital tract, with the hymen completely obstructing the vaginal opening. Despite the simple diagnosis and treatment of IH, missed or delayed diagnosis is often a clinical problem owing to its low incidence, nonspecific symptoms, or insufficient physical examination. The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics, clinical presentations, treatment modalities, and outcomes of imperforate hymen patients. In this study, a literature search of PubMed, Scopus and Medline databases was performed for sources published up to 3 July 2018 for English-language studies with the term "imperforate hymen". The literature review identified 251 citations and 155 articles (143 case reports, 12 case series) containing 253 patients who were finally included (two papers were not written in English). Among 236 postnatal patients, the mean age of the patients was 10.7 ± 4.7 years. Abdominal pain (54.2%), urinary retention (20.3%), abnormal menstruation (14.0%), dysuria (9.7%), increased urinary frequency (5.1%), severe presentation of renal failure (n = 5, 2.1%), and urinary tract infection (n = 1, 0.4%) were presented. Most patients diagnosed with the condition underwent surgical treatment (83.5%), most of whom were treated via a hymenotomy (35.2%) and hymenectomy (36.4%), and the use of prophylactic antibiotics were only used in 7 patients. There were no differences in outcomes between two surgical methods. In addition, 141 (59.7%) patients showed improvement and 5 deceased patients were not related to IH or the operation itself; Complications, such as vaginal adhesion, were only noted in 6.6% of patients. In addition, among 17 cases of newborns with a diagnosis of IH before birth, hymenectomy (n = 5, 29.4%) and hymenotomy (n = 9, 52.9%) were the main treatment modalities and showed improved prognosis in 52.9% of newborns. Because IH diagnosis is easy and postsurgical prognosis is good, clinicians should carefully examine every female patient at birth. IH should be considered regarding adolescent girls with abdominal pain, lower back pain, or urinary retention, and perform appropriate physical examinations of the genital introitus. In addition, accurate diagnosis as IH, not misdiagnosing as vaginal septum or agenesis, is important to prevent severe complications such as stricture and ascending infection.
RESUMO
Asymmetrically functionalized, four-armed, Tween 20 derivatives that formed stable monomolecular films on solid substrates were designed and synthesized. Thiol-modified Tween 20 was used for forming self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold, and maleimide-modified Tween 20 was introduced onto SiO(2) surfaces with SAMs of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane through Michael addition. These structurally modified Tween 20 compounds gave the original characteristics of Tween 20, non-biofouling (from ethylene glycol groups) and functionalizable (from OH groups) properties, to each substrate. The non-biofouling properties of the Tween 20-coated gold and SiO(2) surfaces were investigated by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and ellipsometry, and these surfaces showed strong resistance against nonspecific adsorption of proteins. In addition, the biospecific binding of streptavidin was achieved after coupling of (+)-biotinyl-3,6,9-trioxaundecanediamine onto the non-biofouling surfaces through amide-bond formation.
Assuntos
Polissorbatos/química , Biotina/síntese química , Biotina/química , Ouro/química , Imobilização , Polissorbatos/síntese química , Silanos/síntese química , Silanos/química , Estreptavidina/química , Ressonância de Plasmônio de SuperfícieRESUMO
We report in-plane enyne metathesis and subsequent Diels-Alder reactions on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) terminating in vinyl and acetylenyl groups on gold. After the formation of SAMs of vinyl and acetylenyl group-containing dithiols on gold, in-plane enyne metathesis of the vinyl and acetylenyl groups, leading to the formation of 1,3-diene, was achieved on the SAMs, and Diels-Alder reactions were then successfully performed with tetracyanoethylene, maleic anhydride, and maleimide. The reactions were confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry. In-plane enyne metathesis developed herein would offer a versatile platform for the functionalization of surfaces with mild reaction conditions and a high compatibility in functional groups.
RESUMO
In order to develop therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases, we designed novel antioxidants containing N-t-butyl-N-hydroxylaminophenyl moieties and evaluated in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective properties as well as anti-ischemic effects.