Exploring the Relationship Between Serum Phosphate Levels and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Correlational Analysis.

Background Compelling observational data suggest that heightened levels of fasting blood phosphate are linked to a higher likelihood of cardiovascular disease, spanning across both the general populace and individuals grappling with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to explore the possible correlation between carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and blood phosphate levels among those afflicted with chronic renal dysfunction. Objective The primary goal of this study is to determine the potential association between blood phosphate levels and CIMT in patients with CKD. Methodology In the department of nephrology, prospective research was conducted among patients who had a history of CKD. A total of 30 patients were included, with 20 males and 10 females. Every case had a thorough physical examination and history. Every patient underwent a laboratory evaluation, which included measurements of the CIMT and renal function testing. At a distance of 1 cm from the carotid bulb, the CIMT was measured using B-mode ultrasonography. After compilation, the data were examined. Results The majority of the patients, according to this study, were male and over 50 years old. The Stage II patients in the study had a higher mean systolic blood pressure; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Patients with Stage V (D) disease exhibited higher diastolic blood pressure, but not statistically significant. An increase in the mean serum creatinine level that was statistically significant was linked to Stage V (D) renal disease. A higher mean blood urea was linked to Stage V (D) sickness; however, this relationship was not statistically significant. There was no statistical difference in the mean serum calcium levels between the different stages of renal disease. Higher mean blood phosphate levels were linked to Stage III renal disease, but not in a statistically meaningful way. Although it was higher in Stage IV kidney disease, the mean CIMT was not statistically significant between the stages of renal illness. Conclusions Although a positive correlation was shown, a direct relationship between serum phosphate levels was not established by this investigation. The severity of renal disease has been demonstrated to correlate with elevated serum phosphate levels.

Improving lineament mapping using RISAT-1 SAR data, Nagpur and surrounding area in central India.

Lineaments are the linear geological features can extend from few meters to hundreds of kms. Geologically lineaments are either structural or stratigraphical, typically it will comprise fault, fold axis, bedding contacts, dyke intrusions, shear zone or a straight coast line. Mapping lineaments using remote sensing is economical, faster can act as a preliminary study for geophysical survey such as gravity, electrical, magnetic and seismic etc. Generally, lineaments have been mapped using the optical remote sensing data such as Landsat, Resourcesat etc. For India, Lineaments were mapped using the LISS III and LISS IV of Resourcesat-1 & 2 at a scale of 1:50k. However in tropical region like India, limited exposure of ground due to vegetation cover, lineaments may go unnoticed in optical remote sensing data. This problem can be overcome by Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data, which can penetrate ground significantly. With the launch of RISAT-1 satellite, data availability of SAR data is immense for Indian region. Aim of this study to explore the SAR data and merged SAR and optical data for lineament mapping.

Diabetes-specific Dementia Risk Score (DSDRS) as Predictor of Cognitive Performance of Type 2 Diabetes Patients Presenting at Teritiary Care Centre, Tamaka, Kolar.

The type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) specific dementia risk score (DSDRS) was conceived to assess the stake of Dementia in older adults with T2DM. Factors associated withT2DM- are shown to increase the risk of age-related conditions, which also can increase threat of Dementia. Hence, in the study here, we assess the correlation of DSDRS with frailty, disability, quality of life (QoL) and cognitive assessment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus coming to the tertiary care centre. MATERIAL: In this study we assessed 286 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus to assess the correlation between DSDRS and Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Isaac's set-test (IST), clock drawing test (CDT), quality of life (SF-36), risk of malnutrition (Mini-Nutritional Assessment or MNA), as well as frailty, Katz' and Lawton-Brody scores. We also evaluated the phenotype and correlates of high estimated dementia risk by doing assessing of individuals with DSDRS >75th age specific percentiles. OBSERVATION: Study population mean age was 77.0 ± 5.2 years. in this study DSDRS was seen to have a significant correlation with MMSE test, IST, CDT, SF-36, MNA, Lawton-Brody and Katz scores, and an increasing number of frailty components. DSDRS was found to be more among frail, pre-frail, and subjects with limited ADL and IADL (p < 0.001). Study population with DSDRS >75th age specific percentiles had lower education, MMSE, IST, SF-36, MNA, Katz, Lawton-Brody, and higher frailty scores. High estimated 10 year dementia risk was associated with ADL and IADL disability, frailty and risk of malnutrition. When evaluating separate components of DSDRS, T2DM related microvascular complications were related to all outcome measures. CONCLUSION: The DSDRS is associated with frailty, disability, malnutrition and lower cognitive performance. These findings support that T2DM-related factors have significant burden on functional status, QoL, disability and dementia risk.

