Unilateral Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistula Causing Bilateral Ocular Manifestation.

Unilateral carotid cavernous fistula presents with ipsilateral ocular findings. Bilateral presentation is only seen in bilateral fistulas, usually associated with indirect (dural) carotid cavernous fistulas. Direct carotid cavernous fistulas are an abnormal communication between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. They typically begin with a traumatic disruption in the artery wall into the cavernous sinus, presenting with a classic triad of unilateral pulsatile exophthalmos, cranial bruit and episcleral venous engorgement. We report the case of a 38-year-old male with traumatic right carotid cavernous sinus fistula and bilateral ocular presentation successfully treated by interventional neuroradiology.

Nova abordagem das vertigens: correlação clínica / New boarding of the vertigo: clinical correlation

Este artigo consiste em uma revisão ampla sobre vertigem e seu diagnóstico diferencial.

This article consists on a comprehensive revision about vertigo and its differential diagnosis.