RESUMO
The development of Th1 lymphocytes is essential for cell-mediated immunity and resistance against intracellular pathogens. However, if left unregulated, the same response can cause serious damage to host tissues and lead to mortality. A number of different paracrine regulatory mechanisms involving distinct myeloid and lymphoid subpopulations have been implicated in controlling excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines by Th1 cells. Much of this work has focused on interleukin (IL)-10, a cytokine with broad anti-inflammatory properties, one of which is to counteract the function of Th1 lymphocytes. While studying the role of IL-10 in regulating immunopathology during infection with the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, we discovered that the host-protective IL-10 derives in an autocrine manner from conventional interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing T-bet(+) Foxp3(neg) Th1 cells. In the following review, we will discuss these findings that support the general concept that production of IL-10 is an important self-regulatory function of CD4(+) T lymphocytes.
Assuntos
Comunicação Autócrina/imunologia , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Células Th1/imunologia , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Toxoplasmose/imunologia , Animais , Humanos , Imunidade Celular/imunologia , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Interferon gama/imunologia , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Comunicação Parácrina/imunologia , Células Th1/metabolismo , Células Th1/patologia , Toxoplasmose/metabolismo , Toxoplasmose/patologiaAssuntos
Hematopoese Extramedular/fisiologia , Pancreatite/diagnóstico , Esferocitose Hereditária/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Torácicas/diagnóstico , Vértebras Torácicas , Doença Aguda , Biópsia , Colecistectomia , Colelitíase/diagnóstico , Colelitíase/patologia , Colelitíase/cirurgia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pancreatite/patologia , Pancreatite/cirurgia , Esferocitose Hereditária/patologia , Esferocitose Hereditária/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/patologia , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/cirurgia , Esplenectomia , Esplenomegalia/diagnóstico , Esplenomegalia/patologia , Esplenomegalia/cirurgia , Neoplasias Torácicas/patologia , Neoplasias Torácicas/cirurgia , Vértebras Torácicas/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
This article describes the historical development of the grading systems for malignant soft tissue tumors. First attempts to grade these tumors were made in the middle of the nineteenth century; a remarkable amount of activity in grading took place in the 1970s with an apex in the 1980s. Reviewing the literature back to the first available publications, five phases in the development of the grading systems for malignant soft tissue tumors could be distinguished: 1845-1919: phase of identification, 1927-1964: phase of description, 1965-1977: phase of predominant mitotic activity, 1979-1983: phase of predominant tumor type, from 1984: phase of multifactorial systems.
Assuntos
Sarcoma/história , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/história , Europa (Continente) , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Prognóstico , Sarcoma/classificação , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/classificação , Estados UnidosRESUMO
This article describes the historical development of the grading systems for malignant soft tissue tumors. The first attempts to grade these tumors were made in the middle of the nineteen century; a remarkable amount of activity in grading took place in the 1970s which reached a maximum in the 1980s. Reviewing the literature back to the first available publications, five phases in the development of the grading systems for malignant soft tissue tumors could be distinguished. Five commonly used systems were checked for comparing and handling of 339 patients with malignant soft tissue tumors. The use of two multifactorial systems, one simple and one complex, to grade malignant soft tissue tumors should be favored.
Assuntos
Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/patologia , Divisão Celular/fisiologia , Tecido Conjuntivo/patologia , Técnicas Histológicas , Humanos , Prognóstico , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/classificaçãoRESUMO
A rare case of Mullerian adenosarcoma of the uterus is described, found during diagnostic curettage. Panhysterectomy was performed. These rare tumors have a low potential for malignancy and are characterized by benign epithelial and malignant stromal elements. They should be distinguished from the highly malignant mixed Mullerian tumors which contain, by definition, both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. The literature on the subject has been reviewed.