Transition-Metal-Free Quinoline Synthesis from Acetophenones and Anthranils via Sequential One-Carbon Homologation/Conjugate Addition/Annulation Cascade.

A transition-metal-free method for the construction of functionalized quinolines from readily available acetophenones and anthranils is reported. This one-pot reaction cascade involves in situ generation of α,ß-unsaturated ketones from the acetophenone via one-carbon homologation by DMSO followed by the aza-Michael addition of anthranils and subsequent annulation. DMSO acted in this reaction not only as solvent but also as one carbon source, thus providing a highly atom-economical and environmentally benign approach for the synthesis of 3-substituted quinolines.

Improving Visibility of Stereo-Radiographic Spine Reconstruction with Geometric Inferences.

Complex deformities of the spine, like scoliosis, are evaluated more precisely using stereo-radiographic 3D reconstruction techniques. Primarily, it uses six stereo-corresponding points available on the vertebral body for the 3D reconstruction of each vertebra. The wireframe structure obtained in this process has poor visualization, hence difficult to diagnose. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to improve the visibility of this wireframe structure using a deformation of a generic spine model in accordance with the 3D-reconstructed corresponding points. Then, the geometric inferences like vertebral orientations are automatically extracted from the radiographs to improve the visibility of the 3D model. Biplanar radiographs are acquired from five scoliotic subjects on a specifically designed calibration bench. The stereo-corresponding point reconstruction method is used to build six-point wireframe vertebral structures and thus the entire spine model. Using the 3D spine midline and automatically extracted vertebral orientation features, a more realistic 3D spine model is generated. To validate the method, the 3D spine model is back-projected on biplanar radiographs and the error difference is computed. Though, this difference is within the error limits available in the literature, the proposed work is simple and economical. The proposed method does not require more corresponding points and image features to improve the visibility of the model. Hence, it reduces the computational complexity. Expensive 3D digitizer and vertebral CT scan models are also excluded from this study. Thus, the visibility of stereo-corresponding point reconstruction is improved to obtain a low-cost spine model for a better diagnosis of spinal deformities.

Multiple heriditary exostoses in a family for three generation of Indian origin with review of literature.

Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) are an autosomal dominant disorder, consisting of multiple cartilage capped bone tumour arising from the metaphysis of long tubular bones. Mutations are seen in Exostosin-1 and Exostosin-2 genes. We present a family of MHE for three generations. The index case was a 10-year-old male presented with multiple exostoses in hand, forearm, leg, right knee and chest. Family history revealed similar complaints in younger brother, father, paternal uncle, paternal aunt & her daughter and grandfather.

Observer strategy and radiographic classification of healing after grafting of cystic defects in maxilla: a radiological appraisal.

AIM: The aim is to radiographically quantify the bone density and relate the same with observer strategy in the bone healing. OBJECTIVES: To assess pattern of bone regeneration following grafting of defects with hydroxyapatite after apicoectomy/cystic enucleation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observer strategy involving trained and experienced examiners used in large series of cases, evaluated radiographically over a period of 1 year with intervals. The cases were grouped into different categories depending on (1) surgical site outline merging with material margin, (2) internal portion of surgical site (i.e. bone formation characteristics) and (3) density of surgical site. The radiographs examined by blind process and the findings were tabulated. Operating surgeon (oral surgeon) has done the interpretation of data to create observer strategy of grafting cases. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS: The outline of the defect was changed, partly reduced and completely absent along with remodeling, which showed ground glass, specular or trabecular pattern of bone over a time with increasing density correlating bone regeneration within a short duration. The applied strategy and classification are recommended for follow-up studies. In this study the characteristics of the new bone formation were also delineated. This strategy is helpful for follow-up studies; implant procedures and so; to know quality and condition of bone after treatment.

Genotoxicity evaluation of individuals working with photocopying machines.

Photocopying machines are a common sight in the cities of India. There is ample evidence showing that the components of toners individually or in the form of a complex mixture are genotoxic. Toxic components of the photocopiers are from their emissions, toners and extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs). In the present study micronucleus test (MNT) on buccal epithelial cells, cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay and chromosomal aberration analysis on peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed on 98 workers occupationally involved in photocopying and 90 age and sex matched controls. The results showed a significant increase in the frequency of MN in buccal epithelial cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes, as well as chromosomal aberrations in the exposed as compared to the control subjects.