The OLGA-OLGIM staging and the interobserver agreement for gastritis and preneoplastic lesion screening: a cross-sectional study.

Stomach cancer (SC) incidence and mortality are relevant public health issues worldwide. In Colombia, screening for preneoplastic lesions (PNL) and the presence of H. pylori is not routinely performed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate OLGA-OLGIM staging and the interobserver agreement in gastritis and preneoplastic lesions in patients with gastroduodenal symptoms from Colombia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 272 patients with gastroduodenal symptoms. Gastric biopsies were taken following the Updated Sydney System with the OLGA-OLGIM classification, and the results were evaluated by two pathologists. Chronic gastritis and PNL were reported in 76% and 24% of the patients, respectively. Furthermore, 25% of the patients with PNL displayed gastric atrophy (GA) and 75% intestinal metaplasia (IM). Agreement in the histopathological reading for IM was good, whereas for OLGA was variable, and for the H. pylori quantity was poor. OLGA-OLGIM stages 0-II were the most frequent (96%), while stage III (4%) and SC (4%) were the least frequent. Age and coffee consumption were associated with a higher prevalence of PNL. This work determined that 4% of the population is at high risk of developing SC and would benefit from follow-up studies. Reinforcement of training programs to improve the agreement in histopathology readings is required.

Comparison of four pharmacological strategies aimed to prevent the lung inflammation and paraquat-induced alveolar damage.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare in vivo effect of five pharmacological options on inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat. METHODS: 54 Wistar SPF rats were used. After 2 h post-intoxication with paraquat ion, groups of 9 animals were randomly assigned to (1) cyclophosphamide plus dexamethasone (2) low molecular weight heparin (3) unfractionated heparin (4) vitamin C every 24 h, (5) atorvastatin or (6) placebo with intraperitoneal saline. Lung inflammation, alveolar injury, hepatocyte damage, hepatic regeneration, acute tubular necrosis and kidney congestion were evaluated. RESULTS: In the control group 100% of animals presented moderate and severe lung inflammation, while in the groups with atorvastatin and intratracheal heparin this proportion was lower (55.5%; CI 26.6-81.3%) (p = 0.025). A lower degree of moderate or severe hepatic regeneration was evident in the treatment groups with atorvastatin (p = 0.009). In this study was demonstrated that statins and heparin might have a protective effect in the paraquat-induced destructive phase. More evidence is needed to evaluated of dose-response effects of these drugs before to study in clinical trials.

Reporte de un caso de Malacoplaquia renal: una enfermedad inusual de difícil diagnóstico / Renal malokaplakia: An unusual disease of difficult diagnosis

RESUMEN La malacoplaquia es una enfermedad granulomatosa crónica inicialmente descrita en las vías urinarias, pero posteriormente encontrada en múltiples órganos. La presentación clínica depende del sitio comprometido; en el tracto urinario produce disuria, dolor pélvico o abdominal, fiebre, malestar general y, a veces, sensación de masa. Su etiopatogenia aún no ha sido completamente entendida, pero se cree que es debida a un trastorno en la función lisosomal de los macrófagos que afecta la destrucción de las bacterias. Histológicamente se caracteriza por presentar macrófagos llamados "células de von Hansemann" e inclusiones de Michaelis-Gutmann. Describimos el caso de una paciente con diabetes mellitus de larga evolución y malacoplaquia renal que le produjo síntomas debilitantes crónicos.

SUMMARY Malakoplakia is a chronic granulomatous disease, firstly described in the urinary tract but then it has been reported in many organs. The clinical presentation depends on the affected site, when it affects the urinary tract the symptoms are dysuria, abdominal or pelvic pain, fever, discomfort, and, something mass sensation. The etiopathogenesis is not yet clear, but is believed it is due to lysosomal dysfunction of the macrophages that affects the destruction of bacteria. Histologically it is characterized for the presence of von Hansemann cells and Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. We describe the case of a patient with long-term diabetes mellitus and renal malakoplakia that caused chronic debilitating symptoms.