Serine Metabolic Reprogramming in Tumorigenesis, Tumor Immunity, and Clinical Treatment.

Serine has been recently identified as an essential metabolite for oncogenesis, progression, and adaptive immunity. Influenced by many physiologic or tumor environmental factors, the metabolic pathways of serine synthesis, uptake, and usage are heterogeneously reprogrammed and frequently amplified in tumor or tumor-associated cells. The hyperactivation of serine metabolism promotes abnormal cellular nucleotide/protein/lipid synthesis, mitochondrial function, and epigenetic modifications, which drive malignant transformation, unlimited proliferation, metastasis, immunosuppression, and drug resistance of tumor cells. Dietary restriction of serine or phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase depletion mitigates tumor growth and extends the survival of tumor patients. Correspondingly, these findings triggered a boom in the development of novel therapeutic agents targeting serine metabolism. In this study, recent discoveries in the underlying mechanism and cellular function of serine metabolic reprogramming are summarized. The vital role of serine metabolism in oncogenesis, tumor stemness, tumor immunity, and therapeutic resistance is outlined. Finally, some potential tumor therapeutic concepts, strategies, and limitations of targeting the serine metabolic pathway are described in detail. Taken together, this review underscores the importance of serine metabolic reprogramming in tumorigenesis and progression and highlights new opportunities for dietary restriction or selective pharmacologic intervention.

Comparative study on effect of R-CHOP regimen and CHOP regimen for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with early-stage primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To compare the effect and safety of rituximab plus CHOP (R-CHOP) and CHOP regimens for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with early-stage primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PG-DLBCL). Methods A total of 65 patients with PG-DLBCL were retrospectively divided into two groups: 35 patients were treated with R-CHOP regimen, the others with CHOP regimen. NHL international efficacy assessment and WHO criteria were used to assess the therapeutic and the adverse reactions respectively. Results The complete remission (CR) rate of R-CHOP group was 74.3 % (26/35), which was significantly higher than that of CHOP group [50.0 % (15/30), P0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the five-year survival rates of two groups had no significant difference (88.6%vs 75.0%, P>0.05). The PFS of R-CHOP group was better than that of CHOP group (94.4 months vs 74.9 months, P< 0.05). Conclusion Compared with CHOP regimen , R-CHOP regimen increases the therapeutic efficacy in patients with PG-DLBCL, and dose not increase the adverse reactions.